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Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Evidence-Based 2025 Position Statement from a Korean Multidisciplinary Task Force.

With a rapidly aging population and increasing use of antiresorptive agents, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a growing clinical challenge worldwide. To address the need for tailored clinical guidance, a multidisciplinary task force was convened. Five Korean academic societies-the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research, the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, the Korean Society of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, the Korean Osteoporosis Society, and the Korean Endocrine Society-collaborated to develop this position statem

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… MRONJ In addition to osteoporosis treatments, MRONJ can also be caused by steroids, immunomodulators, and anticancer drugs; lenalidomide, pomalidomide, sunitinib, imatinib, cabozantinib, sorafenib, bevacizumab, everolimus, temsirolimus, palbociclib, nivolumab, docetaxel, paclitaxel, methotrexate, letrozole …

Polypharmacology: new drugs in 2023-2024.

Polypharmacology is an emerging approach to drug design and development that involves the use of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), agents capable of interacting with multiple biological targets simultaneously. The effective treatment of chronic and multifactorial conditions, driven by the dysregulation of multiple interconnected pathways, such as cancer, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, is one of the most substantial challenges in contemporary pharmacology. 'Traditional' single-target-based treatment frequently shows limited effectiveness,

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… receptor antagonist fulvestrant resulted in a longer progression-free survival than the administration of fulvestrant alone; this held true for patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer when the disease had progressed during or after prior therapy with an aromatase inhibitor (e.g., letrozole …

Mucin1 as a potential molecule for cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Mucin1 is a highly glycosylated type 1 transmembrane mucin that ranks second among 75 tumor-related antigens published by the National Cancer Institute, and has been identified as a possible therapeutic target over the past 30 years. MUC1 plays an important role in malignant transformation and disease evolution, including cell proliferation, survival, self-renewal, and metastatic invasion. MUC1 has been shown to interact with diverse effectors such as β-catenin, receptor tyrosine kinases, and cellular-abelsongene, which are of importance in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors. Targeti

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… Randomized phase II trial of letrozole plus anti-MUC1 antibody AS1402 in hormone receptor-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(21):6822–6830. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1151. 66. Xie Y, Hu Y, Zhou N, Yao C, Wu L, Liu L, Chen F. …

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Male Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity, a disorder linked to numerous comorbidities and metabolic complications, has recently increased dramatically worldwide and is highly prevalent in men, even at a young age. Compared to female patients, men with obesity more frequently have delayed diagnosis, higher severity of obesity, increased mortality rate, and only a minority of obese male patients are successfully treated, including with bariatric surgery. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge about the clinical and therapeutic implications of obesity diagnosed in males.

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… Letrozole once a week normalizes serum testosterone in obesity-related male hypogonadism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2008;158:741–747. doi: 10.1530/EJE-07-0663. 62. Dhindsa S., Furlanetto R., Vora M., Ghanim H., Chaudhuri A., Dandona P. …

Clinical Trials with Combination of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Dendritic Cells for Cancer Therapy.

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) is a promising treatment for a number of cancers. Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) are considered to be major cytotoxic immunologic effector cells. Usually cancer cells are able to suppress antitumor responses by secreting immunosuppressive factors. CIKs have significant antitumor activity and are capable of eradicating tumors with few side effects. They are a very encouraging cell population used against hematological and solid tumors, with an inexpensive expansion protocol which could yield to superior clinical outcome in clinical trials employing ad

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… Currently available drugs are: aromatase inhibitors Als (exemestane, anastrozole and letrozole) resulting in estrogen depletion by blocking the conversion of androgens to estrogens; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone LH-RH analogs (leuprolide and goserelin), which block the production of hormone from …

Abstracts From JADPRO Live at APSHO 2017.

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… Across all post-CDK 4/6i lines (2L, 3L, 4L), most chemotherapy-based regimens were capecitabine- (48.1%) or paclitaxel-based regimens (24.4%); among the endocrine-only monotherapy regimens, the most prevalent sequence from the prior CDK 4/6i-based line of therapy was fulvestrant (39.7%) followed by letrozole …

The "Road" to Malignant Transformation from Endometriosis to Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancers (EAOCs): An mTOR-Centred Review.

Ovarian cancer is an umbrella term covering a number of distinct subtypes. Endometrioid and clear-cell ovarian carcinoma are endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) frequently arising from ectopic endometrium in the ovary. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis and is dysregulated in both endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, potentially favouring carcinogenesis across a spectrum from benign disease with cancer-like characteristics, through an atypical phase, to frank malignancy. In this review, we focus on mTOR d

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… recurrent rare ovarian cancer ( n = 400) | Stratification into 8 arms depending on biomarker expression: (1) ipatasertib + paclitaxel, (2) cobimetinib, (3) trastuzumab emtansine, (4) atezolizumab + bevacizumab, (5) giredestrant + abemaciclib, (6) inavolisib + palbociclib, (7) inavolisib + palbociclib + letrozole …

Molecular Mechanism and Prevention Strategy of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage.

