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Reading ability and processing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy.

We analysed the reading abilities and processing of 21 children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 11 matched children suffering from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and 42 children receiving normal education. The principal result observed was that the DMD children exhibited a reading age which was significantly lower than the SMA children compared with their chronological age. These learning disabilities were not related to a deficit in non-verbal performance intelligence, but psycholinguistic evaluation showed a deficit in verbal intelligence, especially in the Similarities and Arithmetic

Producing speech with a newly learned morphosyntax and vocabulary: an magnetoencephalography study.

Ten participants learned a miniature language (Anigram), which they later employed to verbally describe a pictured event. Using magnetoencephalography, the cortical dynamics of sentence production in Anigram was compared with that in the native tongue from the preparation phase up to the production of the final word. At the preparation phase, a cartoon image with two animals prompted the participants to plan either the corresponding simple sentence (e.g., "the bear hits the lion") or a grammar-free list of the two nouns ("the bear, the lion"). For the newly learned language, this stage induced

Regional vulnerability of hippocampal subfields and memory deficits in Parkinson's disease.

Neuropathological studies show the hippocampus is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), with the second subfield of the cornu armonis (CA2) being the most involved. Our aims were to assess in vivo volumes of different hippocampal subfields in patients with PD with and without visual hallucinations using MRI and test their association with verbal learning and long-term recall. A total of 18 nondemented PD patients, 18 nondemented PD patients with visual hallucinations and 18 neurologically unimpaired elderly controls matched by age and gender were enrolled in this study. We assessed the volumes…

On a practitioner's need of further development of Wechsler scales. Adaptive Intelligence Diagnosticum (AID 2).

Wechsler's intelligence test-batteries are still popular yet suffer from psychometric shortcomings and lack a certain content improvement and enlargement. In this paper a new approach will be presented that suits traditional Wechsler-testing. The approach in question is the Adaptive Intelligence Diagnosticum (AID 2; Kubinger & Wurst, 2000). Due to it's "branched testing" design, AID 2 works out to be more economical and in this regard also offers other advantages, such as parallel tests and short forms. AID 2 offers a method of survey for identifying specific developmental disorders or learnin

Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia.

A sample of 473 male patients with pedophilia (assessed by the patients' sexual history and penile response in the laboratory to standardized, erotic stimuli) or other problematic sexual interests or behaviors received brief neuropsychological assessments. Neuropsychological measures included a short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised (D. Wechsler, 1981), the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test--Revised (R. H. B. Benedict, D. Schretlen. L. Groninger. & J. Brandt, 1998), the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test--Revised (R. H. B. Benedict, 1997), and the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (S…

Auditory processing and the development of language and literacy.

This paper considers evidence for basic auditory processing impairments associated with dyslexia and specific language impairment, against a back-drop of findings from studies of the normal development of auditory and phonological processing. A broad range of auditory impairments have been implicated in the aetiology of these language-learning disorders, including deficits in discriminating the temporal order of rapid sequences of auditory signals, elevated thresholds for frequency discrimination and for detection of amplitude and frequency modulation, impaired binaural processing and increase

Olfactory identification in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

Recent neuropsychological conceptualizations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicate dysfunction of the fronto-limbic system, a br … to veterans without PTSD, those diagnosed with PTSD were less proficient in odor identification and verbal learning but not on other cognitive tests sensitive to dorsolateral prefrontal and mesial temporal functioning. Results bolster prior research indicating fronto-limbic dysfunction in PTSD, and suggest involvement of the orbitofrontal region.

Impaired recognition of traffic signs in adults with dyslexia.

Ten adults with dyslexia (4 women and 6 men, mean age: 26.8 years, range: 19-43 years) and 11 controls (5 women and 6 men, mean age: 20.5 years, range: 18-29 years) were tested on their ability to differentiate between real and false traffic signs. The stimuli, computer-presented color pictures, were chosen to minimize the applicability of verbal or written linguistic skills to the task. The adults with dyslexia recognized the traffic signs significantly less well than did the controls. Furthermore, whereas for the controls there was a significant correlation between traffic sign recognition a

Hearing and verbal-cognitive abilities in high-risk preterm infants prone to otitis media with effusion.

Preterm infants with a history of perinatal complications are at risk for language learning difficulties, and are more likely than full-term infants to show recurrent otitis media. The present study looks at the association between these risk outcomes in the preschool period. Twenty-three otitis-prone preterm children (referred to as cases) were compared with 20 non-otitis-prone children with similar perinatal and demographic characteristics (controls). Hearing thresholds were depressed for the cases in conjunction with abnormal tympanograms, and hearing was significantly poorer than for contr

Exploring the impact of dance: intersectoral quantitative and qualitative methodological challenges, lessons learned, and recommendations.

