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Transient cortical blindness following a Hangman's fracture: a case report and review of literature.

We describe a case with transient cortical blindness after trauma with no obvious structural damage to the vertebral artery in the presence of a C2 spondylolisthesis. A patient complaining of blindness in a setting of polytrauma should always alert the possibility of a cervical spine injury with vertebral artery ischaemia.

Reversible Cortical Blindness as a Prominent Manifestation of Cerebral Embolism due to Infective Endocarditis.

Introduction. Infective endocarditis in the left heart may be complicated by stroke, due to embolisation from infectious valvular vegetations. Infarction of both occipital lobes, which are supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries, is infrequent, and is the cause of cortical blindness from lesion of the visual cortex. Cortical blindness is characterized by intact pupillary reflexes, a normal fundoscopy, and, rarely, denial of visual loss. Case Presentation. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman, recipient of a mechanical aortic valve, who presented with fever, multiple organ dysfunction,…

Inhibition related impairments of coherent motion perception in the attention-induced motion blindness paradigm.

A striking effect of selective attention on perception of first- and second-order motion has been termed 'attention-induced motion blindness' or AMB (Sahraie et al., 2001). The AMB paradigm is based on a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task and causes a severe transient impairment of the detection of coherent motion in a random dot kinematogram (RDK). The effect crucially depends on irrelevant motion intervals (distractors) prior to the motion target. To account for this phenomenon, both psychophysical and electrophysiological studies point to the existence of a post-perceptual gate op…

Refractive errors in the adult pakistani population: the national blindness and visual impairment survey.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and spectacle wear and to explore the need for spectacle correction in adults (30 years or older) in Pakistan. METHODS: Multi-stage, cluster random sampling national survey. Each subject had their medical history taken, visual acuity measured, and underwent autorefraction, biometry and fundus examination. Those that presented with visual acuity of less than 6/12 in either eye underwent more detailed examination, including corrected distance visual acuity measurement (autorefraction results placed in a trial lens frame). Myopia was

Causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in Bangladesh: a study of 1935 children.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the anatomical site and underlying aetiology of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/BL) in children in Bangladesh. DESIGN: A national case series. METHODS: Children were recruited from all 64 districts in Bangladesh through multiple sources. Causes were determined and categorised using standard World Health Organization methods. RESULTS: 1935 SVI/BL children were recruited. The median age was 132 months, and boys accounted for 63.1% of the sample. The main site of abnormality was lens (32.5%), mainly unoperated cataract, followed by corneal pathology (26.6%) a…

Negative electroretinogram in the differential diagnosis of malingering of night blindness in the military.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the value of unusual electroretinogram (ERG) findings (negative ERG, which is selective reduction in the amplitude of the b-wave) in the differential diagnosis of night blindness in the military. METHODS: We surveyed 3 years of data. Presumptive and final clinical diagnoses before and after negative ERG recordings were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 495 ERGs were included. The mean age was 22 +/- 2.5 years (range, 20-33 years). Twenty-two patients (4.4%) had negative ERG. Final clinical diagnoses could be made for all except two patients (9%). The diagnoses were conge…

Трейхома и нищета: ненужная слепота еще больше ухудшает положение беднейших слоев населения в беднейших странах.

Трахома является главной причиной инфекционной слепоты во всем мире. Многие люди, живущие в нищете, страдают от трахомы. Инфекционный организм имеет идеальную среду для передачи, где присутствуют признаки бедности. К их числу относятся переполненность, нехватка адекватных водных ресурсов, ограниченное использование воды для личной гигиены, неадекватное удаление отходов и другие условия, способствующие распространению мух. В настоящем обзоре резюмируются стратегии лечения, которые были эффективно внедрены во многих странах в целях сокращения масштабов распространения трахомы. Этот обзор способс

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Many populations living in poverty are affected by trachoma. The infectious organism is provided with an ideal milieu for transmission, where markers of poverty are present. These include overcrowding, lack of adequate water resources, limited use of water for personal hygiene, inadequate waste…

Blindness and bias in a trial of antidepressant medication for chronic tension-type headache.

This study aimed to examine penetration of the blind in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurologists' ratings of improvement and med … produce a prodrug bias as has been asserted by critics. Better methods of assessing and quantifying blindness are needed.

Estimation of prevalence and incidence rates and causes of blindness in Israel, 1998-2003.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and incidence of blindness in Israel appear to be comparable to other western countries. Comparisons are difficult because of different definitions of blindness, and the uniqueness of the Israeli Registry of the Blind. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population who were registered as Blind in Israel in the years 1998-2003 and estimate the prevalence and incidence of blindness by age and causes of blindness. METHODS: A retrospective review of the annual report of the national Registry of the Blind in Israel between 1998 and 2003 identified 21,585 blind persons who re…

Night blindness with depolarizing pattern of ON/OFF response in electroretinogram: a case report.

