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Pioglitazone modulates metabolic adaptation and peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.

Peripheral nerves have an intrinsic capacity for regeneration after traumatic injury, with Schwann cells (SCs) playing a central role in orc … had taken place when PIO administration started. There, PIO promoted axonal regeneration, enhanced remyelination, and improved functional recovery. Importantly, PIO treatment increased mitochondrial content in neurons and SCs. In addition, delayed application of PIO induced lipid metabolism, glycolysis and ATP production in SCs, leading to the assumption that …

Microenvironment-modulating hyaluronic acid-tannic acid hydrogel for peripheral nerve injury repair.

Peripheral nerve injury typically results in the loss of nervous tissues and motor and sensory functions, leading to serious clinical compli … ry, significantly reduced muscular atrophy, protected neuronal, and enhanced nerve regeneration and remyelination. Additionally, the HPTA@MeCbl hydrogel, loaded with a therapeutic agent methylcobalamin (MeCbl), showed enhanced treatment of damaged nerves through gradually releasing MeCbl at the injury site. Animal studies demonstrated that HPTA@MeCbl hydrogel s …

MicroBiota-Derived SCFAs in Multial Sclerosis: от иммунного приминга до нейродегенерации.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое нервно-воспалительное и нейродегенеративное расстройство, характеризующееся обезвоживанием, аксоновым повреждением и широкомасштабным нарушением целостности центральной нервной системы (КНС). Клинически неоднородные и часто представленные в молодом возрасте, особенно среди женщин-МС, проявляются с нарушениями двигательных установок, когнитивными нарушениями, депрессией, усталостью, сексуальными и сенсорными дисфункциями и автономными нарушениями. Несмотря на достижения в иммунотерапии, в том числе в области борьбы с заболеваниями и моноклональными антит

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by demyelination, axona … tolerance; in relapsing-remitting MS, they modulate T cell differentiation, cytokine profiles, and remyelination processes; and in progressive MS, they support mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and influence neuroglial dynamics. While SCFAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and adjunctive therapeutic targets, their context-dependent, bidirec …

FGF21 Alleviates Hypoxic-Ischemic White Matter Injury in Neonatal Mice by Mediating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Through PPAR-γ Signaling Pathway.

White matter injury (WMI), the most common type of brain damage in infants born preterm, is characterized by failure in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and myelination, thereby contributing to long-term neurological impairments. Regrettably, effective therapies for promoting remyelination and improving function are currently lacking for this growing population affected by WMI. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF) 21 modulated microglial activation and then ameliorated brain damage and improved neurological deficits in several central nervous system diseases. However, t…

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy essentials: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects approximately 6-34% of all patients with diabetes. DPN-induce … ain in their feet consisting of tingling, burning, and prickling, followed by initial demyelination/remyelination of large fibers. DPN is characterized by a pattern of distal-to-proximal axonal loss with symptoms. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are the primary causes of DPN in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, respectively. The pattern of pain from DPN is de …

Diffusion tensor imaging changes of the cortico-thalamic-striatal tracts correlate with fatigue and disability in people with relapsing-remitting MS.

PURPOSE: To investigate how the microstructural neural integrity of cortico-thalamic-striatal (CTS) tracts correlate with fatigue and disabi … ned tracts. Measuring diffusivity in pw-RRMS affected tracts might be a relevant measure for future remyelination clinical trials.

Enhancement of nerve regeneration through schwann cell-mediated healing in a 3D printed polyacrylonitrile conduit incorporating hydrogel and graphene quantum dots: a study on rat sciatic nerve injury model.

Despite recent technological advancements, effective healing from sciatic nerve damage remains inadequate. Cell-based therapies offer a prom … e other groups. Histological results showed that this group had significantly more axon numbers and remyelination than others. Our findings suggest that the conduit/schwann approach has the potential to improve nerve regeneration in peripheral nerve injuries, with future therapeutic implications.

Initial Impairment and Recovery of Vision-Related Functioning in Participants With Acute Optic Neuritis From the RENEW Trial of Opicinumab.

BACKGROUND: Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing Nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) is a key suppressor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal remyelination and regeneration. This analysis evaluated the potential benefit of opicinumab, a human monoclonal antibody against LINGO-1, vs placebo on exploratory clinical endpoints of patient-reported vision-related functioning and high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) in RENEW participants with acute optic neuritis (AON). METHODS: Participants were randomized to 100 mg/kg opicinumab intravenous or placebo every 4 w…

Evaluation of the Crushed Sciatic Nerve and Denervated Muscle with Multimodality Ultrasound Techniques: An Animal Study.

This study was aimed at evaluating the value of multimodality ultrasound techniques in the detection of crushed sciatic nerve and denervated … obvious collagen hyperplasia and poor regenerated microvascular and sparse axonal regeneration and remyelination. Compared with that of the control group, the elastic modulus of the denervated muscle significantly increased (p < 0.05), which may be related to the increased intramuscular collagen (p < 0.01) and decreased muscle fiber cross-sectional area (p < 0 …

Multiple sclerosis-like diagnosis as a complication of previously treated malaria in an iron and vitamin D deficient Nigerian patient.

In contrast to malaria, multiple sclerosis (MS) is infrequently found in Black Africans. We describe a 29 year old Nigerian female who devel … p investigations may be suggested, such as whole exome sequencing in selected cases, to ensure that remyelination and restoration of function are achieved.

Trigeminal nerve injury ErbB3/ErbB2 promotes mechanical hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Chronic constriction injury of the trigeminal infraorbital nerve results in transient analgesia followed by whisker pad mechanical allodynia in rats. Neuregulin 1 expressed on axonal membranes binds receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB, promoting Schwann cell development and remyelination. This study investigated whether orofacial mechanical allodynia is signaled by ErbB3-ErbB2 heterodimers in injured nerves. METHODS: Whisker pad mechanical allodynia (von Frey stimuli) was quantified in wild type rats and in transgenic rats with Sleeping Beauty transposon mutation for neuregulin 1 transg…

Stem cells today: A. Origin and potential of embryo stem cells.

The study of embryo stem cells began in 1963, initially using disaggregates of cleaving rabbit and mouse embryos. Their differentiation in v … . No signs of inflammation or tissue damage were noted; injured tissues could be repaired including remyelination, and no cancers were formed. ES cells offer wide therapeutic potentials for humans, although extensive clinical trials are still awaited.

Recombinant human glial growth factor 2 (rhGGF2) improves functional recovery of crushed peripheral nerve (a double-blind study).

This in vivo double-blind study evaluated the effect of recombinant human glial growth factor 2 (rhGGF2), a Schwann cell mitogen, on the rec … ssment indicated that the rhGGF2-treated animals showed less severe degeneration and earlier robust remyelination of axons than controls. The results suggest that treatment with rhGGF2 is effective in promoting nerve regeneration as seen in measurements of functional recovery and qualitative assessment of nerve morphology. The mechanism of GGF's protective effe …

Electrical stimulation promotes regeneration and re-myelination of axons of injured facial nerve in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on the nerve regeneration and functional recovery of facial expression muscles in facial nerve defect rats. Methods Sixty rats were surgically introduced with a 1-cm defect on the right facial nerves and evenly divided into the Surgery group (Group A, the main trunk of the right facial nerve was surgically cut-off with a 1.0 cm at the foramina stylomastoideum) and the Surgery + ES group (Group B). Twenty normal rats were as normal control group (without receiving surgery or ES). For rats in group B, the orbicularis oris muscle

Sex differences in progressive multiple sclerosis brain gene expression in oligodendrocytes and OPCs.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological autoimmune disease with sex-imbalanced incidence; in the USA, the disease is more likely to affect fema … te progenitors in females may indicate an environment more primed for repair, potentially including remyelination. This could contribute to the disparity in etiology in females versus males.

Thyroid auto-antibodies in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients: A cross sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been proposed that autoimmune conditions may occur together and an individual's immune system may attack more than one system. Autoimmune thyroid disease is one of the most common comorbidities along with MS. Since thyroid hormones are crucial for normal brain function and remyelination, we aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in a group of MS patients compared with healthy controls. METHODS: This cross-sec…

Icariin ameliorates the cuprizone-induced demyelination associated with antioxidation and anti-inflammation.

The treatment of immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis (MS) can alleviate the severity and relapses. However, it cannot improve the neurological disability of patients due to a lack of myelin protection and regeneration. Therefore, remyelinating therapies may be one of the feasible strategies that can prevent axonal degeneration and restore neurological disability. Natural product icariin (ICA) is a flavonol compound extracted from epimedium flavonoids, which has neuroprotective effects in several models of neurological diseases. Here, we attempt to explore whether ICA has the potential to tr

Epigenomic Regulation of Schwann Cell Reprogramming in Peripheral Nerve Injury.

UNLABELLED: The rapid and dynamic transcriptional changes of Schwann cells in response to injury are critical to peripheral nerve repair, ye … ng means to enhance Schwann cell reprogramming after nerve injury could be used to foster effective remyelination in the treatment of demyelinating disorders and in identifying pathways involved in regenerative process of myelination. Although recent progress has identified transcriptional determinants of successful reprogramming of the Schwann cell transcripto …

The MMP-9/TIMP-1 axis controls the status of differentiation and function of myelin-forming Schwann cells in nerve regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Myelinating Schwann cells (mSCs) form myelin in the peripheral nervous system. Because of the works by us and others, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has recently emerged as an essential component of the Schwann cell signaling network during sciatic nerve regeneration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study, using the genome-wide transcriptional profiling of normal and injured sciatic nerves in mice followed by extensive bioinformatics analyses of the data, we determined that an endogenous, specific MMP-9 inhibitor [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1]

Evolution of high-intensity basal ganglia lesions on T1-weighted MR in neurofibromatosis type 1.

PURPOSE: To characterize the temporal evolution of the foci of T1 shortening in basal ganglia lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis typ … o not appear to regress over periods as long as 90 months. Possible causes of the T1 shortening are remyelination and calcification.