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Abstracts

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Nanoparticle T-cell engagers as a modular platform for cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-based immunotherapy, such as CAR-T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), has shown promising clinical outcomes in many cancers; however, these therapies have significant limitations, such as poor pharmacokinetics and the ability to target only one antigen on the cancer cells. In multiclonal diseases, these therapies confer the development of antigen-less clones, causing tumor escape and relapse. In this study, we developed nanoparticle-based bispecific T-cell engagers (nanoBiTEs), which are liposomes decorated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting T cells, and mAb

The research progress on radionuclides in osteoporosis diagnosis and drug efficacy monitoring.

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that seriously affects the quality of life and health of patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have limitations in early detection and dynamic monitoring, making it difficult to meet clinical needs. This paper focuses on the potential of radionuclide imaging techniques, such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The paper further elaborates on the importance of radionuclides in evaluating the therapeu

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Beta particles are electrons or positrons, while alpha particles are helium nuclei composed of two protons and two neutrons. …

Chimeric Antigen Receptors Based on Low Affinity Mutants of FcεRI Re-direct T Cell Specificity to Cells Expressing Membrane IgE.

IgE is the key mediator of allergic responses. Omalizumab, an IgE-specific monoclonal antibody that depletes IgE, is effective for treating severe allergic asthma. The need for frequent administration of the expensive drug, however, limits its applications. Taking advantage of T cell memory, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) targeting IgE-producing cells has the potential to achieve long-term suppression of IgE and relief of symptoms for severe allergic diseases. The transmembrane form of IgE (mIgE), which is present on all IgE-producing cells, serves as an excellent molecular target for ACT that

Recent Innovations and Nano-Delivery of Actinium-225: A Narrative Review.

The actinium-225 (225Ac) radioisotope exhibits highly attractive nuclear properties for application in radionuclide therapy. However, the 225Ac radionuclide presents multiple daughter nuclides in its decay chain, which can escape the targeted site, circulate in plasma, and cause toxicity in areas such as kidneys and renal tissues. Several ameliorative strategies have been devised to circumvent this issue, including nano-delivery. Alpha-emitting radionuclides and nanotechnology applications in nuclear medicine have culminated in major advancements that offer promising therapeutic possibilities

How histone modifications influence cellular radiosensitivity: Pharmaceutically targeting epigenetic regulators as a promising avenue to overcome radioresistance.

Cancer remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT), a cornerstone of oncological treatment for over a century, has achieved great success in various cancers. However, radioresistance remains the primary factor leading to the failure of radiotherapy. Histone modifications in cancer cells are known to play a pivotal role in regulating radiosensitivity by modulating chromatin structure, either by loosening or tightening it. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the link between aberrant histone modifications and radiation resistance across various cancer and normal t

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… High-LET radiation, such as alpha particles and neutrons, is shown to induce complex, clustered damage, while low-LET radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, typically causes more isolated, single-strand breaks. … High-LET radiation, such as alpha particles and neutrons, is shown to induce complex, clustered damage, while low-LET radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, typically causes more isolated, single-strand breaks. …

Meeting abstracts from the 21st European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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Узкие полифенолы в питании свиноматок: обновление.

Окисляющий стресс является потенциально критическим фактором, влияющим на производительность гектарирующих и кормящих свиней. Полифенолы представляют собой большой класс вторичных метаболитов растений, обладающих мощными антиоксидантами. Все полифенолы структурно характеризуются ароматическими кольцами с множеством гидроксилов водорода; они делают полифенолы идеальными атомами водорода и электронными донорами для нейтрализации свободных радикалов и других реактивных видов кислорода. В течение последнего десятилетия все большее внимание уделялось полифенолам в качестве функциональных кормовых д

Beyond Palliation: Therapeutic Applications of 153Samarium-EDTMP.

Primary and metastatic malignant bone lesions result in significant pain and disability in oncology patients. Targeted bone-seeking radioisotopes including 153Samarium ethylene-diamine-tetramethylene-phosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP) have been shown to effectively palliate bone pain, often when external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is not feasible. However, recent evidence also suggests 153Sm-EDTMP has cytotoxic activity either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or EBRT. 153Sm-EDTMP may be useful as anti-neoplastic therapy apart from pain palliation in a variety of malignancies. For prostate ca

Prospect of Gold Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer

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Clinical Experience with Targeted Alpha-Emitter Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (α-PRRT) for Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background: α-emitting Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (α-PRRT) is emerging as a promising new generation of PRRT for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), providing enhanced tumor cell cytotoxicity and reduced irradiation of adjacent healthy tissues due to its high linear energy transfer (LET) and short particle range. This review summarizes available clinical evidence on α-PRRT using different α-emitting isotopes, including actinium-225, lead-212, and bismuth-213, in somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-positive NETs. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Coch

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Therefore, there is an increased interest in using α-emitting radionuclides for PRRT. α-particles consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, i.e., a helium-4 nucleus. Due to this higher mass, α-emitters have a shorter tissue range (40–100 µm) compared to β emitters (2–12 mm) [ 28 ]. …

Beyond regulations at DNA levels: A review of epigenetic therapeutics targeting cancer stem cells.

In the past few years, the paramount role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in terms of cancer initiation, proliferation, metastasis, invasion and chemoresistance, has been revealed by accumulating studies. However, this level of cellular plasticity cannot be entirely explained by genetic mutations. Research on epigenetic modifications as a complementary explanation for the properties of CSCs has been increasing over the past several years. Notably, therapeutic strategies are currently being developed in an effort to reverse aberrant epigenetic alterations using specific chemical inhibitors. In thi

СНМИКОН 2024 Резюме

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Cardiac Interventions in Patients With Active, Advanced Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

Invasive cardiac interventions are recommended to treat ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, multivessel coronary disease, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, and cardiomyopathy. These recommendations are based on randomized controlled trials that historically included few individuals with active, advanced malignancies. Advanced malignancies represent a significant competing risk for mortality, and there is limited evidence to inform the risks and benefits of invasive cardiac interventions in affected patients. We review the benefit con

Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors.

Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) aims to selectively deliver radionuclides emitting α-particles (cytotoxic payload) to tumors by chelation to monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules that recognize tumor-associated antigens or cell-surface receptors. Because of the high linear energy transfer (LET) and short range of alpha (α) particles in tissue, cancer cells can be significantly damaged while causing minimal toxicity to surrounding healthy cells. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of TAT in the treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prosta

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Alpha (α)-emission is the process by which an unstable nucleus ejects a highly-energetic, heavy, charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. Alpha (α)-particles have a higher LET (100 keV/µm) compared to β-particles (0.2 keV/µm) which results in a dense ionization track in matter. …

Radionuclide-labelled nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy: a review.

Radionuclide therapy (RT) is widely used to advanced local cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Combination therapy aims to circumvent tumor resistance, and the combination of RT with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CMT), and immunotherapy has shown promising treatment outcomes. Nanotechnology holds promise in advancing combination therapy by integrating multiple therapies on a nanostructure platform. This is due to the increased surface area, passive/active targeting capabilities, high payload

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Except active targeting, targeted specificity can also be achieved through magnetism, X-rays, heavy ions, neutrons, and ultrasound induction. The efficacy of combination therapy is not necessarily superior to single therapy. …

Резюме АОКНМБ и СНМИКС 2025

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Реконструкция петли антикодона и форма D-стима приводят к конкретному распознаванию ANN-декодирования tRNA для модификации t6A.

N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) — универсальная трансфертная модификация RNA (tRNA), необходимая для перевода. Модификация устанавливается в положение 37 ANN-декодирование tRNAs (N is A, U, G или C) путем переноса треонилкарбамойла из промежуточного пути, катализированного в бактериях комплексом ЦаБД. Несмотря на строгое требование в отношении 36-UAA-38 Последовательность в субстрате tRNS, структурная основа этой специфичности остается неясной. Мы определили крио-эм-структуры "Термотога маритима Т6А" синтазы, связанные с немодифицированной и изначально модифицированной ТRNA с модификацией

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Macromolecular structure determination using X-rays, neutrons and electrons: recent developments in Phenix. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2019;75:861–77. 10.1107/S2059798319011471. 58. Emsley P, Lohkamp B, Scott WG et al. Features and development of Coot. …

Целевые стратегии лечения рака цвета кожи: изучение использования аптемеров и золотых нанопчастей.

Рак цвета кожи (КЗК) является второй ведущей причиной смертности от рака и является причиной ~10% из всех случаев рака. По оценкам, во всем мире случаи, связанные с КПР 1.9 million и 930,000 смертями в 2022. Несмотря на расширение доступа к обследованиям и лечению в рамках КПР, ожидается, что показатели смертности резко возрастут в районах с низким уровнем ресурсов, что подчеркивает настоятельную необходимость принятия новаторских мер по лечению в рамках КПР. Текущая химиотерапия создает проблемы, такие, как плохая биодоступность, резистентность к многочисленным лекарствам и негативные побочны

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… Radiotherapy employs X-rays, gamma rays and neutrons that damage the DNA of cancer cells. It is non-invasive, cost-effective and suitable for localized tumors. Also, it improves the cure rate when used in combination with surgery (pre- or post-operative) and/or chemotherapy [ 47 ]. …

CXCR4 induces memory formation over exhaustion in CAR-T cells to achieve durable leukemia targeting.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but its success in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains limited. Durable responses depend on the formation of long-lived memory T cells, whereas T cell exhaustion contributes to non-response and relapse. In patients with AML who achieved remission after cord blood transplantation, we here first observe enrichment of memory T cells with high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Next, we show that engineering CAR-T cells to co-express CXCR4 enhances their persistence and anti-leukemic acti