Fertility preservation is an emerging discipline, which is of substantial clinical value in the care of young patients with cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation may induce ovarian damage in prepubertal girls and young women. Although many studies have explored the mechanisms implicated in ovarian toxicity during cancer treatment, its molecular pathophysiology is not fully understood. Chemotherapy may accelerate follicular apoptosis and follicle reservoir utilization and damage the ovarian stroma via multiple molecular reactions. Oxidative stress and the radiosensitivity of oocytes are the main c

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… Does higher starting dose of FSH stimulation with letrozole improve fertility preservation outcomes in women with breast cancer? Fertil. Steril. 2012 98 961 964.e1 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.015 22771027 PMC3777251 177. Chung K. Donnez J. Ginsburg E. Meirow D. …

Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in the Era of Emerging Cancer Therapies.

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… associated with cardiac ischemia (3%) and hypertension (10%–17%). 70 Pazopanib is associated with a variety of cardiac toxicities including ischemia, hypertension, LV dysfunction, and QT prolongation. 71 Selective estrogen receptor modulators (ie, tamoxifen) and aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole …

Fasting boosts breast cancer therapy efficacy via glucocorticoid activation.

The majority of breast cancers are driven by oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) activation, and endocrine therapy represents the mainstay treatment for these patients1. However, resistance is common and tumours often progress after years of endocrine suppression2. Periodic fasting enhances the efficacy of standard endocrine therapy and delays acquired drug resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear3. Here we show that fasting induces extensive epigenetic reprogramming in ERα-positive breast cancer xenografts when combined with endocrine therapy, with large-scale activation of glucoc

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… PR agonist treatment is being evaluated in combination with letrozole in a phase 2 randomized clinical trial in patients with ERα + breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03306472 ). …

Critical considerations in the administration of antineoplastic therapy for patients with malignant solid tumors undergoing hemodialysis.

Patients with chronic kidney disease exhibit a higher risk of developing malignancies, and among those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis, approximately 7% are diagnosed with new-onset tumors within five years. Patients with ESRD who are receiving antineoplastic treatment exhibit a significantly higher incidence and greater severity of adverse effects associated with antineoplastic agents compared to individuals with normal renal function. This complexity involves multiple factors, including the therapy options and dose adjustment of antineoplastic agents, drug-related toxicities,

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… Exemestane, letrozole, and fulvestrant all had only a small portion excreted unaltered in the urine. Thus, dose adjustments are not required for the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators in patients undergoing hemodialysis ( 23 , 110 , 111 ). …

Modern Treatment of Skeletal Metastases: Multidisciplinarity and the Concept of Oligometastasis in the Recent Literature.

Bone metastases are a major concern in cancer management since they significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Metastatic lesions, commonly arising from breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancers, affect approximately 25% of cancer patients, leading to severe complications such as pain, fractures, and neurological deficits. This narrative review explores contemporary approaches to bone metastases, emphasizing a multidisciplinary strategy and the evolving concept of oligometastatic disease. Oligometastases, defined by limited metastatic spread (1-5 lesions), offer a potential window f

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… Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), such as letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane, inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens in peripheral tissues. …

Multidisciplinary Approach to Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression-A New Integrative Flowchart for Patient Management.

Metastatic spine disease (MSD) and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) are major causes of permanent neurological damage and long-term disability for cancer patients. The development of MSD is pathophysiologically framed by a cooperative interaction between general mechanisms of bone growth and specific mechanisms of spinal metastases (SM) expansion. SM most commonly affects the thoracic spine, even though multiple segments may be affected concomitantly. The great majority of SM are extradural, while intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary metastases are less frequently seen. The ma

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… Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2022;386:942–950. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114663. 77. Swain S.M., Miles D., Kim S.-B., Im Y.-H., Im S.-A., Semiglazov V., Ciruelos E., Schneeweiss A., Loi S., Monturus E., et al. …

Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Cancer Survivors: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

There are nearly 17 million cancer survivors in the United States, including those who are currently receiving cancer therapy with curative intent and expected to be long-term survivors, as well as those with chronic cancers such as metastatic disease or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who will receive cancer therapy for many years. Current clinical practice guidelines focus on lifestyle interventions, such as exercise and healthy eating habits, but generally do not address management strategies for clinicians or strategies to increase adherence to medications. We discuss 3 cardiometabolic comor

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… abiraterone Flutamide | Uncommon | Prostate Nilutamide | Uncommon | Prostate Aromatase inhibitors | Anastrozole 158 | Very common | Breast | No specific considerations among first-line agents | 85% hepatic elimination via N-dealkylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation Exemestane 159 | Common | Breast Letrozole …

New Progress in Improving the Delivery Methods of Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Bone Tumors.

Bone tumors are tumors that occur in the bone or its accessory tissues, including primary tumors and metastatic tumors. The main mechanism of bisphosphonate is to inhibit the resorption of destructive bone, inhibit the activity of osteoclasts and reduce the concentration of blood calcium. Therefore, bisphosphonates can be used for malignant hypercalcaemia, pain caused by osteolytic bone metastasis, prevention of osteolytic bone metastasis, multiple myeloma osteopathy, improving radiosensitivity and so on. However, the traditional administration of bisphosphonates can cause a series of adverse

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… Endocrine drugs for the treatment of breast cancer can also be linked with bisphosphonates, such as letrozole, exemestane, and flurvist. Drugs related to the treatment of myeloma, such as the protease inhibitor bortezomib, lenalidomide and thalidomide, can also be regarded as combined drugs. …

N-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the Role of Supplementation during Cancer Treatment: A Scoping Review of Current Clinical Evidence.

This scoping review examines the evidence for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid [LCPUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] supplementation in clinical cancer therapy. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify relevant clinical intervention studies conducted through August 2020. Fifty-seven unique cancer trials, assessing EPA and/or DHA supplementation pre- or post-treatment, concomitant with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation or surgery, or in palliative therapy were included. Breast, head and neck, gastrointestinal, gastric, colorectal/rect

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… 12.0 BMI = 46.0 ± 9.0/44.1 ± 8.9 | Paclitaxel | 1.2 g = 0.19 g EPA/1.0 g DHA CNT = sunflower oil | 4 cycles + 1 month post | N-3: 70% ↓ risk of peripheral neuropathy incidence | 2012 [ 9 ] Breast (I–III) | 209 F (102/107) | Age = 59.5/59.1 Body weight = 79.0 (77.3–79.8) | Anastrozole, Exemestane or Letrozole …

Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives.

Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-mol

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: an evidence-based 2025 position statement from a Korean multidisciplinary task force.

With a rapidly aging population and increasing use of antiresorptive agents, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a growing clinical challenge worldwide. To address the need for tailored clinical guidance, a multidisciplinary task force was convened. Five Korean academic societies-the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research, the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, the Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, the Korean Society of Osteoporosis, and the Korean Endocrine Society-collaborated to develop this position

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… MRONJ In addition to osteoporosis treatments, MRONJ can also be caused by steroids, immunomodulators, and anticancer drugs; lenalidomide, pomalidomide, sunitinib, imatinib, cabozantinib, sorafenib, bevacizumab, everolimus, temsirolimus, palbociclib, nivolumab, docetaxel, paclitaxel, methotrexate, letrozole …

Cancer Therapy and Exercise Intolerance: The Heart Is But a Part: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

The landscape of cancer therapeutics is continually evolving, with successes in improved survivorship and reduced disease progression for many patients with cancer. Improved cancer outcomes expose competing comorbidities, some of which may be exacerbated by cancer therapies. The leading cause of disability and death for many early-stage cancers is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is often attributed to direct or indirect cardiac injury from cancer therapy. In this review, the authors propose that toxicities related to conventional and novel cancer therapeutics should be considered beyond th

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… tissue carcinoma, HL, NHL, MM, AML, ALL, CLL, CML, MDS, and MPN | Pulmonary HTN, 160 pulmonary fibrosis 160 | Arterial stiffening, 51 endothelial dysfunction, 75 , 161 arterial vasospasm, 18 , 30 atherosclerotic disease 84 | Hormone therapy | | | | Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole …

Translational horizons in the tumor microenvironment: harnessing breakthroughs and targeting cures.

Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have opened new avenues in clinical oncology. However, there is a lack of response in a substantial percentage of cancer patients and diseases frequently relapse in those who even initially respond. Resistance is, at present, the major barrier to conquering cancer, the most lethal age-related pathology. Identification of mechanisms underlying resistance and development of effective strategies to circumvent treatment pitfalls thereby improving clinical outcomes remain overarching tasks for scientists and clinicians. Growing bodies of data indicate that stromal

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… forces of cancer resistance. 79 Further, TGFβ is involved in the maintenance of the CSC population, which often shows an increased expression of TGFβ-regulated genes. 80 , 81 Interestingly, a CSC-enriched gene profile was found after treatment of breast cancer patients with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole …