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Possible effects of electroconvulsive therapy on refractory psychosis in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with multiple sclerosis commonly show some degree of psychiatric symptoms. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is a part of the spectrum of multiple sclerosis phenotypes with progressive accumulation of disability from disease onset and active course. Psychiatric symptoms are commonly shown in multiple sclerosis, and up to 10% of patients with multiple sclerosis have the primary progressive form. Thus, patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis may also elicit psychiatric symptoms. However, little information is available on psychiatric symptoms, especially …

Real-world effectiveness of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis in the UK.

BACKGROUND: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is increasingly used as a one-off disease-modifying therapy for aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). We report real-world effectiveness of AHSCT for MS in the UK. METHODS: This retrospective open-label study included patients with (pw)MS treated with AHSCT between 2002 and 2023 in 14 UK centres. Outcomes included relapse-free survival (RFS), MRI activity-free survival (MFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3). We assessed 6-month confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale …

Moral decision making and moral judgment in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Moral cognition has been insufficiently studied in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This study investigated moral decision making and judgment using ecologically valid moral dilemmas in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and progressive MS phenotypes, exploring associations with clinical and psychological variables. METHOD: Twenty-one individuals with relapsing-remitting MS and 21 with progressive MS completed a battery of moral dilemmas (instrumental, incidental, and ecological) and questionnaires assessing quality of life, mood, alexithymia, and empathy. Data from …

Is there a role for off-label high-efficacy disease-modifying drugs in progressive multiple sclerosis? A network meta-analysis.

Ocrelizumab and siponimod are the two on-label drugs used for progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (PMS). However, many patients with PMS do not have access to these high-efficacy disease-modifying drugs (DMDs). Off-label prescription of other high-efficacy DMDs (fingolimod, rituximab and natalizumab) may be a strategy to improve access to immunotherapy for these patients. We aim to compare on-label and off-label high-efficacy drugs for their effect on disability progression in PMS. In December 2021, we searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central and Scopus databases for randomized …

Efficacy, safety and patient reported outcomes in patients with active relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: Final results from the PRO-MSACTIVE study.

BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab, a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been approved in Europe for the treatment of adult patients with active relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), on the basis of previous phase III studies. However, limited data were available on ocrelizumab efficacy in RMS according to the Lublin definition of activity (clinical and/or imaging features) used in the current drug label. The PRO-MSACTIVE study was thus designed to provide additional data on ocrelizumab efficacy according to this definition, and also on safety and…

Инженерная иммунологическая ниша направляет терапевтическое развитие в модели прогрессивного множественного склероза.

Первичный прогрессивный множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой аутоиммунное заболевание, вызывающее демиелионацию и имеющее лишь один класс лечения, одобренного УЛХ, — истощение клеток В. Новейшее лечение может возникнуть в результате более глубокого понимания взаимодействия между различными типами клеток в заболевших тканях на протяжении всего процесса развития. Первоначально мы описываем инженерную иммунологическую нишу (ИН) на основе биоматериалов как суррогатную для заболевших тканей функцию иммунных клеток и фенотипную динамику на протяжении хронической прогрессивной модели MS мыши

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with only a single class of FDA-approved treatment, B cell depletion. Novel treatments could emerge from a deeper understanding of the interplay between multiple cell types within diseased tissue throughout progression. We initially describe an engineered biomaterial-based immu…

Visual function resists early neurodegeneration in the visual system in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the visual system but dynamics and pathomechanisms over several years especially in primary progressive MS (PPMS) are not fully understood. METHODS: We assessed longitudinal changes in visual function, retinal neurodegeneration using optical coherence tomography, MRI and serum NfL (sNfL) levels in a prospective PPMS cohort and matched healthy controls. We investigated the changes over time, correlations between outcomes and with loss of visual function. RESULTS: We followed 81 patients with PPMS (mean disease duration 5.9 years…

Autoantibodies as diagnostic biomarkers for the detection and subtyping of multiple sclerosis.

The goal of this preliminary proof-of-concept study was to use human protein microarrays to identify blood-based autoantibody biomarkers capable of diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). Using sera from 112 subjects, including 51 MS subjects, autoantibody biomarkers effectively differentiated MS subjects from age- and gender-matched normal and breast cancer controls with 95.0% and 100% overall accuracy, but not from subjects with Parkinson's disease. Autoantibody biomarkers were also useful in distinguishing subjects with the relapsing-remitting form of MS from those with the secondary progressiv…

Magnetization transfer ratio of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relationship to atrophy and neurologic disability.

The authors compare the spinal cord magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to healthy volunteers, relate MTR to spinal cord atrophy, and relate these and other magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters to disability. Sixty-five patients with MS (14 relapsing remitting [RR], 34 secondary progressive [SP], and 17 primary progressive [PP] MS), and 9 healthy volunteers were studied using MR at 1.0 T. Disability of the patients was assessed using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Magnetic resonance parameters were upper spinal cord MTR, number of focal sp…

Cognitive function is associated with risk of conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Predicting conversion from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is critical for managing people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Cognitive function has been linked to disease progression in RRMS, yet its association with conversion to SPMS remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess this relationship using the newly developed DAAE score to calculate the risk of conversion to SPMS. METHODS: The risk of conversion over five years was assessed using the DAAE score (0-12), and the PwMS were categorized into very-low-to-l…

Атрофия спинного мозга верхней части шейки матки в MS: секс, менопауза и нейродегенерация.

