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Spatial neglect--a vestibular disorder?

The phenomenon of spatial neglect after right brain damage greatly helps our understanding of the normal mechanisms of directing and maintaining spatial attention, of spatial orientation, and the characteristics of neural representation of space. The intriguing symptom is a spontaneous orientation bias towards the right leading to neglect of objects or persons on the left. Interestingly, we observe similar symptoms namely a spontaneous bias of eyes and head along the horizontal dimension of space in patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction. Further similarities concern anatomical findin

A speedy solution for balance and gait analysis: angular velocity measured at the centre of body mass.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Falls are a serious problem for the elderly and others prone to fall. In particular, those over 65 years of age will suffer at least one fall a year and as a result will need cost-intensive medical treatment. Under these circumstances, an optimal clinical pathway should first identify those with a tendency to fall, second, pinpoint the disease-specific deficits in balance control and walking patterns, and third, offer the possibility through focused biofeedback training to reduce the number of falls suffered. This review describes new methods of assessing balance control in

Postural control in children. Coupling to dynamic somatosensory information.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the coupling between dynamic somatosensory information and body sway is similar in children and adults. Thirty children (4-, 6-, and 8-year-olds) and 10 adults stood upright, with feet parallel, and lightly contacting the fingertip to a rigid metal plate that moved rhythmically at 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 Hz. Light touch to the moving contact surface induced postural sway in all participants. The somatosensory stimulus produced a broadband frequency response in children, while the adult response was primarily at the driving frequency. Gain, a

Magnitude estimation of oral cavity distances.

Adult subjects were asked to estimate relative distances between points marked on artificial palates fitted to their own palatal vaults. The artificial palates were less than 1 mm thick and extended posteriorly along the hard palate from the central incisors to approximately the second molars. Distances of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mm were marked on four planes on the palates, one corresponding to the alveolar ridge, one anterior and two posterior to the ridge. The subjects felt raised points on the palates with their tongues and assigned number referenced to a standard distance on the alveolar pla

Ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency: A case report and updated review.

Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare cause of hereditary ataxia in developing countries with unknown prevalence. AVED is an autosomal-recessive disorder, which is characterized by ataxia, areflexia, and proprioceptive and vibratory sensory loss. The disease is characterized clinically by symptoms with often resembling to those of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Vitamin E supplementation improves symptoms and prevents the progression of the disease. In this case report, we reviewed the recently updated findings in AVED in regard to the management and present a case of AVED in a 16-year-o

Chiari-like Malformation.

Chiari-like malformation is a condition of the craniocervical junction in which there is a mismatch of the structures of the caudal cranial fossa causing the cerebellum to herniate into the foramen magnum. This herniation can lead to fluid buildup in the spinal cord, also known as syringomyelia. Pain is the most common clinical sign followed by scratching. Other neurologic signs noted are facial nerve deficits, seizures, vestibular syndrome, ataxia, menace deficit, proprioceptive deficits, head tremor, temporal muscle atrophy, and multifocal central nervous system signs. MRI is the diagnostic

The unstable shoulder in the adolescent athlete.

Shoulder dislocation and subluxation occur frequently in athletes, with peaks in the second and sixth decades. The majority of traumatic dislocations are in the anterior direction. The most frequent complication of shoulder dislocation is recurrence--a complication that occurs much more often in the adolescent population. The dynamic (muscular) and static (predominantly capsuloligamentous and labral) restraints to shoulder instability are now well defined. Recent surgical procedures for shoulder instability have become less interventional and have focused on restoring disrupted static restrain

Ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a Cocker Spaniel dog.

A neurodegenerative storage disease identified as ceroid-lipofuscinosis by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopic examinations was diagnosed in a 4-year-old female Cocker Spaniel dog with progressive ataxia and proprioceptive deficits. Stored pigment was found within neurons of the brain and spinal cord and in smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and small muscular arteries. The microscopic findings resembled those found in six other cases of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis in this breed. However, the brown discoloration of the intestines, which was the major gross lesion observ

Neuropathic Arthropathy: Review of Current Knowledge.

Neuropathic arthropathy is a chronic, progressive degenerative disorder affecting one or more peripheral or vertebral articulations, which develops as the result of a disturbance in the normal sensory (pain or proprioceptive) innervation of joints. Diabetes, syphilis, and syringomelia are the most commonly associated clinical entities. When neuropathic arthropathy is suspected, careful clinical evaluation should be performed to identify an underlying neurologic disorder. Patient education, joint protection, and early recognition of fractures are the most important general management principles

Effects of Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Neonatal and Juvenile Rats on Parvalbumin-Positive Inputs and Perineuronal Net Formation on Chx10-Positive V2a Interneurons.

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal rats, but not juvenile rats, show spontaneous hindlimb locomotor recovery after complete thoracic spinal cord transection (SCT). Significant increases in parvalbumin-positive proprioceptive nerve terminals are observed on motoneurons in both neonatal and juvenile rats with SCT compared with intact rats. METHODS: In the present study, we focused on Chx10-positive V2a interneurons, which partially comprise the central pattern generator, and examined parvalbumin-positive nerve terminals on Chx10 neurons and the perineuronal net formation around these neurons using Wisteria

Non-paraneoplastic Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia with Sensory Ataxia Associated with the Anti-Ca/ARHGAP26 Antibody: A Case Report.

Primary (non-paraneoplastic) autoimmune cerebellar ataxia is immune-mediated and often responds to immunotherapy. The anti-Ca/ARHGAP26 antibody is a rare cause; reported experience comprises individual cases and small series, in which peripheral polyneuropathy but not central deep-sensory involvement is recognized. We report a man in his 50s with one month of subacute, progressive gait instability who had both cerebellar and deep-sensory ataxia. Proprioception and vibration sense were markedly impaired in the arms. Nerve conduction studies showed a steeply length-dependent axonal neuropathy: s…

A roadmap for somatosensory rehabilitation and research after stroke: Consensus-based core recommendations from the fourth Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke somatosensory impairments, including deficits in touch and proprioception, are common. They alter body perception and can be a hidden cause of motor disability. They are often underrecognized in clinical care, highlighting the need for consensus recommendations. AIM: The Somatosensory Roundtable aimed to provide:A. A framework for understanding somatosensationB. Expert-informed consensus recommendations for somatosensory interventions that have potential for use in clinical practice with stroke survivorsC. Consensus recommendations for research priorities to advance cl…

Romberg test: Differentiating vestibular from somatosensory ataxia.

INTRODUCTION: The Romberg Test (RT) is a traditional bedside test of static balance. However, its nonspecific original description and focus on proprioceptive deficits have limited its diagnostic utility for vestibular dysfunction. We used gyroscopic measurements of trunk sway at the body's center of mass, time to fall, and a Subjective Instability score (SI) to gain more detailed insights than the binary outcomes typically used in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether specific patterns of sway and sway perception during the RT and its variants differentiate individuals with vesti

Next-generation strategies for anterior cruciate ligament repair: constructing biointelligent ligament grafts integrating biomimetic design, immune modulation, and sensory feedback.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction conventionally prioritizes immediate mechanical stability; however, it does not fully prevent long-term post-traumatic osteoarthritis, residual neuromuscular deficits, or incomplete biological integration. This limitation reflects the gap between structural graft substitution and true functional regeneration, including insufficient ligament-bone interface healing, delayed graft vascularization and remodeling, loss of proprioceptive afferents, and the demanding intra-articular environment characterized by synovial fluid washout and high cyclic mec

Свободный свет о взаимодействии между неврологическими симптомами и психиатрическими эпзодами в множестве склерозов: Новел Гипотез и терапевтические авеню.

Множественный склероз — это хроническое нервно-воспалительное расстройство, при этом различные повреждения центральной нервной системы вызываются в разные моменты времени. Тревожные расстройства и серьезные депрессивные расстройства являются обычным коморбидом множественного склероза. В таких случаях очевидна корреляция между остротой психиатрических приступов и неврологическими симптомами, однако детализированная причинно-следственная связь является неясной. Данные свидетельствуют о том, что дисрегулированные и/или миелин антигенно-реактивные лимфоциты проникают в мозговую ткань, стимулируя п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder, with different central nervous system lesions being induced at distinct time poi … signals. These psychiatric episodes may cooperatively result in uncontrollable sensory perception, proprioception, interoception, and neurocognition, which are likely implicated in the progression of pain, physical disability, fatigue, and neurocognitive deficits. Collectively, in multiple sclerosis comorbid with psychiatric disorders, autoimmune responses init …

Changes of EEG beta band power and functional connectivity during spaceflight: a retrospective study.

Spaceflight exposes astronauts to unique conditions like microgravity, which may affect brain function, though it remains underexplored comp … ndition. The focus was on beta band (12-30 Hz) activity, which is associated with motor control and proprioception. Results showed increased beta power during spaceflight when compared to pre-flight (EC: p < 0.01) and post-flight (EC: p < 0.01; EO: p < 0.05) conditions. FC strength also increased during spaceflight when compared to pre-flight (EO: p < 0.05) and …

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellum Improves Balance and Shooting Accuracy in Elite Ice Hockey Players.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum on balance control and shooting accuracy in elite ice hockey players. METHODS: Twenty-one elite ice hockey players underwent anodal tDCS over the M1 (a-tDCSM1), anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (a-tDCSCB), concurrent dual-site anodal tDCS over the M1 and the cerebellum (a-tDCSM1+CB), and sham stimulation (tDCSSHAM). Before and after receiving tDCS (2 mA for 15 min), participants completed an ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, Pro-Kin balance test (incl

Delayed viral vector mediated delivery of neurotrophin-3 improves skilled hindlimb function and stability after thoracic contusion.

Intramuscular injection of an Adeno-associated viral vector serotype 1 (AAV1) encoding Neurotrophin-3 (NT3) into hindlimb muscles 24 h after a severe T9 spinal level contusion in rats has been shown to induce lumbar spinal neuroplasticity, partially restore locomotive function and reduce spasms during swimming. Here we investigate whether a targeted delivery of NT3 to lumbar and thoracic motor neurons 48 h following a severe contusive injury aids locomotive recovery in rats. AAV1-NT3 was injected bilaterally into the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and rectus abdominus muscles 48-h following

Preventing Children From Developing Dyslexia: A Premature Writing Hypothesis.

It has been argued that dyslexia may develop in strongly left eye dominant children through learning to write using ipsilateral, right hemisphere motor pathways. New light on this theory has been cast by recent findings of atypical enhanced corpus callosum white matter in children with dyslexia, reflecting right to left hemisphere communication that is resistant to intensive remedial reading intervention. Enhanced corpus callosum white matter is consistent with uninhibited right to left hemisphere ipsilateral mirror-motor innervation, manifested as frequent mirror-letter writing errors in chil

Obstacle Course Events: Hazards and Prevention Measures.

This article reviews hazards associated with obstacle course events (OCEs) like the Spartan Race and Tough Mudder, which are becoming increasingly popular, and provides strategies to mitigate these hazards. In seven studies, the overall weighted incidence of participants seeking medical care during OCEs was only 1.4% with ~6% of these requiring higher level medical care at a hospital. Nonetheless, 27% of participants self-reported =1 extremity injury. Common OCE medical problems included sprains/strains and dermatological injuries (abrasions/laceration/blisters); the ankle and knee were common