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The central role of housing key workers in supporting healthcare interactions for people experiencing homelessness and implications for palliative care: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: People experiencing homelessness access specialist palliative care late in their illness trajectory, if at all. There is also little evidence they receive generalist palliative care or are given opportunities to engage in Advance Care Planning. This qualitative study describes the central role of key workers in supporting access to healthcare in homeless communities and identifies implications for improving palliative care provision. METHODS: Qualitative data were collected via focus groups and individual interviews with staff working for a key provider of support and housing/acco

Violence against women migrant workers in Thailand: A cross-sectional study on experiences, impact, and help seeking.

BACKGROUND: Violence against women migrant workers is an alarming public health problem. This study aims to investigate the experiences and impact of violence on women migrant workers in Thailand, including their help-seeking patterns, knowledge, future plans for seeking help, ways of help received, and the factors associated with violence. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 494 women migrant workers across seven key provinces in Thailand - Bangkok, Chiang Rai, Chonburi, Samut Prakan, Rayong, Samut Sakhon, and Tak. Data was collected by well-trained enumerators using the validated s

Childhood leprosy in the post-elimination phase: data from a tertiary health care hospital in the Karnataka state of south India.

OBJECTIVE: Children with leprosy attending a tertiary care hospital during the post-elimination period, in the Karnataka state of south India, have been studied. Data on childhood leprosy collected by the field health workers from district leprosy office during the same period through community survey was also analysed. RESULTS: In the hospital, 61 new childhood cases were diagnosed, 19.7% of the total leprosy cases (n = 309) examined during that period. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was the commonest presentation in children. Twenty four (39.34%) were paucibacillary and 37 (60.65%) were mul

Повышение уровня информированности и знаний о раке в Йоханнесбурге и округах iLembe с помощью целенаправленных просветительских мероприятий на уровне общин: экспериментальное исследование.

В Южной Африке рак по-прежнему вызывает все большую озабоченность в области общественного здравоохранения, особенно в недостаточно обслуживаемых общинах, где различия в уровне информированности и доступе к медицинскому обслуживанию приводят к задержкам в диагностике. В рамках этого исследования была проведена оценка воздействия ориентированной на культурные особенности просветительской деятельности на основе адаптированного модуля исследований и просвещения по вопросам доступа к информации о раковых заболеваниях (c-CARE) в районах Йоханнесбурга и iLembe. Было проведено экспериментальное исслед

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Cancer remains a growing public health concern in South Africa, particularly in underserved communities where disparities in awareness and a … conducted to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes among 210 traditional health practitioners, community health workers, and faith-based leaders. Structured surveys measured awareness of multiple myeloma, prostate, lung, breast, and cervical cancers. Data were captured in REDCap and analyzed using SPSS version 30. Significant improvements in knowledge were observed a …

Knowledge and attitudes of the community toward human mpox virus infection in, Oromia, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Human Monkeypox is a smallpox-like zoonotic infection transmitted through animals, contaminated objects, or human contact, posing growing public health risks. Despite its declaration as a global health emergency in 2022, community awareness remains limited in Ethiopia's Oromia region, where ecological and socioeconomic factors heighten vulnerability. Thus, this community-based cross-sectional study, conducted from July 6 to August 30, 2025, among 842 adults in Oromia, assessed knowledge, attitudes, and associated factors regarding Human Monkeypox. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic

Strategies for primary HPV test-based cervical cancer screening programme in resource-limited settings in India: Results from a quasi-experimental pragmatic implementation trial.

BACKGROUND: In order for low and middle income countries (LMIC) to transition to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test based cervical cancer scre … ue challenges faced in the tribal setting led to programme adaptations like increasing honoraria of community health workers for late-evening work and recalling HPV positive women for colposcopy by nurses, thermal ablation by gynaecologist at the outreach camp site. CONCLUSIONS: Self-collection of samples combined with HCW led community engagement activities, flexible tr …

Impact of a social prescribing intervention in North East England on adults with type 2 diabetes: the SPRING_NE multimethod study.

BACKGROUND: Link worker social prescribing enables health-care professionals to address patients' non-medical needs by linking patients into various services. Evidence for its effectiveness and how it is experienced by link workers and clients is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact and costs of a link worker social prescribing intervention on health and health-care costs and utilisation and to observe link worker delivery and patient engagement. DATA SOURCES: Quality Outcomes Framework and Secondary Services Use data. DESIGN: Multimethods comprising (1) quasi-experimental evaluation

Home-based digital counselling by frontline community workers for anxiety and depression symptoms in rural Sindh, Pakistan: the mPareshan intervention.

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence that interventions for improving mental well-being can be integrated sustainably into primary health care in Pakistan. We piloted 'mPareshan digital intervention' locally, adapted from WHO mhGAP and delivered by trained and supervised women lay workers to learn if it was feasible and possibly effective in reducing anxiety and depression prior to proposing implementation on a larger scale. METHODS: Using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a baseline household survey was conducted by independent data collector

Effect of health extension workers-led home-based multicomponent intervention on blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of health extension workers-led home-based multicomponent intervention on blood pressure change in hypertensive patients in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia. DESIGN: Two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. PARTICIPANTS: Hypertensive patients' age ≥25 years were included. 20 clusters or kebeles with 456 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (10 clusters with 228 participants) and the control group (10 clusters with 228 participants). INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the intervention kebeles received health extensio

Evaluation of existing Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) services and training for improving performance of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) in rural India: A multiple observation study.

