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Suppression on PCDD/Fs formation by a novel inhibition system consisting of phosphorous-based compounds coupled with a chlorine-deactivation material.

The SN-containing inhibitors are effective for suppressing the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the post-combustion zone of municipal solid waste incineration systems, but the industrial application of the SN-containing inhibitors is restricted by the high cost and the generation of corrosive by-products (e.g., SOx). To develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly inhibitors, a new inhibition system consisting of P-based compounds (i.e., NH4H2PO4 (ADP) and KH2PO4 (PDP)) and a chlorine-deactivation material (CaO) was proposed in this study. Al…

Human health risks associated with multipath exposure of groundwater nitrate and environmental friendly actions for quality improvement and sustainable management: A case study from Texvalley (Tiruppur region) of India.

The present research was attempted to examine the human health risks due to nitrate contamination in the groundwater of Texvalley (Tiruppur … tic fertilizers, cow dung and sheep manure, industrial discharge, septic tank leakage and municipal solid waste disposal are the major sources of nitrate pollution in this region. The USEPA health risk assessment model was applied in this study to assess hazard quotients (HQ) according to the NO3- exposure in various age groups of inhabitants through two diff …

Enhancement of chlortetracycline biodegradation with Trichoderma harzianum LJ245 and its spore-producing mutants using co-metabolism.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) has been widely used in veterinary medicine in recent years, which has resulted in severe environmental issues due to its low degradation rate and high risk to induce antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes. In previous studies, CTC could be efficiently degraded by Trichoderma harzianum LJ245. Nevertheless, the strain itself suffers from relatively poor adaptability due to the limited number of spores produced. In this paper, ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis was conducted on LJ245, and various mutants with high sporulation rate were generated to expand the environmental ad

Biomonitoring of genotoxicity of industrial fertilizer pollutants in Aiolopus thalassinus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) using alkaline comet assay.

Phosphate fertilizer industry is considered as one of the main sources of environmental pollutants. Besides solid waste products, e.g. phosphates, sulphates, and heavy metals, also atmospheric pollutants, such as hydrofluoric acid fumes (HF), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO2), and particulate matter with diameter up to 10 μm (PM10) can be dangerous. Genotoxic effect of these pollutants was monitored by assessing the DNA damage using alkaline comet assay on cells from brain, thoracic muscles and gut of Aiolopus thalassinus collected at three sites (A-C) located at 1, 3, and 6 km away…

Rapid trachoma assessment in Kersa District, Southwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Though trachoma can be treated with antibiotics (active trachom … half hour walking distance, 18.2% did not have functional latrine, and 95.3% of the households had solid waste disposal within a distance of 20 meters. Households with environmental risk factors were at an increased risk to active trachoma, but the association was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The prevalence estimate of trachomatous trichiasis incl …

Drugs of abuse and their metabolites in waste and surface waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE/LC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of nicotine, five drugs of abuse (morphine, cocaine, codeine, methadone, and 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine) and four metabolites (dihydrocodeine, 6-acetylmorphine, 11-nor-carboxy-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and benzoylecgonine) in water samples. A Fused-Core™ particle column was used as an alternative to sub-2-μm particles in chromatographic separations to work with low backpressures and high efficiencies in short an

Change of the chemical composition and biodegradability of the Van Soest soluble fraction during composting: a study using a novel extraction method.

Van Soest fractionation is widely employed to characterize exogenous organic matter. The soluble fraction of Van Soest fractionation (SOL, e … al nature of the SOL fraction and explain its biodegradability. This method was tested on municipal solid waste compost sampled during the thermophilic phase (MSWi) and after 8 months of composting (MSWm). Both methods extracted similar proportions of organic matter. The composition of the residues was similar in MSWm although differences were noted for the e …

Abundance & distribution of muscoid flies in tsunami-hit coastal villages of southern India during post-disaster management period.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In the tsunami (December 2004) affected coastal villages located on southern parts of Coramandel Coast of India, sea … TION & CONCLUSION: Seawater incursion, crowding of tsunami victims at relief camps, accumulation of solid waste at centralized relief kitchen and temporary shelters were responsible for the sudden increase in the number of flies. However, the post-disaster relief efforts kept the situation under control, without outbreak of any vector-borne diseases.

Bioremediation of contaminated lake sediments and evaluation of maturity indicies as indicators of compost stability.

Land contamination is one of the widely addressed problems, which is gaining importance in many developed and developing countries. International efforts are actively envisaged to remediate contaminated sites as a response to adverse health effects. Popular conventional methodologies only transfer the phase of the contaminant involving cost intensive liabilities besides handling risk of the hazardous waste. Physico-chemical methods are effective for specific wastes, but are technically complex and lack public acceptance for land remediation. iBioremediatio nî, is one of the emerging low-cost t

Enhanced and Optimized Production of Cellulase Using Trichoderma harzianum through the Utilization of Pretreated Lignocellulosic Wastes: Purification, Characterization, and Industrial Applications.

In the current study, various Aspergillus and Trichoderma strains were explored to produce cellulase using a variety of agricultural wastes as cheaper substrates. Among the tested strains, Trichoderma harzianum exhibited the highest enzyme activity (84.0 FPU/mL) when grown on alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse after purification. Out of three substrates, pretreated sugarcane bagasse consistently resulted in higher cellulase activity (42.05 FPU/mL) as compared to wheat straw (26.5 FPU/mL) and wheat bran (16.7 FPU/mL) across all tested strains due to its high cellulose/hemicellulose content and

Violae Herba: A comprehensive review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and clinical applications.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Violae Herba (VH), the dried whole plant of Viola yedonensis Makino that belongs to the family Violaceae, has been long used for treating sores, swollen toxins, carbuncles, erysipelas, and venomous snake bites in China due to is traditional efficacy of clearing heat, detoxifying, cooling blood, and reducing swelling. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This article aims to report the latest research progress of VH focusing on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and therapeutic applications, so as to lay a solid foundation for future clinical tre

Hydrolysis of particleboard bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin for recycling.

