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Optimizing computational prediction of shrimp-WSSV protein interactions through integration of homology- and topology-based predictions.

Understanding and predicting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between Penaeus vannamei and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is essential for elucidating viral infection mechanisms and developing antiviral strategies in shrimp aquaculture. Traditional experimental methods and classical homology-based computational approaches such as STRING have been used to identify shrimp-WSSV PPIs, but both face inherent limitations in accuracy and scalability. Recently, the breakthrough of AlphaFold3 has enabled PPI prediction from the perspective of complex structures, although its performance requires s

Computational prediction of Homo sapiens-Candida albicans protein-protein interactions reveal key virulence factors using dual RNA-Seq data analysis.

A prevalent pathobiont, Candida albicans, accounts for approximately 70% of fungal infections worldwide owing to its virulence traits that culminate in devastating fatalities within healthcare facilities. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between Homo sapiens and C. albicans play a pivotal role in infection and disease progression. Additionally, scarcity of information on H. sapiens-C. albicans protein-protein interactions makes it difficult to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying infection and host immune responses. Investigating these PPIs can provide crucial insights into host-p

Mapping the Protein Phosphatase 1 Interactome in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulatory mechanism in cellular homeostasis. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) incorporates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) into its tegument, yet the biological relevance and mechanisms of this incorporation remain unclear. Our study offers the first characterization of the PP1 interactome during HCMV infection and its alterations. Using co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and quantitative proteomics, we identified 159 high-confidence interacting proteins (HCIPs) in the PP1 interactome, consisting of 126 human and 33 viral proteins. We observed signific

Crosstalk at the initial encounter: interplay between host defense and ameba survival strategies.

The host-parasite relationship is based on a series of interplays between host defense mechanisms and parasite survival strategies. Progress has been made in understanding the role of host immune response in amebiasis. While host cells elaborate diverse mechanisms for pathogen expulsion, amebae have also developed complex strategies to modulate host immune response and facilitate their own survival. This paper will give an overview of current research on the mutual interactions between host and Entamoeba histolytica in human and experimental amebiasis. Understanding this crosstalk is crucial f

Chlamidia trachomatis Cellular Exit Alters Взаимодействие с Dendritic Cells.

Стратегии, используемые патогенами для выхода из принимающих клеток, представляют собой область патогенеза, которой удивительно мало внимания, учитывая необходимость этого шага для распространения инфекций. Еще меньше известно о том, как выход через эти пути влияет на взаимодействие хостинг-патоген и формирование иммунной реакции. Хламидия трахоматис выводит эпителиальные клетки с помощью двух одинаково активных механизмов: лиза и экструзия. Исследования характеризуют результаты взаимодействия между врожденными иммунными клетками, такими, как дендритные клетки и макрофаги, и бесплатными внекле

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The strategies utilized by pathogens to exit host cells are an area of pathogenesis which has received surprisingly little attention, considering the necessity of this step for infections to propagate. Even less is known about how exit through these pathways affects downstream host-pathogen interactions and the generation of an immune response. Chlamydia tra…

Candida albicans aspartyl protease (Sap6) inhibits neutrophil function via a "Trojan horse" mechanism.

Candida albicans, a prevalent fungal pathogen, employs aspartyl proteases such as Sap6 to evade immune defenses, challenging our understanding of host‒pathogen interactions. This research examined the impact of Sap6 on neutrophil responses, which are crucial for innate immunity. Employing flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we explored how Sap6 affects neutrophil functions, particularly by focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil extracellular traps release (NETosis), and apoptosis. Our findings revealed Sap6's unique ability to bind and internalize in neutrophi

Epitope Tagging and Coimmunoprecipitation to Identify Viral Protein Interactors.

Affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) is a powerful proteomic approach for dissecting the interaction network between virus and host. Traditional AP-MS employs overexpression of viral proteins as baits to enrich host interactors. However, overexpressed viral proteins may mislocalize to inappropriate cellular compartments and trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress by overwhelming the protein-folding machinery, which leads to false identification of host factors. To overcome these limitations, we introduce an AP-MS strategy based on direct infection with an epitope-tagged chikungunya vir

Influence of Iron on the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer.

Perturbations of the colonic microbiota can contribute to the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer, leading to an increase in pathogenic bacteria at the expense of protective bacteria. This can contribute to disease through increasing carcinogenic metabolite/toxin production, inducing inflammation, and activating oncogenic signaling. To limit disease progression, external factors that may influence the colonic microbiota need to be considered in patients with colorectal cancer. One major factor that can influence the colonic microbiota is iron. Iron is an essential micronutrient tha

Current knowledge and perspectives of potential impacts of Salmonella enterica on the profile of the gut microbiota.

In the past decade, the initial studies of the gut microbiota started focusing on the correlation of the composition of the gut microbiota and the health or diseases of the host, and there are extensive literature reviews pertaining to this theme. However, little is known about the association between the microbiota, the host, and pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, which is among the most important foodborne pathogens and identified as the source of multiple outbreaks linked to contaminated foods causing salmonellosis. Secretion systems, flagella, fimbriae, endotoxins, and exoto

Identification and characterization of Paracoccidioides lutzii proteins interacting with macrophages.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus, is a systemic disorder that involves the lungs and other organs. The adherence of pathogenic microorganisms to host tissues is an essential event in the onset of colonization and spread. The host-pathogen interaction is a complex interplay between the defense mechanisms of the host and the efforts of pathogenic microorganisms to colonize it. Therefore, the identification of fungi proteins interacting with host proteins is an important step understanding the survival strategies of the fungus within the

Visualizing the immune response to pathogens.

