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Disturbed brain ether lipid metabolism and histology in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurometabolic syndrome caused by deficient fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Patients exhibit intellec … istopathological analyses revealed structural white matter abnormalities with the presence of small lipid droplets, deficient myelin, and astrogliosis. Biochemically, severely disturbed lipid profiles were found in both white and gray matter of the SLS brain, with accumulation of fatty alcohols and ether lipids. Particularly, long-chain unsaturated ether lipid s …

Altered expression of genes functioning in lipid homeostasis is associated with lipid deposition in NOD mouse lacrimal gland.

Functional atrophy and accompanying lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the lacrimal gland (LG) are characteristics of Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS). The male NOD mouse is an experimental model for the autoimmune exocrinopathy that develops in the LG of SjS patients. Acinar cells in LG of male NOD mice aged 3-4 months were previously shown to accumulate lipid droplets. In the current study, analysis of lipid components revealed that the accumulated lipids were mostly cholesteryl esters (CE). Gene expression microarray analysis followed by real-time RT-PCR revealed alterations in the express…

The role of lipids in host-pathogen interactions.

Innate immunity relies on the effective recognition and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. This entails sequestration of pathogens into phagosomes that promptly acquire microbicidal and degradative properties. This complex series of events, which involve cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane remodeling and the activation of multiple enzymes, is orchestrated by lipid signaling. To overcome this immune response, intracellular pathogens acquired mechanisms to subvert phosphoinositide-mediated signaling and use host lipids, notably cholesterol, as nutrients. We present brief overviews of th

Triacylglycerol metabolism is a novel target to combat West Nile virus infection.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic Orthoflavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes that is responsible for outbreaks of meningitis and encephalit … t changes in the expression of TAG metabolism. Supplementation with exogenous fatty acids increased lipid droplets (LD) content and promoted viral replication in cell culture models. On the contrary, pharmacological intervention in TAG metabolism using diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors (DGATi) suppressed WNV multiplication in cell culture models. As a pr …

DGAT1 Inhibition Enhances Olaparib-Induced Lipotoxic Apoptosis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Despite the initial success of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, achieving durable responses and effective treatment outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains challenging. Resistance to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib is primarily mediated by the induction of autophagy, which enhances the availability of free fatty acids (FFA). Cancer cells mitigate the toxic effects of excessive lipid accumulation by sequestering FFA into lipid droplets (LD) through diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1)-mediated lipid storage. We hypothesize that inhibiting DGA…

Regulating PPARG Reduces Lipid Accumulation in Microglia and Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) substantially affects functional capacity and the immune system plays a crucial role in recovery. Examining alterations in microglia metabolism can lead to improved repair mechanisms; however, the molecular subtyping of microglia lacks consensus. In this study, the effects of SCI on macrophages and microglia in mice are investigated to identify tailored therapeutic targets and interventions for patients with SCI. Macrophages infiltrate the spinal cord shortly after injury; however, infiltration decreases over time. Microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris is associated

Insights into the lipidome and primary metabolome of the uterus from day 14 cyclic and pregnant sheep†.

In ruminants, conceptus elongation requires the endometrium and its secretions. The amino acid, carbohydrate, and protein composition of the uterine lumen during early pregnancy has been defined in sheep; however, a comprehensive understanding of metabolomic changes in the uterine lumen is lacking, particularly with respect to lipids. Here, the lipidome and primary metabolome of the uterine lumen, endometrium, and/or conceptus was determined on day 14 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Lipid droplets and select triglycerides were depleted in the endometrium of pregnant ewes. In contrast, sele…

The conserved microRNA miR-210 regulates lipid metabolism and photoreceptor maintenance in the Drosophila retina.

Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play important regulatory roles in the nervous system. However, the molecular mechanisms of how specific miRNAs affect neuronal development and functions remain less well understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that the conserved microRNA miR-210 regulates lipid metabolism and prevents neurodegeneration in the Drosophila retina. miR-210 is specifically expressed in the photoreceptor neurons and other sensory organs. Genetic deletion of miR-210 leads to lipid droplet accumulation and photoreceptor degeneration in the retina. These effects a

Pityriasis versicolor and Pityrosporum ovale. Morphogenetic and ultrastructural considerations.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been performed on skin material of patients with pityriasis versicolor who were orally treated with itraconazole. Before as well as after therapy, variously sized spherical structures were observed on the surface of the keratinocytes with SEM. TEM examination revealed Pityrosporum ovale, predominantly in its mycelial phase, inside keratinocytes. The spherules as observed by SEM appeared to be amorphous, lipid-like droplets originating from the inside of the keratinocytes. The cytoplasm of the keratinocytes was a

Live Airway Prevotella Attenuated Diesel Exhaust-Induced Lung Injury and Neutrophil Activation via Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles.

Diesel exhaust (DE), as a principal contributor to traffic-related air pollution, poses significant public and occupational health risks. The lung microbiome could be shaped by inhaled pollutants, which play a crucial role in sustaining pulmonary health. Our prior study found a lower abundance of airway Prevotella nanceiensis (P.nan.) in DE-exposed individuals. Here, in this study, live P.nan. and its bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) alleviated lung damage under inhaled DE exposure, accompanied by reduced neutrophil infiltration and activation. Notably, DE triggered lipid droplet accumu

Matrine ameliorated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through lipid accumulation reduction by activating JAK2-STAT3-CPT1 signaling pathway.