PURPOSE: To present a patient who has night blindness with a depolarizing pattern of ON/OFF response by electroretinography (ERG). CASE: A 43-year-old woman had had night blindness and poorly corrected visual acuity since childhood. Parental consanguinity was noted. The patient had suffered from mental retardation, epilepsy, and mild cerebellar ataxia. Corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left. Goldmann perimetry showed no scotoma but slight depression with internal isoptors. No evidence for rod activity was observed by Goldmann-Weekers adaptometry. The ocular f…

Type of stroke after transient monocular blindness or retinal infarction of presumed arterial origin.

BACKGROUND: Retinal infarction and transient monocular blindness (TMB) are associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic stroke. Little information is available on the type of subsequent ischaemic strokes that may occur (anterior or posterior circulation and small vessel or large vessel). AIM: To analyse the type of stroke after TMB. METHODS: Patients with transient or permanent retinal ischaemia were selected from three prospective studies: the Dutch TIA Trial, the Dutch Amaurosis Fugax Study and the European/Australian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial. On follow-up t…

[Sudden blindness following operative care of a multiply traumatized patient: posterior ischemic optic neuropathy].

A 32-year-old man had fallen from an 8-m high scaffolding and had suffered multiple traumatic injuries, such as compression fractures of the … ould have explained the sudden vision loss. A study of the literature was done, using the keywords "blindness" and "spine surgery." Only very few cases describing a connection of spine surgery and postoperative vision loss could be found. This article aims to elaborate on the few connections worked out in these investigations.

Acute monocular blindness resulting from transformation of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis to malignant melanocytic schwannomas.

A 59-year-old male was transferred to our facility after initial workup for left eye blindness revealed multiple brain lesions. The patient presented with scant pedunculated skin lesions on his neck and arms, axillary freckling and bilateral subcutaneous ankle nodules suggestive of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Neurological examination revealed left-sided blindness, diminished pupillary response to light, incomplete eyelid closure and facial droop. A CT series of the chest/abdomen/pelvis demonstrated several lesions in the lungs, liver and left kidney. CT-guided biopsy of the renal lesion w…

A dominant form of congenital stationary night blindness (adCSNB) in a large Chinese family.

A pedigree of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is described in a large Chinese family. The clinical description, pedigree, dark adaptation and elctroretinogram (ERG) studies indicate that the patients have an autosomal dominant form (ad) of CSNB. The disorder has been transmitted through at least 12 generations with over 40 affected individuals identified. The ERG data reveal that affected persons have severely diminished b-wave responses to dim light, but normal a-wave and subnormal b-wave responses to maximum light stimuli. The dark adaptation curves of three patients show a mono…

[Carotid cavernous fistula: the importance of its opportune diagnosis and treatment to prevent blindness].

A carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal communication between a branch of the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus generating an arteri … ance of the opportune diagnosis and treatment of these fistulas to prevent visual loss and eventual blindness, as occurred in our first patient.

Immunopathogenesis of Onchocerca volvulus keratitis (river blindness): a novel role for endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria.

River blindness is thought to occur as a result of the host response to degenerating microfilariae in the eye. Utilizing a murine model of corneal inflammation (keratitis) to investigate the immune and inflammatory responses associated with river blindness, we recently demonstrated an important role for endotoxin-like products from endosymbiotic bacteria and for activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These observations have led to a new understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease

ENU-induced late-onset night blindness associated with rod photoreceptor cell degeneration in zebrafish.

We describe a dominant mutation, night blindness d (nbd), that causes late-onset rod photoreceptor cell degeneration in zebrafish. The mutation was induced by treating male zebrafish with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Visual sensitivity was tested using a behavioral assay based on a visually mediated escape response. At a young age, the heterozygous (nbd+/-) fish did not show any signs of night blindness or retinal degeneration. At 2 years, their behaviorally assessed visual sensitivity was decreased, albeit no alterations in the electroretinogram (ERG) were detected. Histology revealed that in…

Excess mortality associated with blindness in the onchocerciasis focus of the Mbam Valley, Cameroon.

The association between blindness, mortality and nutritional status was investigated in a retrospective cohort study in villages of central Cameroon where onchocerciasis is hyper-endemic. Overall, 101 blind subjects and 101 non-blind controls matched with the blind for age, sex and (generally) village of residence were followed for 10 years. Blindness gave rise to a significant increase in mortality (relative risk = 2.3; P = 0.012), the life expectancy of the blind adults being reduced by 4 years compared with that of their controls. For a given age, excess mortality was found to be associated…