Advances in immune visualization have enabled the physical tracking of immune responses in vivo. The adaptation of such technology to models of infectious disease holds the promise of a more detailed analysis of host-pathogen interactions in a natural setting. However, the visualization of pathogen-specific immune responses in vivo confronts challenges that are inherent to the study of infectious disease systems. Recent attempts to track pathogen-specific immune responses in vivo validate the usefulness and underline the complexity of this experimental strategy.

Alveolar macrophage and glycoprotein responses to Pneumocystis carinii.

Pneumocystis carinii continues to represent an important complication of immunosuppression in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, hematological and solid malignancies, organ transplantation, and during corticosteroid and cytotoxic therapy for inflammatory disorders. Although host defenses against this organism center around CD4 lymphocytic function, additional immune mediators in the alveolar spaces contribute substantially to host recognition and elimination of P. carinii. In particular, this review considers the interactions of P. carinii with alveolar macrophages, adhesive gl

The pathology of brucellosis reflects the outcome of the battle between the host genome and the Brucella genome.

The successful co-existence of each Brucella spp. with its preferred host is the outcome of ancient co-evolutionary relationships and selection pressures that often result in a stalemate where the pathogen has evolved to survive within the biological systems of the host, and the host has evolved innate and acquired immune systems which allow controlled survival of infection by the pathogen, ultimately supporting the survival of the host-pathogen system. In general, Brucella spp. have evolved a similar fundamental pathogenesis of facultative intracellular parasitism though the predominant route

Introduction, Spread, and Establishment of West Nile Virus in the Americas.

The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to North America in 1999 and its subsequent rapid spread across the Americas demonstrated the potential impact of arboviral introductions to new regions, and this was reinforced by the subsequent introductions of chikungunya and Zika viruses. Extensive studies of host-pathogen-vector-environment interactions over the past two decades have illuminated many aspects of the ecology and evolution of WNV and other arboviruses, including the potential for pathogen adaptation to hosts and vectors, the influence of climate, land use and host immunity on transmi

Receptors and host factors: key players in human metapneumovirus infection.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant global pathogen that causes acute respiratory tract infections, especially in infants, young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its increasing prevalence, there are currently no vaccines or effective treatments available for hMPV. The pathogenesis of hMPV infection is a complex process involving a multitude of host factors and viral receptors. These interactions determine the virus ability to enter host cells, replicate, and evade the immune response. This review is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the

Shigella flexneri infection in Caenorhabditis elegans: cytopathological examination and identification of host responses.

The Gram-negative bacterium Shigella flexneri is the causative agent of shigellosis, a diarrhoeal disease also known as bacillary dysentery. S. flexneri infects the colonic and rectal epithelia of its primate host and induces a cascade of inflammatory responses that culminates in the destruction of the host intestinal lining. Molecular characterization of host-pathogen interactions in this infection has been challenging due to the host specificity of S. flexneri strains, as it strictly infects humans and non-human primates. Recent studies have shown that S. flexneri infects the soil dwelling n…

Wall Teichoic Acid in Staphylococcus aureus Host Interaction.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic human pathogen that frequently causes disease in community and hospital settings. Nasal colonization is an important risk factor for developing invasive disease. Cell wall-associated glycopolymers called wall teichoic acids (WTAs) contribute to efficient nasal colonization by S. aureus. In addition, WTAs are key targets of the host immune system due to their accessibility and high abundance on the S. aureus cell surface. In this review we discuss the new insights into interactions between the host and S. aureus WTA and the implications of these in

Disruption of Vector Host Preference with Plant Volatiles May Reduce Spread of Insect-Transmitted Plant Pathogens.

Plant pathogens can manipulate the odor of their host; the odor of an infected plant is often attractive to the plant pathogen vector. It has been suggested that this odor-mediated manipulation attracts vectors and may contribute to spread of disease; however, this requires further broad demonstration among vector-pathogen systems. In addition, disruption of this indirect chemical communication between the pathogen and the vector has not been attempted. We present a model that demonstrates how a phytophathogen (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) can increase its spread by indirectly manipulati

New insights into a complex fungal pathogen: the case of Paracoccidioides spp.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America, with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii being the causal agents of this disorder. Several issues have been raised in the 100 years since its discovery and in this article we discuss features of this fascinating fungal pathogen, including its biology, eco-epidemiology and aspects of its pathogenicity. We also consider some of its virulence determinants, the most recent advances in the study of its metabolic pathways and the molecular and genetic research tools developed for this research. We also review the animal m

Deletion of ppe27 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG augments macrophage immune responses during infection.

Mycobacterial infection induces dynamic transcriptional changes in both the host and pathogen. In slow-growing mycobacteria, the ESX-5 secre … ys an important role in resistance to macrophage-induced cytotoxicity. However, its function during host-pathogen interactions remains poorly defined. To elucidate the function of PPE27, we generated a ppe27 deletion mutant of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG∆ppe27) and performed RNA-seq to simultaneously profile host and bacterial transcriptional responses …