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Youth suicide in New Mexico: a 26-year retrospective review.

Although suicidal behavior in children and adolescents is a major public health problem, large-scale research on suicide in this population is uncommon. In this study, we reviewed autopsy and field reports for all pediatric suicide cases referred to the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator from 1979 to 2005. The age-adjusted suicide rate was 4.8 per 100,000. Psychologic stressors and parasuicidal behavior were identified in some cases. Seventy-six percent of suicides occurred in the victim's home or yard, and 25% left a suicide note. In 26% of cases, alcohol or other drugs were detect

Endotracheal intubations in rural pediatric trauma patients.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Evidence from urban trauma centers questions the efficacy of pediatric field endotracheal intubations (ETIs). It is recognized that in the rural environment, discovery, transport delays, and a paucity of pediatric expertise contribute to higher pediatric trauma mortality rates compared with urban environments. The purpose of our study was to determine the effectiveness of field ETI in rural pediatric trauma patients. METHODS: ETI attempts (field, referring hospital, trauma center [TC]) in trauma patients less than 19 years old were included. Prehospital and TC charts, incl

Correlation between serum IL-6 levels and death: usefulness in diagnosis of "traumatic shock"?

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been considered as an important mediator of inflammation. Clinically it is a well-known marker of the severity of injury following major trauma. In this study, the levels of IL-6 in body serum were applied to a traumatic death index. Of ninety victims 55 were men and 35 women, with a mean age of 53.4+/- 19 (S.D.) years. The cases were classified as traumatic deaths (38 cases), non-traumatic deaths other than natural causes of deaths (36 cases), and deaths due to natural causes (16 cases). All samples were collected within 2 days after death. The mean values of IL-6 lev

Premature mortality risk in individuals with convulsive epilepsy: Results from a longitudinal, prospective, population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess premature mortality and identify associated risk factors among individuals with convulsive epilepsy in resource-poor se … eaths. Additionally, the highest standardized proportional mortality ratio (SPMR) was observed from drowning in all cause of death (10.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6-13.8), followed by burning (9.0, 95% CI: 3.7-18.9). Factors that increased the risk of all-cause mortality included male sex, late age of onset, short disease duration, high body mass in …

Association between maternal and paternal mental illness and risk of injuries in children and adolescents: nationwide register based cohort study in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between parental mental illness and the risk of injuries among offspring. DESIGN: Retrospective coh … tient healthcare registers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of injuries (transport injury, fall, burn, drowning and suffocation, poisoning, violence) at ages 0-1, 2-5, 6-9, 10-12, and 13-17 years, comparing children of parents with mental illness and children of parents without mental illness, calculated as the rate difference and rate ratio adjusted for conf …

Toxicological findings: A retrospective overview of medico-legal investigations in Parma (Italy).

The aim of this study was to collect all available data from 2009 to 2016 focusing on the epidemiological, clinical and pharmacological issues only related to acute intoxication fatalities in the Unit of Legal Medicine of the Department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Parma. All death certificates and autopsy reports were retrieved from the archives and evaluated to identify cases in which only acute intoxication from xenobiotics could be defined as the cause of death, however statistical and descriptive analyses were applied to all the data. A more comprehensive analysis on all c

Expanded analysis of injury mortality among unionized construction workers.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the utility of expanding the number and precision of injury categories used in previous occupational mortality studies, this study reanalyzed data from four previous studies of unionized construction workers (construction laborers, ironworkers, sheet metal workers, and operating engineers), by expanding the number of injury categories from 6 to 33. METHODS: Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed using the distribution of deaths from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System, a mortality surveillance system from 28 states, as a comparison. A b

Elevator-Related Deaths.

Elevators are mechanical transportation devices used to move vertically between different levels of a building. When first developed, elevators lacked the safety features. When safety mechanisms were developed, elevators became a common feature of multistory buildings. Despite their well-regarded safety record, elevators are not without the potential for danger of injury or death. Persons at-risk for elevator-related death include maintenance and construction workers, other employees, and those who are prone to risky behavior. Deaths may be related to asphyxia, blunt force, avulsion injuries,

The Asian Tsunami: PAHO disaster guidelines in action in India.

INTRODUCTION: On 26 December 2004, an earthquake (9.0 Richter, 10 kilometers below the sea) near Sumatra, Indonesia, triggered a tsunami, wh … 7. Essentially, injuries were minor, and two children with pulmonary edema secondary to salt-water drowning recovered fully. The hospital was cleaned of debris and seaweed on Day 3 and the equipment was restored, but it remained only partially functional. This is because many staff members did not come to work because of rumors that another tsunami was im …

Women who kill their children.

UNLABELLED: The killing of a newborn on the day of its birth is known as neonaticide. A child aged 1 through 16 has a different role in the … occupation. Generally the economic status was average. Head trauma, strangulation, suffocation, and drowning were the most frequent means of filicide. However, some mothers used more active methods such as striking and shooting. Disturbed or disturbing behavior was documented in 15 perpetrators. Seven women tried to commit suicide. It was often possible to …

CPR-only survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: implications for out-of-hospital care and cardiac arrest research methodology.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: There is little evidence that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) alone may lead to the resuscitation of cardiac arrest victims with other than respiratory causes (eg, pediatric arrest, drowning, drug overdose). The objective of this study was to identify out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors resuscitated without defibrillation or advanced cardiac life support. METHODS: This observational cohort included all adult survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of a cardiac cause from phases I and II of the Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support Study. During the study peri…

Leveraging Immersive Virtual Reality to Prevent Child Injuries in the Home: Proof-of-Concept Study.

BACKGROUND: Injury is the leading cause of death among US children, with over 2700 deaths due to unintentional injuries among children aged … environment among US children aged <6 years, including sleep-related deaths, firearm injuries, and drowning. Hazards and corresponding tasks in the IVR program were developed for these leading causes. Findings from interviews with providers indicate that they are open to the use of IVR in EBPPs and envision uses for both group and individual settings. The …

A Descriptive Analysis of Patients With Attempted Suicide at a Rural Level I Trauma Center.

OBJECTIVES: For patients with self-harm, suicide attempt, or suicide completion, the trauma bay is often the single point of contact. Region … ion criteria included accidental motor vehicle death, accidental generalized deaths, and accidental drowning. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, mechanism of injury (MOI), death rates, length of stay (LOS), injury severity score (ISS), home zip code, day of the week, transfer vs. from scene, location of injury, alcohol levels, and urine drug screening results w …

Acute injury to the immature brain with hypoxia with or without hypoperfusion.

This article reviews the imaging features and evolution of immature brain injury caused by hypoxia with or without hypoperfusion in the neonate and young child. Clinical presentations and available literature on mechanisms and clinical outcomes are discussed. In many of these cases, diffusion-weighted imaging does not show the full extent of the injury but detects a pattern of injury that is important in guiding clinical care. Awareness of the delayed cell death mechanisms is essential to understand diffusion-weighted imaging sensitivity and evolution and to provide the most accurate clinical

Acute influence of alcohol, THC or central stimulants on violent suicide: A Swedish population study.

Alcohol and substance abuse in general is a risk factor for suicide, but very little is known about the acute effect in relation to suicide method. Based on information from 18,894 medico-legal death investigations, including toxicological findings and manner of death, did the present study investigate whether acute influence of alcohol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or central stimulants (amphetamine and cocaine) was related to the use of a violent suicide method, in comparison with the nonviolent method self-poisoning and alcohol-/illicit drug-negative suicide decedents. Multivariate analysis

Age-Related Disease Burden in China, 1997-2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: The population is aging much faster in China than other low- and middle-income countries. With the accelerated aging of the population, incidence and disease burden of age-related diseases have also continued to increase. Exploring the burden of age-related diseases is crucial for early disease prevention, assessing the extent of population aging, and achieving the goal of healthy aging. Methods: We used the dataset from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), and selected data on incidence, prevalence, and disease burden in China, in 1997, 2007, and

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… ; Self-harm by firearm; Self-harm by other specified means; Environmental heat and cold exposure ( 6 ) | Other transport injuries; Falls; Drowning; Non-venomous animal contact; Other unintentional injuries; Self-harm by firearm; Self-harm by other specified means; Environmental heat and cold exposure … ( 8 ) | Other transport injuries; Drowning; Non-venomous animal contact; Other unintentional injuries; Self-harm by firearm; Self-harm by other specified means; Environmental heat and cold exposure ( 7 ) | Drowning; environmental heat and cold exposure; falls; foreign body in other body part; other …

Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling of PTSD Development Among Recent Trauma Survivors.

IMPORTANCE: The weak link between subjective symptom-based diagnostics for posttraumatic psychopathology and objective neurobiological indic … ncluded motor vehicle incidents, physical assaults, robberies, hostilities, electric shocks, fires, drownings, work accidents, terror attacks, or large-scale disasters. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a whole-brain machine learning approach, was applied to resting-state and task-based fMRI data collected at 1 month …

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Willingness Among People With and Without Heart Disease Relatives in Saudi Arabia Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving procedure that can be performed in many situations where a person's breathing or heartbeat has stopped, such as during a heart attack, suffocation, near drowning, or electrical injuries. Despite its importance, to our knowledge, no research has been conducted yet in our community on the differences in CPR knowledge, attitudes, and willingness between those with and without heart disease relatives. Objective This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and willingness of people with and without heart disease relativ…

Association of MRI Brain Injury With Outcome After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the extent of diffusion restriction and T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) injury on brain MRI and outcomes after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: Diffusion restriction and T2/FLAIR injury were described according to the pediatric MRI modification of the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (modsASPECTS) for children from 2005 to 2013 who had an MRI within 14 days of OHCA. The primary outcome was unfavorable neurologic outcome defined as ≥1 change in Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (