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Systematic Surveillance of Rickettsial Diseases in 27 Hospitals from 26 Provinces throughout Vietnam.

In Vietnam, the public health burden of rickettsial infections continues to be underestimated due to knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of t … were common among undifferentiated febrile patients, with 564 (30.8%) patients positive by qPCR for scrub typhus, murine typhus or spotted fever. Scrub typhus (484, 85.8%) was the most common rickettsial disease, followed by murine typhus (67, 11.9%) and spotted fever (10, 1.8%). Rickettsial diseases were widely distributed in all regions of Vietnam and presen …

Possible acute coinfections in Thai malaria patients.

We conducted serodiagnostic testing for dengue virus infection, murine typhus, scrub typhus and leptospirosis in Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals in Thailand. Sera from 194 malaria patients with a median age of 24 years were tested. No antibody titers diagnostic of dengue virus infection were demonstrated, but 29 (15%) of patients had serological evidence of scrub typhus, 45 (23.2 %) patients had evidence of murine typhus, and 15 (7.7%) sera tested positive for leptospirosis. Our serological results suggested that duel infections are not uncommon in malaria that is acquired in Thaila…

The use of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial diseases in Malaysia.

The indirect immunoperoxidase (HP) test has been used extensively in most government hospitals in Malaysia for the serodiagnosis of scrub typhus, murine typhus and tick typhus during the 1990s. The test was used to determine the IgG and IgM antibody titers in patients' sera for three rickettsial species, ie Orientia tsutsugamushi OT; the causative agent of scrub typhus), Rickettsia typhi (RT; the causative agent of murine typhus), and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (TT; the causative agent of tick typhus). The serological findings obtained from Malaysian hospitals using the IIP test (19…

Hospital based serological evidence of rickettsial diseases and assessment diagnostic tests of pyrexia of unknown origin.

The present study examined hospital-based serological tests of rickettsial infections and assessment for diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Blood samples were tested for Weil Felix antigens, ELISA for scrub typhus group and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of DNA of spotted and scrub typhus group with the help of specific oligonucleotide. We tested 450 patient samples and found 101 Weil Felix-positive with 15 having ≥320 titres. IgM ELISA identified 32 (7.1%) positive cases. Positive PCR was seen in 13 (2.9%) samples, being only 40.1% of those testing positive …

Geographical Distribution and Epidemiologic Factors of Chigger Mites on Apodemus agrarius during Autumn in Korea.

A nationwide survey of chigger mites causing scrub typhus and an investigation of epidemiologic factors for chigger mites was conducted at 16 localities in 8 provinces in Korea during autumn 2009, 2012, and 2013. A total of 233 Apodemus agrarius were captured, and all were infested with chigger mites. The chigger index was highest in Chungcheongbuk-do in 2009 (358.3) and 2012 (290.1) and Chungcheongnam-do in 2013 (294.4). The predominant chigger mite species was Leptotrombidium pallidum in the northern and central parts and L. scutellare in the southern and western parts, Korea. L. pallidum wa…

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the Sta58 major antigen gene of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi: sequence homology and antigenic comparison of Sta58 to the 60-kilodalton family of stress proteins.

The scrub typhus 58-kilodalton (kDa) antigen (Sta58) of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi is a major protein antigen often recognized by humans infected with scrub typhus rickettsiae. A 2.9-kilobase HindIII fragment containing a complete sta58 gene was cloned in Escherichia coli and found to express the entire Sta58 antigen and a smaller protein with an apparent molecular mass of 11 kDa (Stp11). DNA sequence analysis of the 2.9-kilobase HindIII fragment revealed two adjacent open reading frames encoding proteins of 11 (Stp11) and 60 (Sta58) kDa. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences disclosed a h…

Chigger mites of the genus Leptotrombidium: key to species and their distribution in China.

Chigger mites of the genus Leptotrombidium (Acari: Trombiculidae) transmit scrub typhus, caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (= R.orientalis) in South-East Asia. In China, eighty-two species of Leptotrombidium have been recorded; these are listed with the names of Provinces where they were found. Five species, L.deliense, L.insularae, L.kaohuense, L.rubellum and L.scutellare, have been implicated as Chinese vectors of scrub typhus. A brief key is given to the larvae of all but three of the Leptotrombidium mites known in China.