In this study, the removal of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesives from waste wood particleboards (PBs) via hydrolysis was discussed, particularly the use of this application to combat environmental issues often encountered in recycling projects. Herein, the conditions required for producing PBs with poor binding properties were examined. Additionally, we determined the appropriate formaldehyde: urea (F/U) mole ratios, namely, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15, required for generating UF resins that can be characterized and used as PB binders. The resulting values were compared with those obtained for a

Aqueous-Phase Peptide Synthesis via Stepwise Amino Acid Elongation Catalyzed by Aqualigase.

Peptides have broad applications in fields such as food, medicine, and functional materials. Conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) constructs diverse peptide sequences through stepwise amino acid elongation but relies on stoichiometric coupling reagents and organic solvents, thereby generating considerable chemical waste. Aqualigase, an engineered subtilisin, offers a green alternative that directly condenses free carboxylic acids and amines in pure aqueous media. However, whether this system can support stepwise elongation using amino acids as building blocks remains unclear. Here

Nitrogen reutilization from hydrothermal aqueous phase for preparing N-doped activated carbons toward efficient CO2 capture.

N-doped carbon materials are recognized for CO2 capture due to their well-developed microporous structures and abundant surface basic sites, which enhance adsorption performance. Municipal sewage sludge is a promising nitrogen-rich precursor, but a significant fraction of nitrogen is lost to the hydrothermal aqueous phase during carbonization, reducing nitrogen retention in the solid precursor and increasing the burden of wastewater treatment. To overcome this, spent coffee grounds and sewage sludge were employed as feedstocks, and three nitrogen reutilization strategies were systematically in

Iron-carbon composites for anammox enhancement: a critical review of electron transfer mechanisms, ferroptosis regulation and scale-up challenges.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has emerged as a sustainable wastewater nitrogen removal pathway; however, its full-scale application is impeded by slow autotrophic growth and environmental sensitivity. Iron-carbon (Fe-C) composites have been demonstrated to enhance performance by accelerating extracellular electron transfer (EET) and fostering robust aggregates. Departing from traditional descriptive summaries, this review establishes a multi-scale framework evaluating the cellular stress limits, material lifecycles, and techno-economic boundaries of Fe-C-anammox systems. A systematic

Broad-spectrum biodegradation of aliphatic and aliphatic-aromatic polyesters by Papiliotrema laurentii isolated from locust frass.

Biodegradable aliphatic and aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), are increasingly used as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical plastics. However, their depolymerization outside industrial composting facilities is often incomplete. This study characterized Papiliotrema laurentii strain 62UF-13, isolated from migratory locust frass, for broad-spectrum polyester hydrolysis. Emulsion assays demonstrated hydrolytic activity across all f

Гидрационный механизм и микроструктурная эволюция низкокалорийного цемента на основе морской воды.

В этой статье предлагается новый метод подготовки к производству цемента с низким содержанием щелочи на основе морской воды, активированного с помощью фосфогипсума (PG), в целях повышения эффективности систем многоотходных связующих устройств с использованием высокоионной среды морской воды при одновременном решении вопросов затрат и щелочности, связанных с традиционными активаторами с высоким содержанием щелочи. Последствия частичной замены наземной гранулированной ударной шлаки (GGBS) на PG (GG)0-15%) и летающая зола (FA, 20-50%) в отношении времени установки были изучены револогические свой

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… This approach enables the efficient use of low-value solid wastes such as PG and FA to achieve excellent mechanical properties without requiring complex pretreatment of the precursors. 2. Materials and Methodologies 2.1. … Raw Materials and Preparation The three solid waste materials used as precursor materials in this study were GGBS, FA, and PG. The unaltered PG was sourced from Hubei Province, China, and the FA and GGBS were purchased from the Gongyi Hengnuo Filter Material Co., Ltd. (Gongyi, China). …

Recycling of iron phosphate residue from Lithium-extracted spent power battery: low-molecular-weight organic acids activation for Pb/Cd adsorption.

The rapid progress of electric vehicles has intensified global lithium recovery from spent LiFePO4 batteries, generating substantial FePO4 residue (FeP) with low economic value and limited utilization potential. Considering the insolubility and chemical inertness of this unique solid waste, we repurposed it through low-molecular-weight organic acids (oxalic acid/citric acid) activation, transforming it into free PO43--rich materials (O-FeP and C-FeP) for heavy metal immobilization. Batch adsorption experiments combined with Visual MINTEQ modeling, spectroscopic characterization (XRD, FT-IR), a…

Expanded evaluation of a robust on-line sample cleanup-LC-MS platform suited for new approach methodologies (NAM).

Sample preparation in bioanalysis can require significant numbers of (manual) steps and consumables. Such procedures can be bottlenecks regarding cost, throughput, and greenness. This is also the case for analysis of new approach methodologies (NAMs) such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip systems. In this context, approaches tailored for measuring drugs in NAM-related cell culture media (CCM) are being developed. For mass spectrometry-based analysis, automated filtration/filter backflush solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography AFFL-SPE-LC is utilized. Case studies have shown that the "AFFL

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications.

This study investigated the feasibility of using Peucedanum ostruthium leaves, typically regarded as waste, as a substitute for the widely used rhizome. To identify the optimal parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. ostruthium leaves, we used Box-Behnken design in combination with response surface methodology. The optimal parameters were as follows: ethanol, 80%; extraction temperature, 61.0°C; ultrasonication duration, 35.5 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 20; and ultrasonic power, 249 W. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the inhibition of extracellular tyrosinase activity