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Expanding the Treatment Window for the FDA-Approved Radiation Countermeasure Nplate.

INTRODUCTION: Recent shifts in the geopolitical landscape, including the threat of nuclear conflict and the proliferation of nuclear materials, have heightened concerns about radiological emergencies. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is a major health consequence of such events, but effective medical countermeasures (MCMs) remain limited. Although several compounds have been approved as mitigators to treat ARS, there is currently no FDA-approved drug that can be used as a prophylaxis-administered before exposure to prevent or lessen the effects of radiation. One key mitigator is Nplate (romiplos

Beta-diketiminate-stabilized magnesium(I) dimers and magnesium(II) hydride complexes: synthesis, characterization, adduct formation, and reactivity studies.

The preparation and characterization of a series of magnesium(II) iodide complexes incorporating beta-diketiminate ligands of varying steric bulk and denticity, namely, [(ArNCMe)(2)CH](-) (Ar=phenyl, ((Ph)Nacnac), mesityl ((Mes)Nacnac), or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dipp, (Dipp)Nacnac)), [(DippNCtBu)(2)CH](-) ((tBu)Nacnac), and [(DippNCMe)(Me(2)NCH(2)CH(2)NCMe)CH](-) ((Dmeda)Nacnac) are reported. The complexes [((Ph)Nacnac)MgI(OEt(2))], [((Mes)Nacnac)MgI(OEt(2))], [((Dmeda)Nacnac)MgI(OEt(2))], [((Mes)Nacnac)MgI(thf)], [((Dipp)Nacnac)MgI(thf)], [((tBu)Nacnac)MgI], and [((tBu)Nacnac)MgI(DMAP)] (DMAP

Boron Chemicals in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Medicinal Perspective.

A standard goal of medicinal chemists has been to discover efficient and potent drug candidates with specific enzyme-inhibitor abilities. In this regard, boron-based bioactive compounds have provided amphiphilic properties to facilitate interaction with protein targets. Indeed, the spectrum of boron-based entities as drug candidates against many diseases has grown tremendously since the first clinically tested boron-based drug, Velcade. In this review, we collectively represent the current boron-containing drug candidates, boron-containing retinoids, benzoxaboroles, aminoboronic acid, carboran

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… One relevant unique feature of the boron atom is its ability to capture neutrons. This has led to several drug discovery platforms. Mechanistically, the nuclear interaction between the boron-10 isotope and a thermal neutron generates an alpha particle, which recoils a lithium-7 atom with a 2.4 MeV. … Carboranes are used as a rich source of boron for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) [ 97 ]. …

Proceedings to the 2020 Online Conference of the Particle Therapy Cooperative Group (PTCOG2020Online): 13-14 September 2020Organized by the Particle Therapy Cooperative Group (PTCOG), this special online meeting featured abstracts and programs that enabled the communication and cross fertilization for which PTCOG meetings are known.

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… In 2003 he completed his PhD on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. His research fields are improvement of treatment planning, automation of radiotherapy processes, tumor tracking, deep learning, FLASH treatment planning and lung and spine SBRT. … The current implementation of pMBRT with mechanical collimators [4,5] is suboptimal due to flux reduction and the production of secondary neutrons. …

Leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma mortality after low-level exposure to ionising radiation in nuclear workers (INWORKS): updated findings from an international cohort study.

BACKGROUND: A major update to the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS) was undertaken to strengthen understanding of associations between low-dose exposure to penetrating forms of ionising radiation and mortality. Here, we report on associations between radiation dose and mortality due to haematological malignancies. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of 309 932 radiation-monitored workers (269 487 [87%] males and 40 445 [13%] females) employed for at least 1 year by a nuclear facility in France (60 697 workers), the UK (147 872 workers), and the USA (101 363 workers). Workers were indiv

Motexafin gadolinium injection for the treatment of brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Despite recent advances in technology, targeting, and chemotherapy, brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a significant problem. The vast majority of patients with this diagnosis undergo whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). However, outcomes are still quite poor with median survivals measured in only months. In an effort to enhance outcomes from external beam radiation treatments, radiosensitizers have been investigated. Motexafin gadolinium (MGd) (Xcytrin, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is a novel radiation sensitizer with a unique mechanism of action that may increase the th

Molecular and physical technologies for monitoring fluid and electrolyte imbalance: A focus on cancer population.

Several clinical examinations have shown the essential impact of monitoring (de)hydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance) in cancer patients. There are multiple risk factors associated with (de)hydration, including aging, excessive or lack of fluid consumption in sports, alcohol consumption, hot weather, diabetes insipidus, vomiting, diarrhea, cancer, radiation, chemotherapy, and use of diuretics. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance mainly involves alterations in the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in extracellular fluids. Hyponatremia is a common condition among individuals

Vertebral fracture and splenomegaly in a head and neck cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: A case report of systemic complications associated with a cytokine-producing solid tumor.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing tumors are rare and are associated with a poor prognosis when they occur in the lungs and the head and neck region. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography has been reported to show systemic specific accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in these cases, but the systemic complications associated with the cytokines produced are not well known. We herein present the case of a G-CSF-producing maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma in a 73-year-old Japanese woman with a vertebral fracture and splenomegaly. These findings are known sever

Acute radiotoxicity studies and safety assessment of 166Ho-EDTMP and 166Ho-DOTMP for the palliative treatment of bone metastases.

Comprehensive studies on the acute toxicity and safety profiles of therapeutic doses of 166Ho-EDTMP and 166Ho-DOTMP in the bone tissue and bone marrow of animals are limited, particularly when 166Ho produced in low-power reactors is used. These bone-specific complexes were synthesized through the coordination of 166Ho3+ ions in a neutral buffer. Acute toxicity studies were conducted at a dose of 1850 MBq/kg over 14 days, whereas safety assessments were performed at therapeutic doses of 18.5, 37, and 74 MBq/kg over 30 days in ICR mice. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological toxicitie

Радиотерапия интенсивной активности с использованием радиотерапии " Углерод ион " для ациничной карциномы клеток соляных Гландов.

Цель: сообщать о результатах клинической терапии пациентов с ациничной клеточной карциномой слюнных желез, обработанных рентгенотерапией с изменением интенсивности (ИМРТ) и углеродной ионной радиотерапией (CIRT). Материалы и методы: для целей этого ретроспективного анализа были рассмотрены все пациенты, страдающие ациничной карциномой слюнных желез в Гейдельбергском терапевтическом центре Ион-Беам. Все пациенты получили стимул CIRT с 18-24 Gy радиобиологическая эффективность (RBE), взвешенная доза 3 Взвешенная Gy RBE доза на фракцию, за которой следует IMRT, с 50-54 Входите. 2 Гий на единицу.

Combined surgery and radiotherapy as curative treatment for tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a case report.

BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea is a rare tumor, characterized by slow growth and low rate of local and distant metastasis. When achievable, complete surgical resection represents the optimal treatment approach, with the highest results in terms of overall survival. Radiation therapy is a reasonable alternative in cases of inoperable disease.Case presentationWe report a case of an 82-year-old white man affected by primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea, treated with debulking surgery and radiotherapy on the residual disease. A three-dimensional conformal radiation th

Fourth scientific meeting of the British Oncological Association. 25-27 June 1989, Edinburgh, U.K.

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Bone-targeted therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: evolving paradigms.

Majority of patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develop bone metastases which results in significant morbidity and mortality as a result of skeletal-related events (SREs). Several bone-targeted agents are either in clinical use or in development for prevention of SREs. Bisphosphonates were the first class of drugs investigated for prevention of SREs and zoledronic acid is the only bisphosphonate that is FDA-approved for this indication. Another bone-targeted agent is denosumab which is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the RANK-L thereby inhibi

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… An alpha particle, which is ejected from a heavy nucleus during alpha decay, consists of two neutrons and two protons. A beta particle is an electron released from a nucleus containing excess neutrons during beta decay, in which one neutron is converted to a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. …

Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

Long-term outcome of indigenous 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT in patients with Metastatic Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumours: a single institutional observation in a large tertiary care setting.

OBJECTIVES: Assessment of long-term outcome and toxicity of indigenous 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT in patients of metastatic/advanced NETs in a large tertiary-care PRRT setting. METHODS: A total of 468 metastatic/advanced NET patients (wide range of primary sites including CUP-NETs), who underwent at least two cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT with available follow-up information, were included and analysed retrospectively in this study. In-house labelling of DOTATATE with 177Lu (direct route produced) was carried out in the hospital radiopharmacy and treatment administered in cycles (dose: 5.55 to 7.4 G

Radiometals in Imaging and Therapy: Highlighting Two Decades of Research.

The present article highlights the important progress made in the last two decades in the fields of molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Advancements in radiometal-based positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, and radionuclide therapy are illustrated in terms of their production routes and ease of radiolabeling. Applications in clinical diagnostic and radionuclide therapy are considered, including human studies under clinical trials; their current stages of clinical translations and findings are summarized. Because the metalloid astatine is used for

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of b

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… Boron compounds—sodium borocaptate and boronophenylalanine (BPA)—are used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for the treatment of breast cancer [ 152 , 153 , 154 ]. … The therapy involves the targeted delivery of boron compounds to tumor tissues, with subsequent irradiation with epithermal neutrons [ 153 , 154 ]. …

A Review of 3D-Printed Medical Devices for Cancer Radiation Therapy.

This review explores the transformative role of three-dimensional (3D) printing in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, emphasizing its potential to deliver patient-specific, cost-effective, and sustainable medical devices. The integration of 3D printing enables rapid fabrication of customized boluses, compensators, immobilization devices, and GRID collimators tailored to individual anatomical and clinical requirements. Comparative analysis reveals that additive manufacturing surpasses conventional machining in design flexibility, lead time reduction, and material efficiency, while offering

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… Tools such as radiophotoluminescence detectors monitor dispersed photon beam radiation, while polyallyldiglycol carbonate-based track-etched and thermoluminescent detectors identify secondary neutrons. … Rapid prototyping and iteration of designs has enabled previously unachievable treatments, such as neutron scattering of small samples or small field radiotherapy, which require highly specialized or downsized collimator geometries [ 171 , 172 ]. …

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and risk of lymphoma subtypes: results of the Epilymph European case-control study.

BackgroundEvidence linking risk of lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma subtypes to ionizing radiation is inconclusive, particularly at low exposure levels.MethodsWe investigated risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), B-cell lymphomas, and its major subtypes, associated with low-level occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, in 2346 lymphoma cases and 2463 controls, who participated in the multicenter EpiLymph case-control study. We developed a job-exposure matrix to estimate exposure to ionizing radiation, distinguishing between internal and external radiation, and we applied it to the lifetime occupat

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… calculate the committed effective dose (CED) for adults associated with each radionucleide, we estimated the appropriate quality factor (QF) based upon the respective proportion of the different type of radiation emitted (QF = 20 for α radiation; QF = 1 for β, γ and x radiation; QF = 5 for protons and neutrons … ; a QF = 5 was assumed for neutrons in absence of specific information on their energy level) [ 4 ]; thirdly we applied the QF and the tissue weighting factor for circulating blood cells, as indicated in the BEIR VI report for radon [ 26 ]. …