Prevalence and seasonal patterns of vector-borne diseases in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India: A prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are a major public health concern. Globalization, urbanization and climate change are the reasons for the emergence and re-emergence of VBDs. In this study, we looked into the prevalence of VBD infections around a tertiary care hospital in South India. The objective was to determine the prevalence of common VBDs like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), chikungunya and scrub typhus in patients with acute febrile illness (AFI). METHODS: This was a prospective laboratory-based observational study. Blood samples from patients with AFI w…

Seroprevalence & seroincidence of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India: A community-based serosurvey during lean (April-May) & epidemic (October-November) periods for acute encephalitis syndrome.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: In India, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases are frequently reported from Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Scrub typhus is one of the predominant aetiological agents for these cases. In order to delineate the extent of the background of scrub typhus seroprevalence and the associated risk factors at community level, serosurveys during both lean and epidemic periods (phase 1 and phase 2, respectively) of AES outbreaks were conducted in this region. METHODS: Two community-based serosurveys were conducted during lean (April-May 2016) and epidemic AES (October-Nov…

Aetiology and short-term outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a real-world experience from a medical intensive care unit in southern India.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly fatal syndrome especially in resource constrained settings. In this study … ia (n = 7) and tuberculosis (n = 1). Twenty nine (69%) had extrapulmonary ARDS: sepsis (n = 16) and scrub typhus (n = 8). Thirty three (79%) died, of the nine survivors scrub typhus was diagnosed in seven patients. CONCLUSION: The aetiology of ARDS in tropical medical setting is infection related. ARDS due to scrub typhus appeared to be mild with good outcome …

Clinical and histological features of inoculation site skin lesions in cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Cynomolgus monkeys, as animal models of scrub typhus, are typically infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi by intradermal inoculation. However, the clinical and histological features at the O. tsutsugamushi inoculation sites, akin to "eschars" at chigger inoculation sites in humans, have not been fully characterized. We intradermally inoculated one medial thigh of six cynomolgus monkeys with semi-purified O. tsutsugamushi (Karp). Within 7 days, two animals developed scrub typhus-like eschars and four had dusky plaques, accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsies of eschars and an enlarged …

Pathologic study of mice infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi R19 strain.

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by R. tsutsugamushi, has been reported from various parts of the far east and pacific rim of Asia including Korea. It is well known that all human pathogenic rickettsia share an affinity to endothelial cells of the small blood vessels and evoke vascular inflammation variably associated with a rash, microthrombi, and hemorrhage. We infected the ICR mice by inoculating sublethal doses of R. tsutsugamushi R19 strain intraperitoneally and observed the pathologic changes by time sequence. The histopathologic features of experimentally induced…

Surveillance of vector-borne infections: Dogs as sentinel animals for Orientia and Rickettsia exposure in five regions in Chile.

Domestic dogs have been proposed as sentinels for various infectious diseases, including rickettsial infections. In Chile, the only endemic human rickettsiosis is scrub typhus caused by Ca ndidatus Orientia chiloensis, an emerging infectious disease, discovered in recent years in southern Chile. The geographic distribution of scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections across Chile is incompletely understood. This study using domestic dogs as sentinel investigated the potential exposure to members of the three main groups of rickettsiae, scrub typhus orientiae (STGO), spotted fever group ric…

Integrated serological surveillance of acute febrile illness in the context of a lymphatic filariasis survey in Timor-Leste: a pilot study using dried blood spots.

BACKGROUND: Acute febrile illnesses (AFIs), including dengue, scrub typhus and leptospirosis, cause significant morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asia. Serological surveillance can be used to investigate the force and distribution of infections. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples are an attractive alternative to serum because they are easier to collect and transport and require less cold storage. We conducted a pilot study to determine the feasibility of integrating serological surveillance for dengue, scrub typhus and leptospirosis into a population-representative lymphatic filariasis seroprev…

History of U.S. military contributions to the study of rickettsial diseases.

Rickettsial diseases have affected the military throughout history. Efforts such as those of the Joint U.S. Typhus Commission near the beginning of World War II and of military researchers since have reduced the impact of these diseases on U.S. and Allied forces. Despite the postwar development of effective antibiotic therapies, the newly emerging antibiotic-resistant scrub typhus rickettsial strains of the Asian Pacific region mandate continued research and surveillance. Similarly, tick-infested training areas in the United States and similar exposure abroad render the spotted fevers and the …

Системы калькуляции критических заболеваний: оценка несрабатывания последовательности органов, острая физиология и оценка хронического здоровья II, а также быстрая оценка несрабатывания последовательности органов для прогнозирования клинических результатов у пациентов с скребом тифа с дисфункциями организма.

Скруб тифа (ST) — острая инфекционная болезнь с изменяющейся степенью тяжести, вызванная цицутугамушией (бывшей Рикиетсией). Болезнь может усугубляться дисфункциями органов, а коэффициент смертности (КФЗ) составляет приблизительно 15%, что еще больше усиливается в связи с возникновением серьезных осложнений. Мы изучили клинические особенности ST и эффективность систем оценки критических заболеваний (CISS) - Острая физиология и оценка хронического здоровья (APACHE) II, последовательная оценка отказа органов (SOFA) и быстро SOFA (qSOFA) при прогнозировании клинических результатов у сложных пацие

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Scrub typhus (ST) is an acute infectious disease of variable severity caused by Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi. The disease can be complicated by organ dysfunctions and the case fatality rate (CFR) is approximately 15%, which further rises with the development of severe complications. We studied the clinical features of the …

Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China.

Chigger mites are the common ectoparasites of rodents and the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. The Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) is an important reservoir host and infectious source of some zoonoses including scrub typhus. From April 2016 to March 2017, a 12-month consecutive investigation was made at Jingha village in southern Yunnan of China, which is an important focus of scrub typhus. The infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on R. brunneusculus were studied based on the investigation. From 2,053 captured R. brunneusculus, a total of 99,221 chiggers were…

Establishment of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Southeast Asia.

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a common fever in parts of Southern and Southeast Asia. As delayed diagnosis of scrub typhus leads to inappropriate treatment and high mortality rates, of up to 70%, sensitive and rapid detection of O. tsutsugamushi is required for timely and appropriate treatment. Molecular assays, such as PCR and real-time PCR, have been shown to be more sensitive than conventional immunoassay, however, they are only available in centralized laboratories. In contrast to PCR assays, Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) is conducted under a constant temp…

Рикетциальная инфекция в пяти отдаленных деревнях Оран Улу в верхней части реки Режанг, Саравак, Малайзия.

Люди в 5 деревнях Оранг-Улу в Сараваке, Малайзия, прошли проверку на рикетсиальную инфекцию с помощью реакции Вейл-Феликса и косвенной иммунопероксидазы. Из обследованных 9,6% были положительными по тифу. Из этих положительных результатов 3,8% были положительными в случае тифа клеща (7/11), тифа с клещами (4/11) или эндемического тифа (1/11). Число тифов было выше среди полукочевых пенанов по сравнению с оседлыми кайянцами.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
People in 5 Orang Ulu villages in Sarawak, Malaysia were tested for rickettsial infection by Weil-Felix reaction and by indirect immunoperoxidase reaction. Of those surveyed 9.6% were positive for typhus. Of the positives, 3.8% were positive for tick typhus (7/11), scrub typhus (4/11) or endemic typhus (1/11). The incidence of typhus was higher among semi-no…

Typhus-like Fevers of Unknown Ætiology, with Special Reference to the Malay States.

Typhus exanthematicus, Rocky Mountain fever, and the tsutsugamushi disease have been classified in the "typhus group" by Megaw, as louse-typhus, tick-typhus, and mite-typhus. He has added a fourth-class, comprising typhus-like fevers, with unknown vectors. It is the diseases of this class with which this paper is concerned.Endemic typhus (Brill's disease) is very closely related to typhus fever; the Weil-Felix reaction is positive, typhus-like vascular lesions are present, and there is cross-immunity with typhus. In the exanthematic fever of Marseilles the relationship is more superficial; the