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Quantitative proteomics and multi-omics analysis identifies potential biomarkers and the underlying pathological molecular networks in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder caused by chronic inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system. Currently, little is known about the changes of plasma proteomic profiles in Chinese patients with MS (CpwMS) and its relationship with the altered profiles of multi-omics such as metabolomics and gut microbiome, as well as potential molecular networks that underlie the etiology of MS. To uncover the characteristics of proteomics landscape and potential multi-omics interaction networks in CpwMS, Plasma samples were collected from 22 CpwMS and 22 healthy controls (HCs) and a…

Upper limb contribution during tandem gait in multiple sclerosis: An early marker of balance impairments.

Tandem gait is widely used during clinical exams to evaluate dynamic balance in chronic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The early detection of balance impairments in MS is challenging to improve the understanding of patients' complaints. The objective was to propose two indexes to quantify the contributions and inefficiency of limb and trunk movements during tandem gait in early-stage MS patients. Fifteen patients with remitting-relapsed MS, with a median Expanded Disability Status Scale of 2.5 [0-4] were compared to 15 matched healthy participants. Three-dimensional motion analysis…

Innovative drug delivery strategies to the CNS for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS) represent a great emotional, financial and social burden. Despite intense efforts, great unmet medical needs remain in that field. MS is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease with no curative treatment up to date. The current therapies mostly act in the periphery and seek to modulate aberrant immune responses as well as slow down the progression of the disease. Some of these therapies are associated with adverse effects related partly to their administration route and show some limitations due to…

A pro-inflammatory diet in people with multiple sclerosis is associated with an increased rate of relapse and increased FLAIR lesion volume on MRI in early multiple sclerosis: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: A pro-inflammatory diet has been posited to induce chronic inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®)) scores are associated with measures of MS progression and inflammatory activity. METHODS: A cohort with a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination was followed annually (10 years, n = 223). At baseline, 5- and 10-year reviews, DII and energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) scores were calculated (food frequency questionnaire) and assessed as …

Ataxin-1 controls the expression of specific noncoding RNAs in B cells upon autoimmune demyelination.

B cells play a key mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune etiology. B cells contribute to disease initiation and progression by acting as professional antigen-presenting cells as well as via secreting autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines. We have recently shown that the polyglutamine protein ataxin-1, which was first linked to the movement disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, also acts as a master regulator of B-cell functions in the context of central nervous system autoimmunit…

Expression of risk genes linked to vitamin D receptor super-enhancer regions and their association with phenotype severity in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating neurological condition with a wide range of phenotype variability. A complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease onset and progression in MS patients. Vitamin D deficiency is a known susceptibility factor for MS, however the underlying mechanism of vitamin D-gene interactions in MS etiology is still poorly understood. Vitamin D receptor super-enhancers (VSEs) are enriched in MS risk variants and may modulate these environment-gene interactions. mRNA expression in total of 64 patients with contrasting MS severit…

Clinical relevance of brain volume measures in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with an inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology. Axonal loss and neurodegeneration occurs early in the disease course and may lead to irreversible neurological impairment. Changes in brain volume, observed from the earliest stage of MS and proceeding throughout the disease course, may be an accurate measure of neurodegeneration and tissue damage. There are a number of magnetic resonance imaging-based methods for determining global or regional brain volume, including cross-sectional (e.g. brain parenchymal fraction) and longitudinal techniques (…

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. clinical and pathological features of cases in the United Kingdom (1993-1998).

This paper documents the salient clinical and pathological features of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) in 96 pigs submitted from 55 units in the UK from 1993 to 1998. This series of cases pre-dated the emergence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in the UK. The morbidity during outbreaks was 1% or less. Affected pigs ranged from 14 to 70 kg in weight and most died after a short clinical illness. Fifty-five pigs had multifocal or coalescing erythematous skin lesions, some progressing to dermal necrosis. Biochemistry showed raised serum urea, creatinine and

Treatment of autoimmune disease by oral tolerance to autoantigens.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) which can be characterized clinically by a remitting-relapsing or a chronic progressive course. There is a striking similarity between the clinical and histopathological features of MS and the experimentally induced disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Induced by the injection of myelin basic protein (MBP) and adjuvants, EAE is characterized by clinical neurologic signs of paralysis and histopathologic changes consisting of perivascular mononuclear infiltration and demyelin…

AI-based predictive biomarkers for chronic neurological diseases: the rAIdD prospective, multicenter, observational study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Chronic neurological disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) represent a major global health burden characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, functional disability, and cognitive decline. Despite differences in etiology and clinical presentation, these conditions share multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), wearable technologies, and multimodal clinical data integration offer new opportunities for identi…

The role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the persistent pain induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice: evidence for the involvement of astrocytes.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, demyelinating inflammatory disease of the human central nervous system (CNS). While the primary symptoms of MS affect motor function, it is now recognized that chronic pain is a relevant symptom that affects both animals and MS patients. There is evidence that glial cells, such as astrocytes, play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Kinins, notably bradykinin (BK) acting through B1 (B1R) and B2 (B2R) receptors, play a central role in pain and inflammatory processes. However, it remains unclear whether kinin receptors a…

Endogenous opioid inhibition of proliferation of T and B cell subpopulations in response to immunization for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, is induced by immunization of mice with myelin oligodendrocytic glycoprotein (MOG35-55) injections, and after 9 days, mice develop behavioral signs of chronic progressive EAE. Proliferation of T and B cells located in peripheral lymph tissues such as spleen and inguinal lymph nodes of C57BL/6J mice are stimulated. The opioid growth factor-opioid growth factor receptor (OGF-OGFr) axis has been shown to effectively limit progression of chronic EAE when mice are treated at the time of induction or …

Longitudinal accumulation of glial activation measured by TSPO-PET predicts later brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), accumulation of disability is driven by CNS-compartmentalized inflammation. This inflammatory process involves activated microglia and astrocytes, which contribute to neuroaxonal damage which in turn accelerates disease progression. Activated glial cells express 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), and TSPO-binding radioligands and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used to quantitate glial activation in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal evolution of glial activation in untreated cohorts of relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and s…

Распространение профилей метилирования ДНК без клеток в качестве неинвазивных множественных склерозовых биомаркеров: исследование, подтверждающее концепцию.

В случае хронических нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких, как множественный склероз (MS), остро ощущается потребность в экономически эффективных неинвазивных биомаркерах крови для одновременной классификации подтипов заболеваний, мониторинга степени инвалидности и прогнозирования долгосрочного прогресса. В этом концептуальном исследовании мы провели последовательность последовательности целых геномов-бисульфитов (РГБС) с низким охватом 75 Отбор проб ДНК без ячеек (CfDNA) с использованием хорошо известной реальной группы потенциальных клиник с продольными показателями инвалидности. Мы провел

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a critical unmet need for cost-effective non-invasive blood biomarkers to concurrently classify disease subtypes, monitor disability severity, and predict long-term progression. In this proof-of-concept study, we performed low-coverage whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on …

Horizon Scanning of Multiple Sclerosis Expenditure in Italy (2025-2029): Updated Insights from the Oracle Model.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressively disabling neurological disease associated with a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden. The introduction of an increasing number of new innovative therapies has further intensified concerns regarding the long-term sustainability for the Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS). Despite substantial therapeutic progress in MS management, with several treatments available for most MS patient populations, no definitive cure is currently available, and a critical therapeutic gap persists for non-relapsing secondary progre…

HLA-DRB1*15:01 drives sex- and age-dependent microglial activation and neuroimmune signaling.

INTRODUCTION: The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) pathway is central to adaptive immunity and immune tolerance, and age-related erosion of these mechanisms is increasingly recognized as a driver of chronic neuroinflammation. The HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele-the strongest genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis in Caucasians-has been implicated in shaping pathogenic CD4+ T-cell responses and broader neuroimmune vulnerability, yet how this allele modulates age- and sex-dependent neuroimmune processes within the central nervous system (CNS) remains poorly defined. METHODS: We inve…

HLA-DRB1*15:01 drives sex- and age-dependent microglial immune phenotypes and neuroimmune signaling.

INTRODUCTION: The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) pathway is central to adaptive immunity and immune tolerance, and its age-related dysregulation is increasingly linked to chronic neuroinflammation. The HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele, the strongest genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis, has been implicated in shaping pathogenic CD4+ T-cell responses and broader neuroimmune vulnerability, yet how this allele modulates age- and sex-dependent neuroimmune processes within the central nervous system (CNS) remains poorly defined. METHODS: We investigated the impact of HLA-DRB1*15:01 …

HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 Allelic Polymorphism and Multiple Sclerosis in a Moroccan Population.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to inflammation and demyelination, manifesting in either a relapsing-remitting or progressive form. As a multifactorial disease, MS involves both genetic and environmental factors, with a known significant contribution from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, mainly represented by the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci, which have been linked to either susceptibility or protection, but variably across populations and ethnic groups. We aimed to study the distribution and polymorphi…

Off-Label Applications of Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVES: Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is established for chronic pain and has been explored for applications beyond chronic neu … favorable but remain early-phase and heterogeneous, whereas heart failure trials were negative and multiple sclerosis outcomes favored bladder function. Proposed mechanisms most commonly invoked autonomic and microvascular modulation and altered spinal network excitability. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural SCS applications beyond chronic neuropathic pain have been applied ac …

Effect of artemisinin combined with allicin on improving cardiac function, fibrosis and NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy.

The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and many aspects still remain unclear. However, significant progress has been m … clinical trials showed that inhibition of alpha4 integrin was well tolerated, use of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis and CD has raised serious concerns about the association with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in a small number of patients, and the drug has been withdrawn from the market pending further safety evaluation. PML is caused by polyoma …