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Behavioral pain scale may not be reliable in awake non-verbal intensive care patients: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of pain in patients, unable of oral communication, often relies on behavioral assessment. However, some critically ill patients, while non-verbal, are awake and have some potential for self-reporting. The objective was to compare the results of a behavioral pain assessment with self-reporting in awake, non-verbal, critically ill patients unable to use low-tech augmentative and alternative communication tools. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of intubated or tracheotomized adult, ventilated patients with a RASS (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale) of -1 to + 1 and in

Self-reported Mobility in Older Patients Predicts Early Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Noncardiac Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Specific geriatric assessment tools may complement traditional perioperative risk stratification. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether self-reported mobility is predictive of postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. METHODS: Patients aged 69 yr or older (n = 197) underwent (1) traditional risk assessments (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and Revised Cardiac Risk Index), (2) five-point frailty evaluation, (3) self-reported mobility assessment using the Mobility Assessment Tool-short form (range, 3

Patient assessment and feasibility of treatment in older patients with cancer: results from the IN-GHO® Registry.

PurposePredicting feasibility of treatment in older patients with cancer is a major clinical task. The Initiative Geriatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie (IN-GHO®) registry prospectively collected data on the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), physician's and patient's-self assessment of fitness for treatment, and the course of treatment in patients within a treatment decision aged ≥ 70 years.Patients and methodsThe registry included 3169 patients from 93 centres and evaluated clinical course and treatment outcomes 2-3 and 6 months after initial assessment. Fitness for treatment was clas

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… Furthermore, physicians, unaware of the results of the geriatric assessment, were asked to subjectively categorize patients’ fitness for treatment into one of three categories (“fit”, “compromised”, or “frail”), and patients’ self-assessment of resilience to stress in categories from 1 (“very resilient … Patients’ self-assessment of resilience to stress was as follows: good and sufficient resilience reported 20.4% and 31.9% of patients, respectively (combined: 52.3%), limited and clearly limited resilience reported 28.4% and 14.0% of patients, respectively (combined: 42.4%), and severely limited resilience …

Robot-Assisted Training as Self-Training for Upper-Limb Hemiplegia in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine whether robotic self-training improved upper-extremity function versus conventional self-training in mild-to-moderate hemiplegic chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Study design was a multi-center, prospective, randomized, parallel-group study comparing three therapist-guided interventions (1-hour sessions, 3×/wk, 10 weeks). We identified 161 prospective patients with chronic, poststroke, upper-limb hemiplegia treated at participating rehabilitation centers. Patients were enrolled between November 29, 2016, and November 12, 2018 in Japan. A blinded web-ba

Cognitive assessment of voices: further developments in understanding the emotional impact of voices.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines cognitive behavioural assessment of auditory hallucinations ('voices') in people with psychoses. It aims to compare findings with previous work and validate the Assessment of Voices Schedule (Chadwick & Birchwood, 1994). Data were collected on appraisals of voices in relation to the self. It was hypothesized that self-appraisals may be a further factor in understanding the emotional impact of voices. DESIGN: A replication study where data were collected from a new sample of participants and compared with a previous independent sample. METHOD: Voices of 30 pati

First Psychometric Evaluation of the English Version of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning (STiP-5.1).

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders provides a dimensional framework for the conceptualization of personality disorders where Criterion A concerns the assessment of one's level of personality functioning (LPF). This study examines the psychometric properties of the English translation of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning (STiP-5.1) to validate this translation for the assessment of LPF in English-speaking populations; and examine whether this measure increments self-report measures of LPF and personality pathology in predicting general functioning. The sampl

Memory impairment following intentional self-poisoning with benzodiazepines: Should we pay more attention to attention?

STUDY HYPOTHESIS: In cases where patients attempt suicide through intentional self-poisoning, they often ingest drugs such as benzodiazepines that alter the central nervous system and memory. This is problematic, given that experts recommend the recovery of a patient's cognitive capacity before any psychiatric assessment is conducted. A previous pilot study by our group showed that cognitive tests focusing on attention are the most valuable when it comes to determining whether sufficient cognitive recovery has occurred to ensure that patients will remember the assessment after intentional self

Understanding heterogeneity in social anxiety disorder: dependency and self-criticism moderate fear responses to interpersonal cues.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how the personality traits of self-criticism and dependency moderated the effects of situational interpersonal cues on fear during interpersonal interactions among individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). We hypothesized that self-criticism would moderate the fear-inducing effects of situational self-consciousness and that dependency would moderate the fear-inducing effects of situational emotional insecurity. METHODS: Forty SAD patients (Mage = 29.23) and matched community controls (Mage = 28.93) completed event-contingent record forms after each signifi

Explanatory models of self-understanding in adolescents born with spina bifida.

The author used phenomenological (interpretive) ethnography to uncover how living with physical disability shapes self-understanding (identity) in adolescents born with spina bifida. She conducted multiple in-depth interviews with 11 late-stage adolescents (ages 18 to 24 years). Analysis of their narrative accounts illustrated differences with respect to how study participants understand and experience physical disability and its attached meanings in relation to self-understanding. Study participants took up (claimed) disability in three primary ways: identity as overcoming disability, identit

Self-reported nap behavior and polysomnography at home in midlife women with and without insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe self-reported nap behavior and relationships among nap history, nap behavior during the study, indicators of subjective and objective insomnia, and self-reported daytime sleepiness from data previously obtained in a week-long field study of sleep in midlife women with and without insomnia. DESIGN: Descriptive/comparative secondary analysis. SETTING: Individual homes of the participants. PARTICIPANTS: Midlife women (mean age 46+/-4 years) with self-reported insomnia (n=101) and women with adequate sleep (n=30). INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sle

The Social Phobia Inventory: validity and reliability in an adolescent community sample.

Social anxiety disorder and social anxiety are highly prevalent psychological conditions in youth. Because of the known risks associated with the spectrum of social anxiety in youth, early detection with valid and reliable assessment measures is imperative. Self-report measures have become the most widely used method of assessment for child and adolescent social anxiety. Because research to date on self-report measures of social anxiety disorder in adolescents is limited, the primary objective of the present study was to contribute to the literature by examining the validity and reliability of

The use of dextromethorphan to treat repetitive self-directed scratching, biting, or chewing in dogs with allergic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral dextromethorphan in dogs with a repetitive behavior problem (self-licking, self-chewing, and self-biting associated with chronic allergic dermatitis). ANIMALS: Fourteen dogs with chronic allergic dermatitis were enrolled in the study. Twelve dogs completed the study. PROCEDURE: The dogs were treated for 2 weeks each with dextromethorphan (2 mg/kg BID) and placebo in a randomized, double blind, crossover designed study. A dermatology score, including an assessment of affected areas of the integument and the level of self-directed behavior, was gener

Multicenter study of piroxicam in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal diseases involving 3011 patients.

An open non-comparative study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of piroxicam in patients with acute musculoskeletal disease. A total of 3011 patients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 70, were treated with piroxicam: 4 capsules (40 mg) after dinner, on the first two days and two capsules (20 mg) on the following days. Patients were evaluated for a maximum period of 14 days. Assessment of efficacy was made including local pain and limitation of mobility. The patients' self-assessment of pain was also analyzed. A clear improvement in each of the parameters analyzed was found…

Biohybrid microcapsules based on electrosprayed CS-immobilized nanoZrV for self-healing epoxy coating development.

In this work, zirconium vanadate nanoparticles were immobilized into chitosan using a facile electrospraying technique to produce CS-ZrV hybrid microcapsules for the development of a self-healing coating. Upon assessment, hybrid microcapsules possessed desirable properties with a mean particle size of 319 μm, maintaining good thermal stability of ∼55% at 700 °C, and were subsequently incorporated into an epoxy resin to develop a biocompatible self-healing coating, CZVEx, for carbon steel corrosion protection. Scratched samples of self-healing and control coatings were analyzed in a corrosion m

Motor Performance, Health-Related Quality of Life and Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence After Neonatal Therapeutic Hypothermia.

AIM: To explore the correlation between motor performance, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and self-esteem in early adolescents treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) following neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 45 children (mean age 11 years) with a neonatal TH-treated HIE between 2007 and 2009 in Stockholm. Motor performance was assessed with Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), HRQOL by Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) and self-esteem with 'I Think I Am -2'. Nonparametric statistical method

Exploring the Relationship Between Instagram Use and Self-Criticism, Self-Compassion, and Body Dissatisfaction in the Spanish Population: Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of online social networks, particularly among the younger demographic, has catalyzed a growing interest in exploring their influence on users' psychological well-being. Instagram (Meta), a visually oriented platform, has garnered significant attention. Prior research has consistently indicated that Instagram usage correlates with heightened levels of perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and diminished self-esteem. Perfectionism is closely linked to self-criticism, which entails an intense self-scrutiny and is often associated with various psychopathologies. Conve

Polish version of the Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to create a Polish version of the Self-evaluation of NegativeSymptoms (SNS) scale, to assess its internal consistency, and to make correlations between the SNS scores and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) scores in the group of patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The procedure of Polish adaptation of the French-language version of the SNS scale, comprising 20 items organized in 5 subscales: asociality, blunted affect, alogia, avolition and anhedonia, was carried out. Psychometric tests were performed in 40 patients with paranoid schizo

Continuous glucose monitoring: a review for behavioral researchers.

OBJECTIVE: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems collect and store glucose data in an ongoing fashion for several days at a time. The main advantage of CGM is that it can help identify fluctuations and trends that would otherwise go unnoticed with other glucose measures. Here, we provide a review of CGM for behavioral researchers. METHODS: We begin with a brief review of diabetes and glucose measurement and then describe what CGM is and reference the commercial CGM systems currently available. We discuss the challenges involved in using CGM in behavioral research. We then present a broa

Perceived health in young adults with spina bifida.

The aims of this study were to compare the perceived health of young adults with spina bifida with a population without disability, and to determine the effect of the disease characteristics and resulting impairments on perceived health. This cross-sectional study is part of the Adolescents with Spina Bifida in the Netherlands study. Data were collected by physical examination and a questionnaire. In total, 179 patients (age range 16-25y) participated in the study and perceived health data were completed for 164 participants (92 females, 72 males; mean age 20y 7mo [SD 2y 9mo]). Twenty-six part