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The NLRP3 inflammasome: A central player in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune condition associated with many symptoms including spasticity, pain, limb numbness and weakness. It is characterised by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. A range of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are available to suppress inflammatory disease activity in MS, however, there is a pressing need for new therapeutic avenues as DMTs have a limited ability to suppress confirmed disability progression. A body of literature indicates that innate immune inflammation is linked to MS progression. The nuc…

[Comorbidities in multiple sclerosis and their influence on the choice of treatment].

Clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for people with multiple sclerosis (pMS) are conducted in selected populations, excluding patients with comorbidities or concomitant medications. However, a large percentage of pMS have some additional disease, which could affect the response and choice of the DMT. The objective of this review is to assess how concurrent pathologies can impact the choice of DMTs. Relevant articles were selected through a systematic search in PubMed. Comorbidities were grouped for better classification into autoimmune, chronic infections, cardiovascular and …

Postpartum Onset of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.

A breastfeeding 29-year-old woman who gave birth to her first child three months ago presented at the family doctor's appointment with a div … which elicited a referral to neurology. The clinical and imagiological findings were suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS), for which a conservative approach was taken. MS is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a mean age of onset of 20-30 years, more common in females. Stressful life events, viral infections, vaccination, physical trauma, previous anest …

Osteoporosis in a Woman With Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.

Multiple sclerosis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of nerves within the central nervous system. The prevalence of the disease is increasing. Cases with varying severity are observed. Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by severe osteoporosis, which may lead to fractures and may compromise patient mobility. The aim was to describe the case of a patient with multiple sclerosis who developed severe osteoporosis with multiple fractures. A female patient was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at the age of 52. At the age of 63, she presented with a fracture of the right…

Targeted DeSUMOylation as a therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis.

SUMO (small ubiquitin like modifier) conjugated proteins have emerged as an important post translational modifier of cellular function. SUMO … fective in preventing the development of experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Anacardic acid and TAK981 inhibited activation of TH17 cells and reduced clinical and pathological injury in IL-17 mediated myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced EAE. Ginkgolic acid, another known inhibitor of SUMO pathway, was also sho …

[Features of primary forms of headache in multiple sclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the features of the primary forms of headache in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 110 patients with MS were examined in the outpatient appointment of a neurologist at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the «Smolensk State Medical University» in the period from April 1, 2023 to May 31, 2023. A group of 20 people with a diagnosis of primary headache (PH) was selected. At the same time, a control group of 20 people with a diagnosis of PH was selected on the basis of the Center for Industrial Medicine…

[A role of cerebrovascular diseases in the progression of multiple sclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) among patients over 50 years old in two independent populations of Moscow and Tyumen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 94 patients with MS in combination with CVD (main group) and 90 age-and sex-matched patients with MS without a vascular history (comparison group). An analysis of parameters such as disease duration, EDSS at different time points, disease progression index, duration of first remission in each population separately and in both populations together was carried out. …

Multiple Sclerosis and biological definitions in neurodegenerative diseases.

Recently, biological definitions in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and Parkinson´s disease (PD) have been proposed, where clinical descriptors such as "dementia" or "parkinsonism" lost the spotlight. Similar changes are in the horizon in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, in MS there is no single molecule (like amyloid) to call the main driver of MS pathogenesis. In fact, there has not been a historically steady candidate. Decades ago T-cells were thought to be paramount, then brain atrophy, and recently the heterogeneous concept of "smoldering disease". There are no established minimal necessary and…

Педиатрическая нейроимация множественных склерозов и неевроинфламматических заболеваний.

С помощью педиатрической линзы в настоящей обзорной статье кратко излагается описание нескольких демиелинизирующих и нейровоспалительных заболеваний с использованием обычных последовательности магнитных резонансных изображений (MRI), таких, как Т1, взвешенный с помощью и без внешнего противопоказательного агента на основе гадолина, Т2-векторного и флюидового восстановления инверсии (FLAIR). Эти обычные последовательности используют присущие ткани свойства для того, чтобы создать явный контраст, который полезен для оценки характеристик заболеваний и мониторинга реакции на лечение пациентов путе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Using a pediatric-focused lens, this review article briefly summarizes the presentation of several demyelinating and neuroinflammatory disea … atures with blood-brain barrier disruption. Illustrative examples are presented for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammatory diseases. This work also highlights findings from advanced MRI techniques, often infrequently employed due to the challenges involved in acquisition, post-processing, and interpretation, and identifies the need for future studi …

CXCL13 как биомаркер: фон и полезность в многоразовом склерозе.

CXCL13 — хемокин, регулируемый в рамках CNS в множестве склерозов, нейроборлиозе Лайма и других подстрекательских болезнях, который все чаще используется в качестве биомаркера. Этот обзор служит основой для понимания его функций в иммунной системе и его связи с эктическими лимфоидными фолликулами. Кроме того, был рассмотрен вопрос о его полезности в случае множественного склероза и нейроборлиоза Лайма, а также потенциальные проблемы в его измерении. CXCL13 может быть исключительно полезным биомаркером для целого ряда подстрекательских заболеваний.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
CXCL13 is a chemokine which is upregulated within the CNS in multiple sclerosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and other inflammatory diseases and is increasingly clinically useful as a biomarker. This review provides background for understanding its function in the immune system and its relationship to ectopic lymphoid follicles. Also reviewed are its utility in m…

CHI3L1 в Множественном склерозе-от скамьи до клиники.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое демиелинирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS) с сложным и не вполне понятным этиопатологическим фоном, предусматривающим воспалительные и нейродегенеративные процессы. CHI3L1 был замешан в таких патологических условиях, как воспаление, повреждение и нейродегенерация, и, вероятно, будет играть определенную роль в физиологическом развитии CNS. CHI3L1 производится главным образом макрофагами CNS, микроглией и активированными астроцитами. Структура выражения CHI3L1 при поражениях MS может поддержать важную роль астроцитов в модуляции подстре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a complex and not fully understood etiopathological background involving inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. CHI3L1 has been implicated in pathological conditions such as inflammation, injury, and neurodegeneration, and is likely to play a role in th…

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРОСТРАНСТВА И ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ЛИЦАХ С МНОГОСТОРОННИМ СЛУЧАЕМ.

Воспаление, потеря аксона и демиелионирующие таблички в мозгу, которые являются фоном множественного склероза, очень часто приводят к изменениям в речи или дисартрии в диапазоне от мягкого до настолько сильного, что они ухудшают понимание речи собеседником. В результате множественного склероза может происходить и дисфагия. Цель этого документа состоит в том, чтобы представить речь и поглотить трудности, обусловленные множественным склерозом, а также важностью оценки речи и проглатывания людей с множественным склерозом. Эта статья носит описательный характер и содержит всеобъемлющий обзор литер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Inflammation, axonal loss and demyelinating plaques in the brain, which are the background of multiple sclerosis, very often cause changes in speech or dysarthria, in a range from mild to so severe that they impair comprehension of speech by the interlocutor. As a consequence of multiple sclerosis, dysphagia can also occur. The aim of this paper is to presen…

Improving the efficiency of clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Phase 3 clinical trials for disease-modifying therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have utilized a limited number of conventional designs with a high degree of success. However, these designs limit the types of questions that can be addressed, and the time and cost required. Moreover, trials involving people with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have been less successful. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to discuss complex innovative trial designs, intermediate and composite outcomes and to improve the efficiency of trial design in MS and broaden …

Reduced Cone Density Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.

PURPOSE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that degeneration of the inner layers of the retina occurs in MS. This study aimed to examine whether there are outer retinal changes in patients living with MS. DESIGN: This was a single center, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients with MS and 25 controls (volunteers without diagnosed MS) were recruited for the study. METHODS: We acquired volumetric spectral domain-OCT scans of the macula and a circular scan around the optic nerve head (ONH)…

Lesion network localization of depression in multiple sclerosis.

Depression is a common debilitating complication of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the role of lesion location remains unclear. Recent work shows that stroke lesions and therapeutic neuromodulation sites that modify depression are connected to a common brain circuit, providing an a priori template that could be relevant for MS. Using a clinical and radiological database of patients with MS (n=281), we estimated connectivity between lesion locations and other brain regions using a normative connectome database (n=1000). Functional connectivity between MS lesion locations and our a priori depressi…

Polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis: A population-based study.

BackgroundLittle is known about polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectivesTo estimate polypharmacy prevalence in a population-based MS cohort and compare persons with/without polypharmacy.MethodsUsing administrative and pharmacy data from Canada, we estimated polypharmacy prevalence (⩾5 concurrent medications for >30 consecutive days) in MS individuals in 2017. We compared the characteristics of persons with/without polypharmacy and described the number of polypharmacy days, the most common medication classes contributing to polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy prevalence (⩾10 medicati…

Comparative effectiveness in multiple sclerosis: A methodological comparison.

BACKGROUND: In the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials, observational data can be used to emulate clinical trials and guide clinical decisions. Observational studies are, however, susceptible to confounding and bias. Among the used techniques to reduce indication bias are propensity score matching and marginal structural models. OBJECTIVE: To use the comparative effectiveness of fingolimod vs natalizumab to compare the results obtained with propensity score matching and marginal structural models. METHODS: Patients with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing remitting MS

Neuropathy in multiple sclerosis patients treated with teriflunomide.

OBJECTIVE: Teriflunomide is an oral medication approved for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. The primary effect of teriflunomide is to reduce de novo pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thereby causing cell-cycle arrest. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy, a rare side effect of teriflunomide, in patients receiving teriflunomide. METHODS: Multiple sclerosis patients receiving teriflunomide (n=42) or other disease modifying therapies (n=18) and healthy controls (n=25) were enrolled in this cross-sectional …

The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropatholog…