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Innovative Approaches in Bone Tissue Engineering: Strategies for Cancer Treatment and Recovery.

Cancer has rapidly emerged as a leading global cause of premature mortality, with significant economic implications projected to reach USD 25.2 trillion from 2020 to 2050. Among the various types of cancer, primary bone cancers, though uncommon, are projected to see nearly 4000 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2024. The complexity of treating bone cancer arises from its rarity, diversity, and the challenges associated with surgical interventions, metastatic spread, and post-operative complications. Advancements in bone tissue engineering (BTE) have introduced innovative therapeutic

Терапевтический потенциал зубных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в сравнении с мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками из других источников: систематический обзор исследований животных.

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ терапия на основе стволовых клеток, являющаяся одной из важнейших областей регенеративной медицины, направлена на совершенствование механизмов ремонта тела (d) путем стимулирования, модуляции и регулирования внутренних стволовых клеток или пополнения пулов клеток, способствуя тем самым развитию гомеостаза и регенерации тканей и предлагая перспективное лечение многочисленных системных заболеваний. В настоящем систематическом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющее резюме исследований животных, в ходе которых изучается эффективность зубоврачебных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (НКЦ) в лечен

Musculoskeletal Organs-on-Chips: An Emerging Platform for Studying the Nanotechnology-Biology Interface.

Nanotechnology-based approaches are promising for the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, which present significant clinical burdens and challenges, but their clinical translation requires a deep understanding of the complex interplay between nanotechnology and MSK biology. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems have emerged as an innovative and versatile microphysiological platform to replicate the dynamics of tissue microenvironment for studying nanotechnology-biology interactions. This review first covers recent advances and applications of MSK OoCs and their ability to mimic the biophysic

Pre-clinical Research on Bladder Toxicity After Radiotherapy for Pelvic Cancers: State-of-the Art and Challenges.

Despite the dramatic advancements in pelvic radiotherapy, urinary toxicity remains a significant side-effect. The assessment of clinico-dosimetric predictors of radiation cystitis (RC) based on clinical data has improved substantially over the last decade; however, a thorough understanding of the physiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset of RC, with its variegated acute and late urinary symptoms, is still largely lacking, and data from pre-clinical research is still limited. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main open issues and, ideally, to help investigators in

Сексуальная последовательность показывает низкочастотные и редкие варианты воздействия на подверженность множественным склерозам в турецких семьях.

Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется как болезнь центральной нервной системы с иммунной помощью, которая характеризуется хроническим воспалением, обезвоживанием и прогрессивным нейродегенерацией. В этом исследовании мы проанализировали вклад низкочастотных и редких генетических вариантов в подверженность MS в рамках одной из крупнейших на сегодняшний день семейных групп MS, в состав которых входят 215 человек из 59 турецких семей с множественными MS. На всех образцах, включая затронутых и не затронутых членов, была проведена целая последовательность экзотических операций, за которой посл

Dysregulated TRK signalling is a therapeutic target in CYLD defective tumours.

Individuals with germline mutations in the tumour-suppressor gene CYLD are at high risk of developing disfiguring cutaneous appendageal tumours, the defining tumour being the highly organised cylindroma. Here, we analysed CYLD mutant tumour genomes by array comparative genomic hybridisation and gene expression microarray analysis. CYLD mutant tumours were characterised by an absence of copy-number aberrations apart from LOH chromosome 16q, the genomic location of the CYLD gene. Gene expression profiling of CYLD mutant tumours showed dysregulated tropomyosin kinase (TRK) signalling, with overex

The anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor Pazopanib kills cancer cells and disrupts endothelial networks in biomimetic three-dimensional renal tumouroids.

Pazopanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat renal cell carcinoma. Few in vitro studies investigate its effects towards cancer cells or endothelial cells in the presence of cancer. We tested the effect of Pazopanib on renal cell carcinoma cells (CAKI-2,786-O) in two-dimensional and three-dimensional tumouroids made of dense extracellular matrix, treated in normoxia and hypoxia. Finally, we engineered complex tumouroids with a stromal compartment containing fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Simple CAKI-2 tumouroids were more resistant to Pazopanib than 786-O tumouroids. Under hypoxia

Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis, with age and in disease.

Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Within the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors, however, there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover. Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro: with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity, alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis. However, human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin conc

Molecular Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Imaging of Metastatic Jaw Tumors.

Metastasis is the spread of malignant cells from a primary tumor to distant sites through lymphatics or blood vessels. Malignant lesions metastasizing to the oral and perioral region are a rarity indeed. Malignant lesions could metastasize to both soft tissue of oral cavity and the hard tissues of the jaws and recent meta-analysis showed that metastasis is more common in the jaws than oral soft tissues because of rich vascular supply. The incidence is very low when compared to the incidence of primary oral cancers; nevertheless, one has to include in the diagnostic workup, metastatic malignant

Связанные с мукосом инвариантные Т клетки в автоматическом иммунитете, заболеваниях, вызванных иммунной медициной, и заболеваниях дыхательных путей.

Инвариантные клетки, связанные с мукосалом Т (MAIT) — это новый класс врожденных Т клеток, выражающий полуинвариантный рецептор Т-клеток (TCR) и способный распознавать небольшие молекулы, представленные на неполиморфическом белоке MHC 1. Их врожденный фенотип фемориального эффекта, позволяющий секретить провоспалительные цитокины, и их относительное изобилие в человеке означает значительный потенциал для содействия аутоиммунным процессам. Однако, поскольку до недавнего времени клетки MAIT были неизвестны, а конкретные иммунологические инструменты отсутствовали, мало что известно об их роли в б

Extracellular matrix dysregulation in aging, calcification, and cancer diseases: insights into cellular senescence, inflammation, and novel therapeutic strategies.

This review underscores the dynamic role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating cellular behavior and maintaining tissue homeostasis, highlighting its pivotal involvement in aging, calcification, and cancer diseases. In healthy tissues, controlled ECM remodeling provides essential biochemical and mechanical cues, but dysregulation (driven by chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication) leads to fibrosis, calcification, and the creation of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Senescent cells contribute to these changes through senescence-associated

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… type X) 130 . … Collagen type VII is found in Descemet´s membrane and vascular sub-endothelial matrices 137 , while collagen type X is present in the hypertrophic zone of growth plate cartilage 138 . …

Metabolic effects of pamidronate in patients with metastatic bone disease.

We have evaluated the value of specific bone resorption markers in monitoring metastatic bone disease to define the duration of action of a single high-dose pamidronate infusion. Twenty patients received a single infusion of pamidronate 120 mg for painful bone metastases. Ten out of these 20 patients also received a second infusion. They were evaluated at baseline, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after each infusion. A composite pain questionnaire, serum and urine tests were carried out at these time points. Bone resorption markers measured included urinary calcium, hydroxyproline and two new markers: pyridi

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Insights Into Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Implications.

Radiation therapy is a fundamental component of cancer treatment, benefiting 50%-70% of patients by selectively targeting malignant tissues. However, radioresistance remains a significant challenge, often driven by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases cancer invasiveness and metastasis by upregulating mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and N-cadherin, and downregulating epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin. EMT under radiation involves principal signaling pathways, including TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and ERK, which regulate EMT through transcription factors such as

Soluble Biomarkers of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, from Pathway Mapping to Clinical Trials: An Update.

Serum biomarkers of osteoarticular diseases have been in the limelight of current clinical research trends. Laboratory validation of defined and candidate biomarkers for both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis is of key importance for future decisional algorithms in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of these diseases. The current guidelines recommend the use of collagen degradation remnants, eg, CTX-I and CTX-II, in the complementary diagnosis of both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Besides the collagen degradation markers, enzymes that regulate bone and articular metabolism are useful in

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Collagen X overexpression indicates altered chondrocyte metabolism and hypertrophy; He et al measured the degradation products of collagen type X and found that OA patients with K-L scores ≥ 2have significantly higher levels of the molecule. … He et al 109 also performed investigations on patients of the C4pain Study (n=253), and a cohort of the NYU OA Progression Study (n=146) and found that a cathepsin K-generated fragment of collagen type X, Col10neo, measured from urine is significantly higher in the OA group than in controls and RA subjects …

Oral Food Supplement with Bio-Activated Silicium and Vitamins D3 and K2 in the Conservative Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are the most prevalent manifestation of osteoporotic skeletal disease, associated with severe pain, functional decline, and elevated risk of subsequent fractures. Conservative management remains the first-line approach for stable fractures, yet pain control is often suboptimal, and vertebral collapse progresses in up to 37% of patients. Bio-activated orthosilicic acid combined with vitamins D3 and K2 (BioSi-DK) may support fracture healing through complementary mechanisms acting on osteoblast differentiation, collagen synthesis,

Anticancer effect of minor phytocannabinoids in preclinical models of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of clonal plasmacells. Bone disease is responsible for the severe complications of MM and is caused by myeloma cells infiltrating the bone marrow and inducing osteoclast activation. To date, no treatment for MM is truly curative since patients relapse and become refractory to all drug classes. Cannabinoids are already used as palliative in cancer patients. Furthermore, their proper anticancer effect was demonstrated in many cancer models in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Anyway, few information was reported on the e

Potential Targeting Mechanisms for Bone-Directed Therapies.

Bone development is characterized by complex regulation mechanisms, including signal transduction and transcription factor-related pathways, glycobiological processes, cellular interactions, transportation mechanisms, and, importantly, chemical formation resulting from hydroxyapatite. Any abnormal regulation in the bone development processes causes skeletal system-related problems. To some extent, the avascularity of cartilage and bone makes drug delivery more challenging than that of soft tissues. Recent studies have implemented many novel bone-targeting approaches to overcome drawbacks. Howe

Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series Published Between 2015 and 2025 on the Use of Biomaterials for Closure of Oroantral Fistula.

Oroantral fistulas (OAFs) challenge the clinical decision-making of oral surgeons, requiring selection of an effective biomaterial for successful closure. This systematic review aims to evaluate recent biomaterials and techniques for closing oroantral fistulas, as reported in case reports and series. The goal of this review was to assess how different biomaterials affect the clinical closure of OAFs and oroantral communication. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Multiple scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were comprehensively searched using relevant

The osteoblast in regulation of tumor cell dormancy and bone metastasis.

Breast and prostate cancer are among the most common malignancies worldwide. After treatment of the primary tumor, distant metastases often occur after a long disease-free interval. Bone is a major site for breast and prostate cancer metastasis and approximately 70% of patients with advanced disese suffer from osteolytic or osteoblastic bone metastases, a stage at which the disease is incurable. In bone, the disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can become quiescent or "dormant", a state where they are alive but not actively dividing. Alternatively, the cancer cells can proliferate, disturb the bone

Perspective Applications and Associated Challenges of Using Nanocellulose in Treating Bone-Related Diseases.

Bone serves to maintain the shape of the human body due to its hard and solid nature. A loss or weakening of bone tissues, such as in case of traumatic injury, diseases (e.g., osteosarcoma), or old age, adversely affects the individuals quality of life. Although bone has the innate ability to remodel and regenerate in case of small damage or a crack, a loss of a large volume of bone in case of a traumatic injury requires the restoration of bone function by adopting different biophysical approaches and chemotherapies as well as a surgical reconstruction. Compared to the biophysical and chemothe