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Pre-transplant presence of antibodies to MICA and HLA class I or II are associated with an earlier onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients.

Previous reports using cell-based methods (CDC-AHG) suggest that the presence of pre-transplant HLA Class I and II antibodies are associated with worse survival following lung transplantation. Similarly, antibodies to major histocompatibility complex Class I chain-related gene A (MICA) have been associated with increased graft failure following kidney transplantation. Using highly sensitive solid phase assays, we sought to determine whether the pre-transplant presence of antibodies to MICA or HLA Class I or II predicted short or long-term lung allograft function. Pre-transplant sera screened f

Influence of admission procedure and hospitalization form on the value of magnesium concentration in serum, blood cells and urine in children hospitalizated due to pneumonia or obstructive bronchiolitis.

Wide spectrum of biological properties of magnesium is very well documented in pathomechanism of large number of diseases, where increased stressogenic actions with simultaneous magnesium deficiency have been observed. Our paper describes researches on trials to find out the relationships between stress reaction and magnesium deficiency, admission procedure and hospitalization form of children with pneumonia or obstructive bronchiolitis. It has been shown that serum magnesium concentration before treatment of sick children that during hospitalization had contacted parents, was significantly lo

Aberrant epithelial remodeling with impairment of cilia architecture in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant epithelial remodeling and/or abnormalities in mucociliary apparatus in airway epithelium contribute to infection and inflammation. It is uncertain if these changes occur in both large and small airways in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (non-CF bronchiectasis). In this study, we aim to investigate the histopathology and inflammatory profile in the epithelium of bronchi and bronchioles in bronchiectasis. METHODS: Excised lung tissue sections from 52 patients with non-CF bronchiectasis were stained with specific cellular markers and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and i…

Aberrant Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Peripheral Airways in Bronchiectasis.

Dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by destruction and excessive epithelial remodeling is a characteristic feature of bronchiectasis. It is not known how epithelial progenitor cells contribute to these pathologic conditions in peripheral airways (bronchioles) in bronchiectasis. We aimed to explore the expression levels of signature airway progenitor cells in the dilated bronchioles in patients with bronchiectasis. We obtained the surgically resected peripheral lung tissues from 43 patients with bronchiectasis and 33 control subjects. Immunostaining was performed to determine the express…

Ion and liquid transport across the bronchiolar epithelium.

The proper homeostasis of the airway surface liquid (ASL) depends on transepithelial ion and fluid transport and is critically important for lung defence, and more specifically for mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF), abnormal ion and fluid transport lead to depleted ASL volume resulting in mucus plugs and recurrent lung infections. Like bronchi, human bronchioles exhibit amiloride-sensitive Na(+) absorption and cyclic-AMP and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) secretion. However, cyclic-AMP-stimulated Cl(-) and fluid secretion appears to be quantitatively more important in bronchioles than in …

Small Airways Disease.

Small airways diseases are best defined pathologically as a diverse group of conditions that primarily involve bronchioles and acartilagenous airways 2 mm or less in diameter, which include membranous bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts. Small airways can be involved with disease primarily or secondarily. The concept of small airways disease varies among specialties, with clinicians generally considering them in terms of terminal airway changes causing airflow obstruction, radiologists considering them in the context of direct signs and indirect signs identified on high-re…

Home-based remotely-supervised high-intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: While high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown effectiveness in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) across various chronic respiratory diseases, its impacts on individuals with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) remain unexplored. AIM: To assess the effects of a home-based remotely-supervised HIIT programme on CRF, clinical and functional variables in patients with PIBO. METHODS: Participants of this assessor-blinded, multicentre, randomized controlled trial were individuals with PIBO aged 6 to 20 years. An exercise group (EXE) underwent two 40-min s

Множественная миелома, совмещенная с синдромом Бронхиолита Облитеранса после пересадки стволовой клетки и последующей подводной трансплантации легких, успешно: доклад по делу.

Алогенетическая трансплантация стволовых клеток (All-HSCT) является эффективным средством лечения множественной миеломы; однако развитие хронических заболеваний трансплантатно-призрачных заболеваний остается серьезной проблемой. Синдром Бронхиолита облитерана (BOS) — one осложнений. Даже при наличии лекарств для лечения прогноз БОС по-прежнему является неудовлетворительным. Мы представляем 32-year-old Самка с множественной миеломой, пережившая БОС 6 Через несколько месяцев после алло-ХСТС. Даже после лечения ее клиническое состояние и легочная функция ухудшались. На основе указателя БОД (индек

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… (A) The bronchioles showed a mild to severe degree of subepithelial fibrosis, leading to luminal narrowing. Some of the bronchioles showed complete obliteration of the lumen (black arrow). The peribronchiolar alveolar tissue is unremarkable. (haematoxylin and eosin stain, 100×). … W., “Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Epidemiology After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation,” Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 17 (2011): 1072–1078. 5. Aguilar P. R., Michelson A. P., and Isakow W., “Obliterative Bronchiolitis,” Transplantation 100 (2016): 272–283. 6. …

Retracted: POU Class 2 Associating Factor 1 Exerts a Protective Effect on the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Acute Bronchiolitis by the NF-κB Pathway.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/2815219.].