Matrine (MT), the most abundant active compound derived from Sophora flavescens Ait, has demonstrated promising cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury, and is known to reduce excessive triglyceride (TG) level in hyperlipidemia. However, the specific effects and molecular mechanism of MT in regulating cardiac lipid metabolism have remained elusive. This study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of MT in restoring disrupted lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that MT treatment significantly improved MIR-induced cardiac insuff

Протеиновая пальмитиоляция в гематологическое облучение: механистические связи с липидным метаболическим перепрограммированием и резистентностью к терапии.

Протеиновая пальмитиолация стала центральным постпереходным механизмом, регулирующим локализацию белков, стабильность и трансдукцию сигналов. В гематологических галактиках эта динамическая модификация находится на пересечении липидного метаболического перепрограммирования, взаимодействия между опухолью и иммуном и терапевтического сопротивления. Здесь мы рассматриваем вопрос о том, как дисрегулированные пальмитоилпереносазы и депальмитолазы изменяют метаболические ферменты, липидные переносчики, липидно-дрофтовые белки, онкогенные сигнальные компоненты и молекулы иммунного регулирования, созда

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… Lipid droplets can sequester lipophilic drugs, directly contributing to therapy resistance. Illustration created by the authors. … Large lipid deposits and intracellular lipid droplets are observed in CD37-negative lymphoma tissues of patients ( 45 ). …

Lactucin alleviates lipid accumulation via AMPK-mediated autophagy and fatty acid β-oxidation in FFA-induced HepG2 cells.

Lactucin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet (CG) has unique biological and pharmaceutical properties. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms by which Lactucin inhibits lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-treated HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that Lactucin exerts a protective effect against hepatic steatosis in vitro. In FFA-induced HepG2 cells, Lactucin effectively ameliorated lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, we showed that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AM

Impairment of ULK1 sulfhydration-mediated lipophagy by SREBF1/SREBP-1c in hepatic steatosis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the global population. However, its pathogenesis is not completely understood. In our recent study, we have demonstrated that in a high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis model, the activation of SREBF1/SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1) directly upregulates Mir216a transcription, which inhibits CTH/CSE (cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)) expression and its function in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. Reduced H2S production suppresses the sulfhydration of ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activatin

Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 chaperoned by apolipoprotein J facilitates hepatic lipid accumulation following viral and nutrient stresses.

The risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include obese and non-obese stresses such as chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the regulatory determinants remain obscure. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) served as an ER-Golgi contact-site chaperone near lipid droplet (LD), facilitating HCV virion production. We hypothesized an interplay between hepatic ApoJ, cholesterol esterification and lipid deposit in response to NAFLD inducers. Exposures of HCV or free-fatty acids exhibited excess LDs along with increased ApoJ expression, whereas ApoJ silencing alleviated hepatic lipid accumula

Ammonium ion concentration-dependent production of extracellular polysaccharides from glycerol by an oleaginous yeast: visualization of the producer cells.

UNLABELLED: In the oleochemical industry, a fat-splitting process is used to generate a methanol-free byproduct, oleochemical industrial was … croscopic analyses of the two cell types revealed differences; the EPS-producing cells had immature lipid droplets and marked two-layered cell walls, where the outer layer was darker and looked like it was wearing "fuzz," which was assumed to be the EPSs released from the cells. The EPS-nonproducing cells had clear lipid droplets, one-layered cell walls, and mor …

PRRSV NSP2 hijacks host lipophagy via a LIPE-PNPLA2-AMPK-MTOR axis to promote viral replication.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exploits host lipid metabolism to support its replication by harnessing lipids and their metabolic derivatives. Lipophagy, a selective autophagic process responsible for lipid droplet (LD) degradation and cellular lipid homeostasis regulation, has been implicated in viral infections, however, its specific role in PRRSV replication has not been investigated. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection triggered lipophagy, resulting in LD depletion and elevated intracellular free fatty acids. Mechanistically, the viral protein NSP2 was

Lipoid Pneumonia Caused by Esophageal Achalasia.

A 59-year-old man presented with esophageal achalasia complicated by lipoid pneumonia. Dysphagia and diffuse ground-glass shadows on computed tomography led to the diagnosis of esophageal achalasia. An analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed yellow BAL fluid, with two distinct layers. Oil droplets were observed in the upper layer. Macrophages that phagocytosed lipids were also observed. He was diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia secondary to esophageal achalasia. His lipoid pneumonia improved after peroral endoscopic myotomy because of the reduction in aspiration risk.

[Mortierella isabellina lipid-soluble extracts improves lipid-induced renal injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the Mortierella isabellina lipid-soluble extracts on improving hyperlipidemia and renal damage in li … Electron micrograph demonstrated massive fusion of foot process of podocytes accompanied with rich lipid droplets in proximal tubular epithelial cells in M group. CONCLUSION: The lipid-soluble extracts of Mortierella isabellina has beneficial effect on improving hypercholesterolemia and kidney damage in lipid-induced renal injury rat.

Lipid accumulation in foam cells drives C1q-dependent synaptic loss and impairs motor function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Macrophages play a critical role in the repair process following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet the complex mechanisms underlying their functionality remain poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified distinct macrophage subpopulations post-SCI, with lipid-laden macrophages, or foam cells, representing the terminal differentiation stage and persisting throughout the chronic phase. Our findings reveal that foam cells display increased expression of C1q, a complement component, which thereby activates microglial phagocytosis of synapses adjacent to the lesion site. This pro