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Dual COX-2/TNF-α Inhibitors as Promising Anti-inflammatory and Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: A Review.

Cyclooxygenases (COX) play a pivotal role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Two types of COXs have been identified as key biological targets for drug design: Constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target COX-1, while selective COX-2 inhibitors are designed for COX-2. These COX isoforms are involved in multiple physiological and pathological pathways throughout the body. Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a role in COX-2's inflammatory activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha can c

Modulating epigenetic modifications for cancer therapy (Review).

Cancer is a global public health concern. Alterations in epigenetic processes are among the earliest genomic aberrations occurring during cancer development and are closely related to progression. Unlike genetic mutations, aberrations in epigenetic processes are reversible, which opens the possibility for novel pharmacological treatments. Non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent an essential epigenetic mechanism, and emerging evidence links ncRNAs to carcinogenesis. Epigenetic drugs (epidrugs) are a group of promising target therapies for cancer treatment acting as coadjuvants to reverse drug resist

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… LI Mandal SS Bisphenol-A and diethylstilbestrol exposure induces the expression of breast cancer associated long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in vitro and in vivo J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 141 160 170 2014 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.002 24533973 PMC4025971 208 Simonson B Das S MicroRNA therapeutics: The next magic …

Cancer Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Biomarkers of Response and Toxicity; Current Limitations and Future Promise.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that are used to treat over one in three cancer patients. While they have changed the natural history of disease, prolonging life and preserving quality of life, they are highly active in less than 40% of patients, even in the most responsive malignancies such as melanoma, and cause significant autoimmune side effects. Licenced biomarkers include tumour Programmed Death Ligand 1 expression by immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability, and tumour mutational burden, none of which are particularly sensitive or specific. Emerging tumour

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… Anti-TNF, a magic bullet in cancer immunotherapy? J. Immunother. Cancer. 2019;7:303. doi: 10.1186/s40425-019-0802-y. 14. Alvarez M., Otano I., Minute L., Ochoa M.C., Perez-Ruiz E., Melero I., Berraondo P. …

Present and Future Role of Immune Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

It is now well known that the bone marrow (BM) cell niche contributes to leukemogenesis, but emerging data support the role of the complex crosstalk between AML cells and the BM microenvironment to induce a permissive immune setting that protects leukemic stem cells (LSCs) from therapy-induced death, thus favoring disease persistence and eventual relapse. The identification of potential immune targets on AML cells and the modulation of the BM environment could lead to enhanced anti-leukemic effects of drugs, immune system reactivation, and the restoration of AML surveillance. Potential targets

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… Despite interesting preliminary data, we are far from having a “magic bullet” to eradicate leukemia cells. …

Systematic literature review of IL-6 as a biomarker or treatment target in patients with gastric, bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is a major health problem. Patients with gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, bile duct and gall bladder cancer often have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and are generally difficult to cure, resulting in a dismal prognosis for most patients. Inflammation plays an important role in the development and growth of cancer, which has led to a growing interest in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). The aim of the present review was to evaluate the clinical use of IL-6 as a biomarker or therapeutic target in patients with GI cancer. We did a systemat

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… Neutralizing tumor-promoting chronic inflammation: a magic bullet? Science. 2013;339:286–291. doi: 10.1126/science.1232227. 125. Palucka AK, Coussens LM. The Basis of Oncoimmunology. Cell. 2016;164:1233–1247. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.049. 126. …

The trinity of T cell engagement: navigating the molecular and clinical landscape of CAR-T, TILs, and TCEs in the war against cancer.

The advent of cancer immunotherapy has fundamentally restructured the oncological paradigm, moving away from agents that directly target tumor cell kinetics toward strategies that empower the host immune system to recognize and eliminate malignancy. Central to this revolution is the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), now harnessed as a potent "living drug" through engineered and naturally selected modalities. This review provides a critical, in-depth examination of the three dominant pillars of T cell-driven therapies: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte

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… Ultimately, the future of cancer eradication will not rely on a singular immunological magic bullet, but on the orchestrated, synergistic deployment of the entire T cell armamentarium, dynamically tailored to the precise spatiotemporal complexity of both the malignancy and the host immune system. …

Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting-A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collecte

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… Paul Ehrlich’s magic bullet concept: 100 years of progress Nature Reviews Cancer 2008 8 473 480 10.1038/nrc2394 2-s2.0-44449085539 18469827 2 Sung H. Ferlay J. Siegel R. L. …

Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening.

Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are sti

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… Magic bullet: Paul Ehrlich, Salvarsan and the birth of venereology Sex. Transm. Infect. 2015 91 68 69 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051779 25609467 PMC4318855 6. Otten H. Domagk and the development of the sulphonamides J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1986 17 689 690 10.1093/jac/17.6.689 3525495 7. Iyer H.V. …

Next-generation CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: bridging innovation with clinical translation.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk hematologic malignancy with poor long-term survival and frequent relapse, sustained by leukemic stem cells, antigenic heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive bone marrow niche. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy achieves durable responses in B-cell malignancies, its application in AML is restricted by on-target myelotoxicity from antigen overlap with normal progenitors, heterogeneous and dynamic antigen expression, rapid T-cell exhaustion in suppressive microenvironments, limited manufacturing windows with compromised T-cell qual

Chemokines: humble yet mighty players in the tumour microenvironment.

Chemokines are tiny chemotactic cytokines which play a crucial role in pathophysiology by maintaining homeostasis and inflammation. Their role in the tumour microenvironment is very much puzzling because of both pro- and anti-tumourigenic effects. Chemokines have gained much attention today, since it has been recognized that they are game changers in the TME via controlling immune cell recruitment, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumour growth and drug resistance. In this review, we are exploring the role of several chemokines and their receptors in the TME with special focus on immune cell recruitm

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… Anti-angiogenesis in cancer therapeutics: the magic bullet. J Egypt Natl Cancer Inst. (2021) 33:15. doi: 10.1186/s43046-021-00072-6, PMID: 63. Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. …

Immunotherapy for precision medicine in colorectal cancer.

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The implementation of CRC screening has decreased CRC incidence in adults older than 65 years. However, among young adults who experience more aggressive disease progression, CRC incidence has been increasing for decades. Immunotherapy represents a collection of innovative and promising approaches with greater efficacy and safety. In this review, we discuss modalities and selected targets of immunotherapies for CRCs that are guided by precision medicine.Ar

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… Monoclonal antibodies as magic bullets . Pharm Res . 1988 ; 5 ( 1 ): 1 – 9 . doi: 10.1023/A:1015860525341 3072552 37. Delgado M , Garcia-Sanz JA . Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against cancer: present and future . …

The Role of the CCR5 Receptor in Neuropathic Pain Modulation: Current Insights and Therapeutic Implications.

Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition arising from injury or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, is characterized by persistent hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain. The chemokine receptor CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) has recently been identified as a critical mediator in neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain signaling pathways. Expressed on immune cells and neurons, CCR5 regulates immune cell recruitment and activation, thereby contributing to neuronal sensitization and maintenance of pain states. This review examines the currently characterized molecular mechanisms th

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… Legacy of a magic gene-CCR5-∆32: From discovery to clinical benefit in a generation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2024;121:e2321907121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2321907121. 83. …

miR-135b: A key role in cancer biology and therapeutic targets.

miR-135b, a microRNA, is consistently up-regulated in various cancer tissues and cells, promoting cancer progression. By inhibiting one or more target genes, miR-135b regulates phenotypes such as cancer growth, apoptosis, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and angiogenesis, establishing it as a critical driver of cancer progression. Additionally, miR-135b is regulated by various oncogenes and therapeutic drugs, highlighting its complexity and therapeutic potential. Significant progress has been made in understanding miR-135b's impact on cancer cell behavior, establishing it as a promising b

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… Magic Z. Stankovic A. Supic G. MicroRNA meta-signature of oral cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis Upsala J. Med. Sci. 123 1 2018 43 49 29482431 10.1080/03009734.2018.1439551 PMC5901467 140 Stojkovic G. Jovanovic I. Dimitrijevic M. Jovanovic J. Tomanovic N. Stankovic A. Arsovic N. Boricic I. …

Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy h

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… The Magic Glue Hyaluronan and Its Eraser Hyaluronidase: A Biological Overview Life Sci. 2007 80 1921 1943 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.02.037 17408700 32. Saavalainen K. Pasonen-Seppänen S. Dunlop T.W. Tammi R. Tammi M.I. Carlberg C. …

Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials.

Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. The growing interest in mycotherapy requires a strong commitment from the scientific community to expand clinical trials and to propose supplements of safe origin and genetic purity. Bioactive compounds of

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… Coriolus versicolor , commonly known as tunzhi in China or turkey tail, has always been used as a “magic herb” in Asian regions and particularly in China, where ancient formulations based on this mushroom have been and are still widely used to promote good health, strength, and longevity [ 10 , 11 ]. …

Свойства антиракера ВИЧ-ингибатора Нелфинавира.

Традиционные методы лечения рака могут потерять свою эффективность после появления новых мутации или развития химиотерапии. Несвоевременная диагностика, высокая стоимость лечения и потребность в высокоэффективной инфраструктуре для лечения раковых заболеваний затрудняют доступ к надлежащему лечению в условиях с низким уровнем доходов и ограниченными ресурсами. Переориентация утвержденных лекарственных средств на лечение рака может привести к снижению стоимости и сокращению сроков разработки новых лекарственных средств и к ускорению появления новых и эффективных вариантов лечения для нуждающихс

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… Nelfinavir: A magic bullet to annihilate cancer cells? Cancer Biol. Ther. 2009 8 233 235 10.4161/cbt.8.3.7789 19333009 17. Xie L. Evangelidis T. Xie L. Bourne P.E. …

Уникальные диагностические и терапевтические функции порфиринов и фтальокянинов в области фотодинамической терапии, визуализации и термостимы.

Порфиринические молекулы играют уникальную тераностическую роль в лечении болезней; они используются для отображения, обнаружения и лечения различных форм заболевших тканей, в том числе в связи с возрастной маркулярной дегенерацией и рядом различных видов рака. В настоящее время основное внимание уделяется клинической съемке опухолей; целенаправленной доставке фотосенитеров и потенциалу фотоэнцедентов в мультимодальных биомедицинских наноплатформах. В настоящем Обзоре подчеркиваются роли порфириновых молекул в области съемки и пдта, а также исследования по совершенствованию их селективного пог

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… One such set of examples are the photosensitiser bioconjugates which contain a receptor-targeting moiety (and a photosensitiser): a move that is in line with the “magic bullet” theory suggested in the early 20th century by Paul Ehrlich 121 . … Additional targeting and localising biomolecules have been employed in targeting therapy to achieve the “magic bullet” notion. …

Unlocking the potential of tumor-targeting peptides in precision oncology.

Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy, which is often plagued by poor selectivity, off-target effects, and drug resistance. Among the various targeting agents in development, peptides stand out for their unique advantages, including minimal immunogenicity, high tissue penetration, and ease of modification. Their small size, specificity, and flexibility allow them to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue selectively. Peptide-based therapies have shown great potential in enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery, improvi

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… Monoclonal antibodies: from magic bullet to precision weapon . Mol Biomed . 2024 ; 5 ( 1 ): 1 – 44 . doi: 10.1186/s43556-024-00210-1 ; 39390211 PMC11467159 12. Swain SM , Shastry M , Hamilton E . Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions . …

Bi- and trispecific immune cell engagers for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies.

Immune cell engagers are engineered antibodies with at least one arm binding a tumor-associated antigen and at least another one directed against an activating receptor in immune effector cells: CD3 for recruitment of T cells and CD16a for NK cells. The first T cell engager (the anti-CD19 blinatumomab) was approved by the FDA in 2014, but no other one hit the market until 2022. Now the field is gaining momentum, with three approvals in 2022 and 2023 (as of May): the anti-CD20 × anti-CD3 mosunetuzumab and epcoritamab and the anti-B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) × anti-CD3 teclistamab, and anot

Immunotherapies for pediatric cancer: current landscape and future perspectives.

The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized how we manage and treat cancer. While the majority of immunotherapy-related studies performed to date have focused on adult malignancies, a handful of these therapies have also recently found success within the pediatric space. In this review, we examine the immunotherapeutic agents that have achieved the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration for treating childhood cancers, highlighting their development, mechanisms of action, and the lessons learned from the seminal clinical trials that ultimately led to their approval. We also shine a

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… While there is likely no “magic bullet” solution to these issues on the horizon, combining multiple immunotherapies is one strategy that may help mitigate some of the challenges facing pediatric cancer immunotherapy. …