UNLABELLED: Dance-based interventions/programs are gaining popularity; however, interventions are rarely explicitly described, including the role of dance facilitators, and their effects can be difficult to measure. METHODS: To address these issues, our intersectoral team collected quantitative and qualitative data. via a non-randomized pre-post study for six dance groups (teenagers with cerebral palsy, children with cerebral visual impairment, adults receiving outpatient physical rehabilitation, adults with Parkinson's disease, women who were formerly unsheltered, and community-dwelling olde

Contribution of the Cholinergic System to Verbal Memory Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Acetylcholine is critically involved in modulating learning and memory function, which both decline in neurodegeneration. It remains unclear to what extent structural and functional changes in the cholinergic system contribute to episodic memory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in addition to hippocampal degeneration. A better understanding is critical, given that the cholinergic system is the main target of current symptomatic treatment in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. We simultaneously assessed the structural and functional integrity of the cholinergic system in 20 pat

Developing the Persian version of the homophone meaning generation test.

BACKGROUND: Finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. The Homophone Meaning Generation Test (HMGT) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Persian version of the HMGT. METHODS: The first phase involved the adaptation of the HMGT to the Persian language. The second phase concerned the psychometric testing. The word-finding performance was assessed in

The demented patient who declines to be dialyzed and the unhappy armed police officer son: what should be done?

Dialysis personnel are responsible for ensuring that patients' rights and physical safety are protected in dialysis centers. Treatment of patients with cognitive impairment, including patients with dementia, presents special challenges. These patients may attempt to pull out their dialysis needles during treatment, potentially endangering themselves, dialysis center personnel, and other patients. Such patients may also compromise the care of other patients in the center by upsetting them and requiring a disproportionate amount of staff attention during treatment. Dialysis centers have learned

[Neuropsychological performance in cocaine addiction: a critical review].

INTRODUCTION: Chronic use of cocaine has been associated with a wide range of neuropsychological deficits affecting attention, memory, learning and executive functions. However, it has not been found a unique profile of impairment associated with cocaine addiction. AIM: To review the studies about neurocognitive performance in cocaine addicted patients, with special attention to the research method used. DEVELOPMENT: A great diversity in the research methodology of cognitive deficits associated with cocaine addiction has been used. These differences make difficult to compare results and obta

Why do supportive birth attendants become directive of maternal bearing-down efforts in second-stage labor?

A supportive approach to care for women during the second stage of labor that primarily relies on the laboring woman's involuntary expulsive urges has been advocated. We aimed to learn about the clinical circumstances surrounding the caregiver shift from being primarily supportive to directing women regarding their bearing-down efforts. This research analyzed the communications of 10 birth attendants and women during the expulsive phase of labor using videotapes recorded from two studies carried out between 1986 and the present. The occasions when a birth attendant shifted verbalizations were

Word memory test performance in children.

One-hundred and thirty-five children between the ages of 7 and 18 years were evaluated clinically. Their diagnoses included Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or Effects, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Mood Disorder, various neurological diseases, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder, Oppositional-Defiant Disorder and learning disabilities. As part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, the children were given the Word Memory Test (WMT; Green, Allen, & Astner, 1996; Green & Astner, 1995), containing various subtests which measure, respectively, effort and verbal memor

Multi-perspective spatial memory representation in the presence of others.

In order to better adapt to spatial environments, individuals often establish a spatial frame of reference system to represent objects and their positions within a scene. This study utilized a partial scene recognition paradigm across three experiments (n = 91, 45 men, 46 women) to investigate egocentric spatial memory representation in the presence of others, as well as the conditions that facilitate individuals’ spatial memory representation from the perspectives of others. The aim of Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) was to investigate how people formed the egocentric memory representation in the absen

Короткая международная когнитивная оценка множественного склероза (БИКАМС): нормативные ценности с гендерной, возрастной и образовательной корректировкой турецкого населения.

Когнитивное расстройство характерно для множественного склероза (MS) и может быть продемонстрировано на всех этапах и подтипах заболевания. Самой недавно созданной батареей для оценки скорости обработки информации, устных и визуальных воспоминаний для оценки когнитивных функций в MS является краткая международная когнитивная оценка для MS (BICAMS). Цель этого исследования заключается в прогнозировании обычных ценностей БИКАМС для нашего общества в зависимости от возраста, пола и продолжительности обучения. В исследование были включены двести девяносто четыре добровольца по вопросам здорового о

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be demonstrated in all stages and subtypes of the disease. The most recent … and education duration, were included in the study. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMTR) tests included in the BICAMS battery were applied to all patients. Linear regression analysis method was used to estimate the expected BICAMS test scores of the study participants …

Cognitive dysfunction in people with eating disorders.

UNLABELLED: Using central nervous system (CNS) neuroimaging techniques, it was possible to identify structural changes in the brain associat … ginal diagnostic tools: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Color Trials Test (CTT), d2, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Rey- Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF), and WAIS-R- Digit Span. RESULTS: On the basis of the conducted study, the occurrence of deficits in some aspects of executive functions (planning, cognitive flexibility) and memory (verbal, visual …

[Clinical and demographic predictors of mild cognitive impairment - cross-sectional study].

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Cognitive limitations are a serious health and social problem, which concerns elderly people. Effective prevention … ifferent cognitive domains were evaluated with different neuropsychological tools: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test, Clock Drawing test, Verbal Fluency test, Digit Span Test and Trail Making test. RESULTS: Results: It has been shown that independently associated with MCI ware age (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13) and level of education (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.69 …