BACKGROUND: One-fourth of global neonatal deaths occur in India alone. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) was launched with the purpose of improving healthcare services, including neonatal survival primarily in rural areas. The aim of this study is to determine the status of ASHA's knowledge, practices, and attitude regarding Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) services, as well as to provide necessary trainings for improvement of their performance. METHODS: For this study, 102 ASHA working in Doiwala were recruited at random, and Quasi Experimental Design - Multiple Observation Method (sin

Engagement of non-government organisations and community care workers in collaborative TB/HIV activities including prevention of mother to child transmission in South Africa: opportunities and challenges.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities may help to mitigate the impact of the dual epidemic on patients and communities. Such implementation requires integrated interventions across facilities and levels of government, and with communities. Engaging Community Care Workers (CCWs) in the delivery of integrated TB/HIV services may enhance universal coverage and treatment outcomes, and address human resource needs in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: Using pre-intervention research in Sisonke district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa as a case study, we report on three study obj

Knowledge of breast cancer and its early detection measures among rural women in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in Nigeria and globally. In Nigeria, late presentations of breast cancer cases have also been consistent for three decades. In an environment where there is no established national screening program for breast cancer, it is pertinent to assess the knowledge of breast cancer and its early detection measures. The objective of this study therefore, was to assess rural women's level of knowledge of breast cancer and its early detection measures. METHODS: The knowledge of various aspects of breast cancer; etiology, early warning signs,

Patient and provider perceptions of the relationship between alcohol use and TB and readiness for treatment: a qualitative study in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy alcohol use is widespread in South Africa and has been linked to tuberculosis (TB) disease and poor treatment outcomes. This study used qualitative methods to explore the relationship between TB and alcohol use during TB treatment. METHODS: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 34 participants who had previous or current drug-susceptible TB and self-reported current alcohol use. Eight interviews were conducted with healthcare workers who provide TB services in Worcester, South Africa. RESULTS: In this rural setting, heavy episodic drinking is normalized and

Analysis of clinical knowledge, absenteeism and availability of resources for maternal and child health: a cross-sectional quality of care study in 10 African countries.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the quality of healthcare across African countries based on health providers' clinical knowledge, their clinic attendance … nzania, Togo and Uganda, and 22 746 health workers including doctors, clinical officers, nurses and community health workers. Facilities were selected using a multistage cluster-sampling design to ensure data were representative of rural and urban areas, private and public facilities, and of different facility types. These data were gathered under the Service Delivery Ind …

Challenges in delivering urban healthcare services during COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study in Ahmedabad, India.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic globally posed a great challenge to the existing healthcare system for delivering routine services. Community Healthcare Workers (CHWs) play an important role in delivering routine as well as COVID-19-related services at the forefront. Understanding the complexity of service delivery and the challenges faced by them is very crucial. This study aims to investigate the specific challenges for community-based routine healthcare services during COVID-19. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahmedabad City, Gujarat, from November 2021 to October 2022

Integrated community case management in a peri-urban setting: a qualitative evaluation in Wakiso District, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Integrated community case management (iCCM) strategies aim to reach poor communities by providing timely access to treatment for malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea for children under 5 years of age. Community health workers, known as Village Health Teams (VHTs) in Uganda, have been shown to be effective in hard-to-reach, underserved areas, but there is little evidence to support iCCM as an appropriate strategy in non-rural contexts. This study aimed to inform future iCCM implementation by exploring caregiver and VHT member perceptions of the value and effectiveness of iCCM in peri-ur…

Evaluation of a multi-faceted diabetes care program including community-based peer educators in Takeo province, Cambodia, 2007-2013.

INTRODUCTION: Early detection and treatment for diabetes are essential for reducing disability and death from the disease. Finding effective screening and treatment for individuals living with diabetes in resource-limited countries is a challenge. MoPoTsyo, a Cambodian non-governmental organization, addressed this gap by utilizing a multi-pronged approach with community-based peer educators, access to laboratory procedures, local outpatient medical consultation, and a revolving drug fund. This study evaluated outcomes of MoPoTsyo's diabetes program in Takeo Province by assessing glycemic and b

Health system navigation for STI testing among migrant women sex workers in Metro Vancouver, Canada: a mixed methods study.

Migrant sex workers in Canada experience substantial barriers to sexual health. This mixed-methods study examined their sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing experiences in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia. Quantitative data from 167 migrant women sex workers, a subsample of a longitudinal community cohort study, were analyzed. Multivariable generalized estimating equation analyses examined associations of healthcare barriers, insurance coverage, sex work outreach services, language, and stigma with recent STI testing. Qualitative thematic analysis of 22 interviews with indoor migrant

Exploring barriers of household contact screening of index case contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Sekela district, Amhara region, Ethiopia: 2023; descriptive qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global public health challenge, with about one-third of the world's population infected and at risk of developing active disease during their lifetime.. Contact screening is crucial strategy for active case detection and to identify more cases. It involves systematic screening of the contacts of known TB patients. There is an ongoing need for research into barriers to contact investigation to better information uptake. OBJECTIVE: Exploring the barriers to Household Contact screening of pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A de

Market Care and Custody: A Health Policy Analysis of Incarceration and Long-Term Care Systems in the U.S.

The United States has one of the world's largest criminal justice systems, with nearly 5.5 million people under correctional supervision and almost 2 million incarcerated. This scale of confinement, coupled with the rise of privatization across correctional and related services, reflects a broader neoliberal trend in public governance. This paper explores the consequences of privatization and marketization of the U.S. criminal justice system-particularly the proliferation of private prisons and immigrant detention centers-and draws parallels to the consequences of privatization of health and s