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New serum soluble factors predicting inflammatory and non-inflammatory disability worsening in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Serum neurofilament light chains (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) associate respectively with acute inflamma … sGFAP values showed a remarkable decrease of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a cytokine involved in remyelination and axon repair produced by resting astroglia (q<0.0001 for NHGH and NLGH respectively). Additionally, NLGH patients exhibited pronounced decreases in soluble mediators essential for adaptive immune activation, including FLT3LG, TNFSF12, and TNF-α, …

Glia in tissue engineering: From biomaterial tools to transplantation.

Glia are imperative in nearly every function of the nervous system, including neurotransmission, neuronal repair, development, immunity, and … lar loss in insults and degenerative pathologies. Most glial grafts have employed Schwann cells for remyelination, but other glial with novel biomaterials have been employed, emphasizing their diverse functionality. Promising strategies have emerged, including neuroimmune mediation of glial scar tissues and facilitated migration and differentiation of stem cell …

Repeated intrathecal injections of peripheral nerve-derived stem cell spheroids improve outcomes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, existing treatments still face num … recovery in damaged areas. Notably, this treatment promoted nerve regeneration, axon regrowth, and remyelination. It also reduced glial scar formation and inflammation, while encouraging angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that repeated intrathecal injections of PNSC spheroids can significantly enhance neural recovery after TBI. This effect is medi …

3D-printed nerve guidance conduits multi-functionalized with canine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells promote neuroregeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Nerve injuries are debilitating, leading to long-term motor deficits. Remyelination and axonal growth are supported and enhanced by growth factor and cytokines. Combination of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with adipose-tissue-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (AdMSCs) has been performing promising strategy for nerve regeneration. METHODS: 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL)-NGCs were fabricated. Wistar rats subjected to critical sciatic nerve damage (12-mm gap) were divided into sham, autograft, PCL (empty NGC), and PCL + MSCs (NGC multi-functionalized with 106 canine A…

Netrin-1 Therapy Restores Partial Hindlimb Movement in a Rat Model of High-Severity Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal trauma caused by contusion or compression is the leading cause of spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide. These injuries frequently progr … nal findings correlate with anatomical and cellular observations, including regrowth, sprouting and remyelination of the CST; regrowth-reconnection of extrapyramidal tracts; regrowth-reconnection of serotonergic and dopaminergic axons; prevention of transsynaptic degeneration of lower motoneurons; and neuroprotection of both myelinated sciatic nerve fibers and …

Activation of XBP1s attenuates disease severity in models of proteotoxic Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B.

Mutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) are generally associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B (CMT1B) disease, one of the most common for … . We observed that Xbp1 is dispensable for normal developmental myelination, myelin maintenance and remyelination after injury. However, Xbp1 deletion dramatically worsens the hypomyelination and the electrophysiological and locomotor parameters observed in young and adult CMT1B neuropathic animals. RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that XBP1s exerts its adapti …

Activation of XBP1s attenuates disease severity in models of proteotoxic Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B.

Mutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) are generally associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B (CMT1B) disease, one of the most common for … . We observed that Xbp1 is dispensable for normal developmental myelination, myelin maintenance and remyelination after injury. However, Xbp1 deletion dramatically worsens the hypomyelination and the electrophysiological and locomotor parameters observed in young and adult CMT1B neuropathic animals. RNAseq analysis suggested that XBP1s exerts its adaptive funct …

Wuzi Yanzong Pill relieves CPZ-induced demyelination by improving the microenvironment in the brain.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP), a well-known prescription for invigorating the kidney and essence, which is widely used to treat infertility such as oligoasthenospermia. Studies have shown that WYP can be used to treat neurological diseases, but its therapeutic effects and mechanisms for multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: Based on the establishment of Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model, this study determined the effect of WYP on remyelination by detecting changes in the microenvironment of the central nervous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS…

Quantification of Myelinated Nerve Fraction and Degeneration in Spinal Cord Neuropil by SHIFT MRI.

BACKGROUND: Neurodegeneration is a complex cellular process linked to prompt changes in myelin integrity and gradual neuron loss. Current imaging techniques offer estimations of myelin volumes in lesions/remyelinated areas but are limited to detect subtle injury. PURPOSE: To investigate whether measurements detected by a signal hierarchically isolated as a function of time-to-echo (SHIFT) MRI technique can determine changes in myelin integrity and fiber axolemma. STUDY TYPE: Prospective animal model. ANIMAL MODEL: Surgically demyelinated spinal cord (SC) injury model in rodents (n = 6). FI

Intravenous immunoglobulins as therapeutic option in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Treatment of neurological disorders with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an increasing feature of practice for an expanding range of in … stablished steroid treatment showed no benefit. Despite promising experimental data on promotion of remyelination, fixed chronic deficits were not reversed or improved by long-term IVIG treatment either. Currently there is no indication for IVIG treatment in the chronic progressive disease stages, since a large and well-designed RCT failed to show any beneficia …

Selective Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Beta (TRβ) Agonists: New Perspectives for the Treatment of Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Thyroid hormones (THs) elicit significant effects on numerous physiological processes, such as growth, development, and metabolism. A lack of thyroid hormones is not compatible with normal health. Most THs effects are mediated by two different thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms, namely TRα and TRβ, with the TRβ isoform known to be responsible for the main beneficial effects of TH on liver. In brain, despite the crucial role of TRα isoform in neuronal development, TRβ has been proposed to play a role in the remyelination processes. Consequently, over the past two decades, much effort has be…

Sustained MAPK/ERK Activation in Adult Schwann Cells Impairs Nerve Repair.

The MAPK/ERK pathway has a critical role in PNS development. It is required for Schwann cell (SC) differentiation and myelination; sustained … Our results emphasize the distinct role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in developmental myelination versus remyelination and the importance of signaling between SCs and axons for successful axon regeneration.

[Relationship between the levels and variation of CXCL12, PDGF, CXCL14 in cerebrospinal fluid of optic neuritis and neuromyelitis optica].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictive value of the prognosis and outcome for optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) by investigat … XCL12 level and PDGF in CSF (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced concentration of cytokine that promoted remyelination such as CXCL12 and PDGF in cerebrospinal fluid of the ON and NMO patients may predict a bad myelin regeneration.

Electrophysiology and nerve biopsy in men exposed to lead.

ABSTRACT Twenty lead-exposed men were selected on the basis of a maximum level of lead in the blood of 70-140 μg/100 ml within the past year … inated nerve fibres was normal and demyelination was absent. In teased fibres, those with paranodal remyelination were slightly increased, and few fibres had segments with diminished diameter. The mechanism of the defect causing the slight slowing in conduction in lead-exposed men seems to differ from the lesion in patients with clinical evidence of lead neurop …

MSC-derived extracellular vesicles for spinal cord injury: inflammatory microenvironment modulation, stage-dependent repair mechanisms, and translational challenges.

Spinal cord injury is not only an acute mechanical insult but also the beginning of a prolonged secondary pathological process dominated by … otective effects are closely linked to downstream neuroprotection, angiogenesis, axonal plasticity, remyelination, and tissue repair. Mechanistically, MSC-EVs regulate multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, ERK, RhoA/ROCK, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin, and deliver regulatory microRNAs such as miR-133b, miR-21, miR-29, miR-126, and miR-486-5 …

NanoScript-Enabled Nonviral Transient Repression of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog for Axonal Regeneration and Central Nervous System Injury Repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a debilitating neurological disorder with limited therapeutic options, as existing treatments primarily add … hat collectively support spinal cord repair. Histologically, NS-PTEN enhanced axonal continuity and remyelination, as evidenced by denser NF-positive fibers and substantially greater MBP preservation than in both the injury and AuNP groups. Concurrently, NS-PTEN markedly attenuated astroglial and microglial reactivity, reducing GFAP+ border formation and dimini …

A biomimetic supramolecular hydrogel enabling sequential dual-agent release reprograms the inflammatory microenvironment for sciatic nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) repair is fundamentally hindered by a dysregulated inflammatory microenvironment and insufficient bioactive co … -DA hydrogel repaired the injured rat sciatic nerve, attenuated gastrocnemius atrophy, and promoted remyelination, restored the conduction function and motor function. While modulating inflammation and immune responses, the QK@CM-CTS/OCS-DA hydrogel also effectively enhanced energy supply, creating favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. C …

Посттрансляционные изменения в нейроиммунных клетках во время нейроинфламмации: комплексные сети регулирования и терапевтические возможности.

Нейроинфламмация представляет собой общий патологический механизм, лежащий в основе широкого спектра нарушений центральной нервной системы (КНС), включая нейродегенеративные расстройства (НДД), ишемический инсульт (ИС), травматическое повреждение мозга (ТБИ) и демиелионирующие заболевания, такие как множественный склероз (МС). Этот процесс начинается с организованной реакции микроглий, астроцитов, олигодендроцитов, нейронов, эндотелиальных клеток головного мозга и проникновения в периферийные иммунные клетки. Нейроинфламмация может облегчить ремонт тканей или, наоборот, увековечить хроническое

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neuroinflammation represents a common pathological mechanism underlying a wide range of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, encompassing … ys, as well as the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), oligodendrocyte differentiation, and remyelination processes. Additionally, we assess PTM-regulating enzymes as potential therapeutic targets, while highlighting current limitations such as uneven cell-specific evidence, extrapolation from non-neural systems, low modification stoichiometry, rapid tu …

Alterations in Endogenous Stem Cell Populations in the Acute Phase of Blast-Induced Spinal Cord Injury.

BACKGROUND: Blast-induced spinal cord injury (bSCI) is prevalent among military populations and frequently leads to irreversible spinal cord … d due to these cells' proliferative nature, ability to enhance neuro-regeneration, neuroprotection, remyelination of axons, and modulation of the immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that the impaired function after injury is due to a lack of specific ectoderm and neural stem cell population activity at the injury site. METHODS …

CTSS regulates macrophage lipid metabolic reprogramming and white matter repair after intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes secondary white matter injury, which contributes substantially to long-term neurological d … crophage lipid efflux. CTSS inhibition limits macrophage-derived lipid support for OPCs and impairs remyelination, whereas LXR activation partially restores these reparative responses.