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Apocynin reduces dihydroethidium fluorescence in naked mole-rat cortex independently of NADPH oxidase.

Pharmacological agents that modulate cellular targets offer a powerful approach to interrogate the role of a given component in cellular sig … oxia➔reoxygenation protocol. Using fluorescence microscopy, we found that apocynin decreased dihydroethidium fluorescence from naked mole-rat cortex in all treatment conditions by 65-75% of pre-drug normoxic control. This change was rapid, occurring within minutes of drug perfusion, and reversed equally rapidly upon washout. Conversely, apocynin had no eff …

Trypanosoma Congolense Resistant to Trypanocidal Drugs Homidium and Diminazene and their Molecular Characterization in Lambwe, Kenya.

PURPOSE: African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a disease affecting livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of trypanocidal agents is common practice to control AAT. This study aimed to identify drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense in Lambwe, Kenya, and assess if molecular test backed with mice tests is reliable in detecting drug sensitivity. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from cattle, in Lambwe, subjected to buffy coat extraction and Trypanosoma spp. detected under a microscope. Field and archived isolates were subjected to molecular characterization. Species-specific T. congolense

Detection of DNA based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer of polyelectrolyte-protected CdTe quantum dots as energy donors.

The approach for DNA detection was established by using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system, in which the energy donor was poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride-protected quantum dots and the energy receptor was ethidium bromide (EB) inserting into the double stranded DNA. The concentration of the probe DNA, EB and NaCl was optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the FRET system has a stable signal and good reproducibility. The linear range is 7.7-61.6 nM with the correlation coefficient of 0.998 and the limit of detection is 7.7 nM. This method is simple and sensitive, a…

Ferulic acid derivatives inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus tetK and MsrA efflux pumps.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial resistance to multiple drugs has recently emerged as a serious health problem. Concomitantly, the characterization of … alysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ferulic acid and its esterified derivatives, ethidium bromide, and antibiotics were obtained using the microdilution test, while the efflux pump inhibition test was conducted by examining reduction in the MICs. RESULTS: Propylferulate was seen to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bo …

The Asp20-to-Asn Substitution in the Response Regulator AdeR Leads to Enhanced Efflux Activity of AdeB in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Overexpression of the resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump AdeABC is often associated with multidrug resistance in Acinetoba … (Asp20)SABC transformant showed reduced susceptibility to 6 antimicrobials and accumulated 12% less ethidium than the control, whereas the Asn20 variant showed reduced susceptibility to 6 of 8 antimicrobial classes tested, and its ethidium accumulation was only 72% of that observed for the vector-only construct. adeB expression was 7-fold higher in the ade …

Anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus VP3 protein (apoptin) in Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumours in chicken.

The anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus VP3 protein (apoptin) was investigated in vitro in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed c … acteristic changes of apoptosis using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In vivo study also indicated that apoptin induced apoptosis and caused tumour regression by an intratumoral-delivery method. Apoptotic changes, such as nuclear condensation, fragmentation of the chromatin and formation of apoptic b …

Functional response of the small multidrug resistance protein EmrE to mutations in transmembrane helix 2.

Escherichia coli EmrE is a small multidrug resistance protein encompassing four transmembrane (TM) sequences that oligomerizes to confer resistance to antimicrobials. Here we examined the effects on in vivo protein accumulation and ethidium resistance activity of single residue substitutions at conserved and variable positions in EmrE transmembrane segment 2 (TM2). We found that activity was reduced when conserved residues localized to one TM2 surface were replaced. Our findings suggest that conserved TM2 positions tolerate greater residue diversity than conserved sites in other EmrE TM sequen…

Multi-spectroscopic and in silico investigation of gambogic acid-calf thymus DNA interactions.

Gambogic acid (GA), a xanthanoid compound, is derived from Garcinia Hanbury gamboge resin. Studying GA's DNA binding and targeting processes is crucial to understanding its tumor-targeting potentiality. This study used spectroscopic and in silico methods to investigate the GA-calf thymus DNA-binding interaction. The results of the UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy revealed that GA binds to DNA and forms a complex. Investigation of fluorescence quenching using ethidium bromide-DNA revealed that GA displaced ethidium bromide, and the type of quenching was static in nature, as determined by Ster…

Phenotypic Profiling of Tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Induced In vitro.

Tigecycline is one of the last-resort treatment options for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). Unfortunat … Although the descendant strains showed inconsistent (increased or decreased) biofilm formation and ethidium bromide uptake, they showed consistently decreased ethidium bromide efflux. As for the expression of efflux pumps and regulators determined by quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), higher level of efflux pump acrAB-Tol …

Shark chondroitin sulfate gold nanoparticles: A biocompatible apoptotic agent for osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor that originates in the bone and often infiltrates nearby bone cells. It is the most prevalent type … tential were detected in MG63 cells treated with CS-Au NPs. Furthermore, apoptotic analysis through ethidium bromide dual staining and flow cytometry demonstrated that CS-Au NPs at higher concentrations significantly increased the amount of apoptotic cells, as demonstrated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Flow cytometry also confirmed that CS- …

Permeant-specific gating of connexin 30 hemichannels.

Gap junctions confer interconnectivity of the cytoplasm in neighboring cells via docking of two connexons expressed in each of the adjacent … method (SCAM), we evaluated the role of possible pore-lining residues in the permeation of ions and ethidium through Cx30 hemichannels. Of the cysteine-substituted residues, interaction of a proposed pore-lining cysteine at position 37 with the positively charged compound [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methane thiosulfonate bromide (MTS-ET) increased Cx30-me …

Propentofylline reduces glial scar development following gliotoxic damage in the rat brainstem.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of propentofylline administration on astrocytic response following gliotoxic injury. METHOD: Wistar rats were injected with ethidium bromide into the cisterna pontis and treated or not with propentofylline (12.5mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) during the experimental period. Brainstem sections were collected from 15 to 31 days after gliotoxic injection and processed for GFAP immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that propentofylline decreased astrocytic activation until the 21st day, suggesting that this drug may have …

Обнаружение серогрупповых вирусов в Калифорнии с использованием универсальных капсюлей и обратной транскрипции-полимеразы.

Были выявлены универсальные капсюли и разработан протокол, пригодный для быстрого обнаружения сложных вирусов калифорнийского энцефалита (СЕ) в цепной реакции обратной транскрипции-полимеразы (RT-PCR). Эти капсюли соответствуют последовательности в областях кодирования G2 glycoprotein среднеразмерного сегмента RNA. Идентификация дополнительных продуктов была подтверждена последовательности в работе клонов или продуктов ПЦР. Этот метод позволяет обнаруживать 40 формирующих табличек (PFU) непосредственно на геле агароза, пропитанном этимидиумом, и чувствительность возрастает до 0,4-1 ПФУ, когда

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Universal primers have been identified and a protocol developed that are suitable for rapid detection of California encephalitis (CE) comple … or PCR products. The technique is capable of detecting 40 plaque-forming units (PFU) directly on an ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel and the sensitivity increases to 0.4-1 PFU when a radiolabeled probe is used as the detector.

Effect of estragole over the RN4220 Staphylococcus aureus strain and its toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Among the bacterial resistance mechanisms, efflux pumps are responsible for expelling xenobiotics, including bacterial cell antibiotics. Giv … . Estragole was used at a Sub-Inhibitory Concentration (MIC/8) in association with erythromycin and ethidium bromide to assess its combined effect. As for Estragole's toxicity evaluation over D. melanogaster, the fumigation bioassay and negative geotaxis methods were used. The results were expressed as an average of sextuplicate replicates. A Two-way ANOVA …

Epistasis with HLA DR3 implicates the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the association between functional polymorphisms in the pro-inflammatory P2X7 receptor an … ols. P2X7 receptor function in lymphocytes and monocytes was assessed by measurement of ATP-induced ethidium+ uptake. Serum IL-18 levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The minor allele of P2RX7 A1405G is a tag for a common haplotype associated with gain in receptor function, as assessed by ATP-induced ethidium+ uptake. A positive association between 1 …

Properties of nucleic acid staining dyes used in gel electrophoresis.

Nucleic acid staining dyes are used for detecting nucleic acids in electrophoresis gels. Historically, the most common dye used for gel staining is ethidium bromide, however due to its toxicity and mutagenicity other dyes that are safer to the user and the environment are preferred. This Short Communication details the properties of dyes now available and their sensitivity for detection of DNA and their ability to permeate the cell membrane. It was found that GelRed™ was the most sensitive and safest dye to use with UV light excitation, and both GelGreen™ and Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye were sen…

On the effects of intercalators in DNA condensation: a force spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis study.

In this work we have characterized the effects of the intercalator ethidium bromide (EtBr) on the DNA condensation process by using force spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. We have tested two condensing agents: spermine (spm(4+)), a tetravalent cationic amine which promotes cation-induced DNA condensation, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a neutral polymer which promotes DNA ψ-condensation. Two different types of experiments were performed. In the first type, bare DNA molecules disperse in solution are first treated with EtBr for intercalation, and then the condensing agent is added to the …

Effect of farnesol on Candida dubliniensis biofilm formation and fluconazole resistance.

Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans are dimorphic fungal species with a number of pathogenic capabilities, including biofilm formation, systemic infection and development of fluconazole resistance. In this study, the ability of farnesol to disrupt these virulence capabilities was investigated. Biofilm assessment and susceptibility studies indicated antifungal and antibiofilm properties for farnesol on both species with a disruptive effect on the cell membrane. Synergy testing of farnesol and fluconazole in resistant strains resulted in reversal of fluconazole resistance, indicating a pot