Атрофия спинного мозга (SC) является ключевым биомаркером прогрессивного множественного склероза (MS). Прогрессивные МР чаще встречаются среди мужчин и женщин после менопаузы. ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение влияния секса и менопаузы на измерения СК у лиц, имеющих MS (PwMS). МЕТОДЫ: В ПТМС и в рамках мер по контролю за возрастом и посекомогом был получен верхний участок ЦК шейки матки из МРТ головного мозга (UCBrain). Были исследованы последствия секса и менопаузы для мозга СЕК (скорректированные с учетом общего объема внутричерепной информации) и его связь с развитием и инвалидностью, включая функциональный с

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord (SC) atrophy is a key imaging biomarker of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive MS is more common in men and postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the impact of sex and menopause on SC measurements in persons with MS (pwMS). METHODS: In pwMS and age- and sex-matched controls, upper cervical SC area from brain MRI …

Movement disorders in relapsing and progressive MS: A comprehensive prospective evaluation of a large real-life cohort.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that movement disorders are common in early MS. However, the frequency and clinical characteristics of movement disorders at all stages of MS remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and anatomical generators of movement disorders in relapsing and progressive MS. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of adult MS patients from 2016 to 2022 at a neuroimmunology clinic. Patients were evaluated for demyelination-related movement disorders via a survey and focused examination. We classified movement disorders based on

A patient with established primary progressive multiple sclerosis transitions to 'secondary' relapsing-remitting disease course following a fulminant demyelinating episode.

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are clinically and immunopathogenetically distinct phenotypes of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. Progression following RRMS is well described as secondary progressive MS. We report a patient with unexpected transition from long established PPMS to clinically and radiologically active RRMS after an ADEM-like fulminant demyelinating episode despite an immunosuppressive treatment preceding relapses. We note clearly accelerated brain atrop…

Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis.

About 10-15% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with gradually increasing neurological disability, a disorder known as primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Compared with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis, people with PPMS are older at onset and a higher proportion are men. Inflammatory white-matter lesions are less evident but diffuse axonal loss and microglial activation are seen in healthy-looking white matter, in addition to cortical demyelination, and quantitative MRI shows atrophy and intrinsic abnormalities in the grey matter and the white matter. Spinal cord atrop…

Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sensitive, minimally invasive biomarkers that reflect functional decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) are still lacking. Untargeted metabolomic profiling allows unbiased discovery of circulating biomarkers and dysregulated biological pathways underlying MS onset and progression. We aimed to identify candidate circulating metabolite signatures correlated with clinical, imaging, and patient-reported outcomes in MS and to characterize the underlying metabolic pathways. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of untargeted circulating metabolomic profiles from 54…

Тела эндогенных кетонов связаны с метаболической уязвимостью и инвалидностью при множественном склерозе.

Цель: Тела кетона могут быть полезными биомаркерами в множестве склероза (МС), поскольку патофизиологические процессы, лежащие в основе развития заболеваний MS, вызывают метаболический стресс. Цель заключалась в оценке связей кетоновых тел с биомаркерами метаболического, подстрекательского и окислительного стресса в MS. Методы: Образцы крови и неврологические оценки были получены от 153 здоровых контрольных приборов (HC), 187 релапсирующих излучающих веществ (RRMS) и 91 пациента с прогрессивным MS (PMS). AcAc, BHB и ацетон измерялись с помощью спектроскопии протонного ядерного магнитного резон

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Purpose: Ketone bodies could be useful biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS) because the pathophysiological processes underlying MS disease progression induce metabolic stress. The purpose was to assess the relationships of ketone bodies with biomarkers of metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress in MS. Methods: Blood samples and neurological assessment…

Towards a Unified Set of Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The 2017 McDonald criteria continued the separation of diagnostic criteria for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) for historical, rather than biological, reasons. We aimed to explore the feasibility of a single, unified set of diagnostic criteria when applied to patients with suspected PPMS. METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients evaluated for suspected PPMS at 5 European centers. The 2017 McDonald PPMS criteria was the gold standard against which the 2017 McDonald RRMS dissemination in space (DIS) and dissemination in time crit…

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of MS to investigate the effect of monophasic and biphasic DBS stimulation on PPMS and RRMS.

In this study, a nonlinear dynamic model has been presented to investigate the behavior of the brain in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the dynamics of healthy cells, infected cells and harmful agents under different parameter conditions have been analyzed. First, the stability of healthy equilibrium states and instability of the system have been investigated using numerical simulation and eigenvalue analysis and its relation with clinical types of MS including healthy state, primary progressive (PPMS) and relapsing-remitting (RRMS) has been shown. Then, the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) …

Толебрутиниб: Первое утверждение.

Tolebrutinib (CENRIFKI) — миниатюрный ингибитор тирозиновой киназы Брютона (BTK), разработанный Sanofi для лечения множественных склерозов (MS). 26 августа 2025 года в Объединенных Арабских Эмиратах (ОАЭ) было впервые одобрено лечение вторичного прогрессивного склероза (nrSPMS) и медленное накопление инвалидности, независимо от рецидива у взрослых. Этот наркотик находится на стадии нормативного регулирования в США и ЕС. В этой статье резюмируются вехи в развитии толебротиниба, которые привели к этому первому утверждению НР.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Tolebrutinib (CENRIFKI®) is an orally available, brain-penetrant small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) being developed by Sanofi for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). On 26 August 2025, tolebrutinib received its first approval in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the treatment of non-relapsing secondary progressive multiple scle…

The Benefits and Risks of Switching from Fingolimod to Siponimod for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, MS treatment is limited to several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved medications that slow disease progression by immunomodulatory action. Fingolimod and siponimod have similar mechanisms of action, and consequently, their therapeutic effects may be comparable. However, while fingolimod is mainly used for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), siponimod, according to EMA label, is recommended for active secondary progressive MS (SPMS). …