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[Microbiological surveillance: viral hemorrhagic fever in Central African Republic: current serological data in man].

An investigation was conducted between 1994 and 1997 in forested areas of the Central African Republic (CAR) to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against several haemorrhagic fever viruses present in the region. Sera were obtained from 1762 individuals in two groups (Pygmy and Bantu locuted populations) living in 4 forested areas in the south of the country. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, Rift Valley fever (RVF), Yellow fever (YF) and Hantaviruses by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and against Lassa virus by immunofluorescent assay. The prevalence of IgG ant…

The Neglect and Fast Spread of Some Arboviruses: A Note for Healthcare Providers in Nigeria.

Arboviruses are distributed worldwide and constitute significant health burden globally. Outbreaks of arboviruses have been reported in Afri … omes, and risk factors for five human arboviruses (yellow fever YF, dengue DENV, chikungunya CHIKV, Rift Valley fever RVF, and West Nile virus WNV) found in Nigeria are presented. Health practitioners should ensure in-depth analysis rather than a superficial diagnosis of diseases before declaring a course of treatment.

Non-structural proteins of arthropod-borne bunyaviruses: roles and functions.

Viruses within the Bunyaviridae family are tri-segmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses. The family includes several emerging and re-emerging viruses of humans, animals and plants, such as Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, La Crosse virus, Schmallenberg virus and tomato spotted wilt virus. Many bunyaviruses are arthropod-borne, so-called arboviruses. Depending on the genus, bunyaviruses encode, in addition to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the different structural proteins, one or several non-structural proteins. These non-structural proteins are not always …

Colloid cyst and epidermoid cyst.

BACKGROUND: Viral hemorrhagic fevers are caused by viruses from four viral families and develop diseases with high fatality rates. However, no commercial diagnostic assay for these pathogens is available. FINDINGS: We developed real-time RT-PCR assays for viruses Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Guanarito, Machupo, Junin, Sabiá, Seoul, Puumala, Hantaan, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Rift Valley fever virus. The assays were optimized for identical reaction conditions and can be performed using several types of real-time PCR instruments, both capillary and plate, including a portable Ruggediz…

Mechanism of Immune Evasion in Mosquito-Borne Diseases.

In recent decades, mosquito-borne illnesses have emerged as a major health burden in many tropical regions. These diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus infection, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus infection, are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These pathogens have been shown to interfere with the host's immune system through adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, as well as the human circulatory system. Crucial immune checkpoints such as antigen presentation, T cell activation, differentiation, and proinf…

Microbiological Zoonotic Emerging Risks, Transmitted Between Livestock Animals and Humans (2007-2015).

As part of the Emerging Risk Identification (ERI) activities of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), a literature search was conducted to identify the microbiological agents transmitted between livestock animals and humans that have been suggested as having emerged between 2007 and 2015 in peer-reviewed scientific literature published during the same period (2007-2015). According to the criteria set, the search identified seven such zoonotic agents, namely West Nile Fever virus, Rift Valley Fever virus, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus, Influenza A H1N1 virus, Coxiella burnetii, St…

Using One Health assessments to leverage endemic disease frameworks for emerging zoonotic disease threats in Libya.

Continued emergence, re-emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases demonstrates the imperative need for multisectoral communication and joint … notic diseases were selected to undergo assessment: highly pathogenic avian influenza, brucellosis, Rift Valley fever, leishmaniasis and rabies. Through decisive acknowledgement of Libya's unique health setting, we mapped how patient and sample information is both communicated within and between the human, animal and environmental health sectors, spanning from loca …

A Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Requirement of Host Cell Sulfation for Schmallenberg Virus Infection.

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an insect-transmitted orthobunyavirus that can cause abortions and congenital malformations in the offspring of … was also found to be important to initiate infection by two other bunyaviruses, La Crosse virus and Rift Valley fever virus. Thus, PAPST1-triggered synthesis of cell surface heparan sulfate is required for the efficient replication of SBV and other bunyaviruses.IMPORTANCE SBV is a newly emerging orthobunyavirus (family Peribunyaviridae) that has spread rapidly acro …

Host plant forensics and olfactory-based detection in Afro-tropical mosquito disease vectors.

The global spread of vector-borne diseases remains a worrying public health threat, raising the need for development of new combat strategie … matK genes and identified host plants of field-collected Afro-tropical mosquito vectors of dengue, Rift Valley fever and malaria being among the most important mosquito-borne diseases in East Africa. These included three plant species for Aedes aegypti (dengue), two for both Aedes mcintoshi and Aedes ochraceus (Rift Valley fever) and five for Anopheles gambiae (ma …

Identification of Novel 5,6-Dimethoxyindan-1-one Derivatives as Antiviral Agents.

BACKGROUND: Discovery of novel antiviral agents is essential because viral infection continues to threaten human life globally. Various hete … apillomavirus - HPV, Zika virus - ZIKV, Dengue virus - DENV, Measles virus - MV, Poliovirus 3 - PV, Rift Valley fever virus - RVFV, Tacaribe virus - TCRV, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus - VEEV, Herpes simplex virus 1 -HSV-1 and Human cytomegalovirus - HCMV) using the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)'s Division of Microbiology and …

A mechanistic paradigm for broad-spectrum antivirals that target virus-cell fusion.

LJ001 is a lipophilic thiazolidine derivative that inhibits the entry of numerous enveloped viruses at non-cytotoxic concentrations (IC50 ≤ … derately but significantly (p≤0.01) delayed the time to death in a murine lethal challenge model of Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV). The viral membrane may be a viable target for broad-spectrum antivirals that target virus-cell fusion.

In-vivo activity of antivirals against exotic RNA viral infections.

Infection of humans by viruses belonging to the families of Toga-, Bunya-, and Arenaviridae constitutes a major health problem worldwide and certain of the viruses have the potential to cause widespread epidemics. In the search for effective chemotherapy against these viruses several hundred nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have been screened for antiviral activity. Of the compounds tested, ribavirin, has been shown in laboratory animal models to have significant inhibitory effects against Rift Valley Fever virus, the bunyavirus Punta Toro, Hantaan virus and arenaviruses such as Pichinde, J…

Epidemiology of arboviruses in humans and livestock in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Arbovirus infections are a global public health threat, accounting for approximately 73% of the total emerging and re-emerging h … iruses in livestock was 15.77% (95% CI: 0.45, 31.08). Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Rift valley fever, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus in humans and Rift valley fever, West Nile virus, and Schmallenberg virus in livestock were reported. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of arboviruses in humans and livestock in Ethiopia alarms the need for immediate …

Repurposing Small-molecule Inhibitors against Bunyaviruses: Advances, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Prospects.

Bunyaviricetes, including highly pathogenic members such as Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, and Rift Valley Fever Virus, pose significant global health threats characterized by high mortality rates and a lack of approved specific therapeutics. Drug repurposing provides pharmaceutical companies with cost-effective and expedited strategies to discover innovative treatment options for patients. Given the issue of antiviral drug resistance and the high cost of developing new antiviral drugs, drug repurposing offers enormous potential for ex…

MRNA innovation: preparing for arboviruses and the next global outbreak.

Aedes-borne arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis, are rapidly expanding their global reach, with recent outbreaks occurring in non-endemic regions such as southern Europe and the southern United States. Environmental suitability in parts of South America, Asia, and Africa supports continued high transmission potential, while re-emerging pathogens like Oropouche fever further highlight the threat. Current vaccines-though effective in specific contexts-face significant limitations in coverage,…

[Brain teratology as a result of transplacental virus infection in ruminants].

Various viruses relating to congenital brain teratology in ruminants are discussed. These include: bluetongue which may be responsible for porencephaly and hydranencephaly; Akabane disease, Rift Valley fever (mouse brain attenuated virus) and Wesselsbron disease (wild-type and mouse brain attenuated viruses) which can give rise to porencephaly, hydranencephaly, micrencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, and bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease which results only in cerebellar hypoplasia. Certain foetal, maternal and virological factors that might have an effect on the pathogenesis of viral ter…

Перспективы лечения вирусной геморрагической лихорадки ребравирином, широкоспектральным антивирусным препаратом.

Рибавирин, широкоспектральный антивирусный препарат, активно противодействует вирусу геморрагической лихорадки (за исключением вируса Эбола) в системах клеточной культуры. В модельных инфекциях с арены у морских свиней и обезьян рибавирин продемонстрировал как профилактическую, так и терапевтическую эффективность. В терапевтических исследованиях она не предотвратила запоздалую неврологическую болезнь. В случае заболевания лихорадкой Ласса она значительно сокращает смертность лиц, находящихся в группе повышенного риска, до 7-го дня. В случае грызунов и обезьян, инфицированных вирусом лихорадки

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, is active against hemorrhagic fever viruses (with the exception of Ebola virus) in cell culture … administered before day 7 of illness to persons at high risk. In rodents and monkeys infected with Rift Valley fever virus, ribavirin therapy resulted in reduced mortality; prophylactic administration to volunteers infected with sandfly fever virus, Sicilian strain, prevented development of illness. Ribavirin increased the number of survivors and the mean time to …

The growing threat of arbovirus transmission and outbreaks in Kenya: a review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the trend in arbovirus outbreaks and activity in Kenya in the last ten years. DATA SOURCE: Published reports of past outbreak investigations and more recent data available at the Arbovirology and Viral haemorrhagic fevers reference centre, Centre for Virus Research, Nairobi. STUDY SELECTION: Past and recent outbreaks and active transmission reports of arboviruses of medical importance in Kenya including Yellow fever (YF), Rift Valley Fever (RVF), Dengue and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever. SYNTHESIS: Each of the viruses was reviewed providing critical information on cl…

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES PREPARED-FROM LUCILA CUPRINA MAGGOTS (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE).

Chitosan nanoparticles Were studied as antimicrobial agent. The antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles were investigated against three Gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, and three Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes. The 'antifungal activity were examined against three fungi; Geotrichum candidum, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The antiviral activities were tested against three viruses; Rift Valley Fever (RVFV), Herpes simplex-I (HSV-1) and Coxsackie viruses. Chito…