Acute bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus seasonal transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A national perspective from the pediatric Spanish Society (AEP).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread associated use of non-pharmaceutical interventions have impacted viral circulation and the incidence of respiratory tract infections. We compared Pediatric Emergency Department visits, bronchiolitis admissions, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases in 2020 with those documented for the preceding four years. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicentric national survey study, driven by the Pediatric Spanish Society, and gathering monthly data from Spanish hospitals between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2020. An I

Nlrp3 Inflammasome Inhibitor MCC950 Ameliorates Obliterative Bronchiolitis by Inhibiting Th1/Th17 Response and Promoting Treg Response After Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice.

BACKGROUND: Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) remains the major complication limiting long-term survival of patients after lung transplantation. We aimed to explore the effects of the selective NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 on the pathogenesis of OB. METHODS: Mouse orthotopic tracheal transplants were performed to mimic OB. MCC950 (50 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally injected daily. The luminal occlusion rate and collagen deposition were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Infiltration o

[Does heliox administered by low-flow nasal cannula improve respiratory distress in infants with respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis? A randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to evaluate whether the use of heliox (79:21) delivered through a low flow nasal cannula would improve respiratory distress in infants with acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. METHODS: We have conducted a prospective randomized controlled study. All patients fulfilled inclusion criteria were randomized to either heliox (79:21) or air via NC at 2 L/min for a continuous 24hours. Measurements were taken at baseline, after 2hours and at the end of the 24hours. RESULTS: We have included 104 patients into our study. The MCA-S did not show

Apoptosis of the Tracheal Epithelium Can Increase the Number of Recipient Bone Marrow-Derived Myofibroblasts in Allografts and Exacerbate Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Tracheal Transplantation in Mice.

BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome of lung transplantation is impeded by the development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). We sought to investigate the relationship between the apoptosis of tracheal epithelial cells and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts in the process of OB. METHODS: The mouse orthotopic tracheal transplant model was established. The allografts and syngrafts were harvested at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after tracheal transplant. The percentage of tracheal lumen occlusion was assayed via histology and morphometry. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptotic epithe

Detection of human metapneumovirus RNA sequences in nasopharyngeal aspirates of young French children with acute bronchiolitis by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and phylogenetic analysis.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was the unique viral pathogen detected by a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay in 6 (6.4%) of 94 consecutive French children hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis from September 2001 to June 2002. This virus was identified as the third etiological cause of bronchiolitis, after respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus (35 [37%] and 21 [22%] of 94 cases, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis of F-gene sequences demonstrated the cocirculation of distinct HMPV genotypes during this study. These findings highlight the need to implement a rapid HMPV RT-PC

Bronchiolitis obliterans with pemphigus vulgaris and Castleman's disease of hyaline-vascular type: an autopsy case analyzed by computer-aided 3-D reconstruction of the airway lesions.

We have experienced an autopsy case of a 20-year-old woman with bronchiolitis obliterans, pemphigus vulgaris, and Castleman's disease. The affected bronchioles showed almost the same histology as previously described. But, the number of the lesions seemed too small to cause her death of respiratory insufficiency. We also wondered whether or not some normal routes to the peripheral pulmonary tissues remained. After reviewing many histological sections from both lungs, one tissue block was chosen to make semiserial sections, and computer-aided three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction analysis was …

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: comparison of eosinophil number and degranulation by immunofluorescence staining for eosinophil-derived major basic protein.

OBJECTIVE: To undertake additional assessment of the possible overlap between bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP). DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed open-lung biopsy specimens from six patients with CEP, five patients with idiopathic BOOP, and four patients with secondary BOOP, encountered during the 5-year period 1986 through 1991, for the presence of eosinophils and extent of eosinophil degranulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using previously described immunofluorescence methods for detection of intact eosinophils and extracellular d

Methacholine responsiveness of proximal and distal airways of monkeys and rats using videomicrometry.

Rat and monkey are species that are used in models of human airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the wall structures of rat and monkey airwa … rways of the young rat and monkey were equally responsive to methacholine. In contrast, respiratory bronchioles of monkeys were less responsive than were their proximal bronchi, whereas the distal bronchioles of rats were more responsive than their proximal bronchioles. Both proximal and distal airways of younger monkeys were more responsive than those of old …

Pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary paragonimiasis in cats.

Specific-pathogen-free cats (n = 20) were inoculated orally with metacercariae of Paragonimus kellicotti and necropsied between 1 and 263 da … nflammation. Communications developed between the fluke-containing subpleural cavities and adjacent bronchioles by PID 39, and ova from the sexually mature flukes entered the bronchioles. From PID 55 to 263, other prominent pulmonary lesions were peribronchiolar infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, hyperplasia of bronchioles and peribronchiolar gland …

Chronic exposure to non-eruptive volcanic activity as cause of bronchiolar histomorphological alteration and inflammation in mice.

It is estimated that 10% of the worldwide population lives in the vicinity of an active volcano. However, volcanogenic air pollution studies … he hypothesis that chronic exposure to volcanogenic air pollution alters the histomorphology of the bronchioles and terminal bronchioles, using the house mouse, Mus musculus, as bioindicator species. Mus musculus were live-captured at three different locations: two villages with active volcanism and a village without any type of volcanic activity (reference s …