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Severe protein-calorie malnutrition in two brothers due to abuse by starvation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of two siblings with severe protein-calorie malnutrition due to abuse by starvation. CASES DESCRIPTION: The two patients were simultaneously referred from the Municipal Hospital, where they were admitted to the Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic of a university hospital for diagnostic investigation of the cause of severe malnutrition and screening tests for Celiac Disease, Cystic Fibrosis and Environmental enteropathy among others. The exams were all normal, and after detailed research on the interactions of this family, we reached the conclusion that the malnut…

Was the Chlamydial Adaptative Strategy to Tryptophan Starvation an Early Determinant of Plastid Endosymbiosis?

Chlamydiales were recently proposed to have sheltered the future cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids in a common inclusion. The intracellula … ggering two alternative modes of replication in Chlamydiales. In addition, sophisticated tryptophan starvation mechanisms are known to act as antibacterial defenses in animal hosts. We propose that Chlamydiales have donated their tryptophan operon to the emerging plastid to ensure increased synthesis of tryptophan by the plastid ancestor. This would have all …

The neuropsychology of starvation: set-shifting and central coherence in a fasted nonclinical sample.

OBJECTIVES: Recent research suggests certain neuropsychological deficits occur in anorexia nervosa (AN). The role of starvation in these deficits remains unclear. Studies of individuals without AN can elucidate our understanding of the effect of short-term starvation on neuropsychological performance. METHODS: Using a within-subjects repeated measures design, 60 healthy female participants were tested once after fasting for 18 hours, and once when satiated. Measures included two tasks to measure central coherence and a set-shifting task. RESULTS: Fasting exacerbated set-shifting difficulties…

Changes of proteome components of Helicobacter pylori biofilms induced by serum starvation.

Biofilm is the adaptive living mechanism of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) during survival and propagation. Nutrient starvation is an environmental pressure for H. pylori in vivo and in vitro. Serum starvation effectively mimics the microenvironment in which H. pylori colonizes healthy humans who carry H. pylori and patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. In addition, it also mimics the in vitro environmental pressures of H. pylori. An H. pylori biofilm was successfully induced with serum starvation. To identify novel proteins associated with biofilm formation at the early stage in H. pylor…

Effect of starvation on lipophorin density in fifth instar larval Manduca sexta.

Lipophorin (Lp) is a major insect lipoprotein and is responsible for lipid transport between organs. In this study, the effect of starvation on Lp properties was analyzed in larval Manduca sexta during the fifth instar. Lp hemolymph concentrations in larvae at days 1 and 2 were around 2-3 mg/ml and at day 3 it increased to 8 mg/ml. When larvae were starved for 24 h, they did not grow, but their body mass and hemolymph volume did not decrease significantly. Differences in Lp densities were observed. In fed larvae, from days 1 to 4, two major Lp populations were found with densities of 1.124 ± 0…

Plasmodium falciparum responds to amino acid starvation by entering into a hibernatory state.

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is auxotrophic for most amino acids. Its amino acid needs are met largely through the degra … s remain viable for 72 h and resume rapid growth upon resupplementation. Protein degradation during starvation is important for maintenance of this hibernatory state. Microarray analysis of starved parasites revealed a 60% decrease in the rate of progression through the normal transcriptional program but no other apparent stress response. Plasmodium parasite …

Why were "starvation diets" promoted for diabetes in the pre-insulin period?

In the decade before the discovery of insulin, the prominent American physicians Frederick Allen and Elliott Joslin advocated severe fasting and undernutrition to prolong the lives of diabetic patients. Detractors called this "starvation dieting," and some patients did indeed starve to death. Allen and Joslin promoted the therapy as a desperate application of animal experimentation to clinical treatment, and texts still describe it that way. This justification was exaggerated. The public record contains only the briefest account of relevant animal experiments, and clinical experience at the ti…

Starvation induces phase-specific changes in the proteome of mouse small intestine.

Food deprivation results in metabolic, structural, and functional changes in the small intestine that influences gut mucosal integrity, epithelial cell proliferation, mucin synthesis, and other processes. The underlying mechanisms are still unclear, which lead to the study of molecular effects of short-term and long-term starvation in the intestine of mice. A comparative proteomics approach, combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to identify intestinal proteins whose expression is changed under d…

Starvation and endotoxin act independently and synergistically to coordinate hepatic glutamine transport.

OBJECTIVE: Because hepatic glutamine transport is markedly enhanced during critical illness, we tested the hypothesis that nutrient starvation and endotoxemia act coordinately to augment transport activity. DESIGN: Fed or starved (48 hours) rats received Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS, 10 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneally) or saline before hepatocyte isolation for measurement of glutamine transport. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatocytes were isolated from fed or fasted rats 4 hours after LPS treatment. [3H]glutamine uptake was measured and normalized to cellular protein. Data (mean +/- s…

Effects of starvation on the water-clear cell in the golden hamster parathyroid gland.

Changes of the water-clear cells of the parathyroid glands in adult and senile golden hamsters 2 and 5 days after starvation were investigated. The ultrastructure of the water-clear cells of the parathyroid glands in the starved adult and senile animals almost resembled that of the control adult and senile animals. However, lipid droplets were very numerous in the water-clear cells in the adult and senile animals after starvation. It is considered that starvation affects functional activity in the water-clear cells of the parathyroid gland.

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in the riboflavin-deficient rat. Effects of starvation.

Riboflavin deficiency in weanling rats causes a metabolic disorder characterized by failure to oxidize fatty acids. The disorder is similar … vin-deficient diet is initiated. The objectives of these experiments were to analyse the effects of starvation on liver mitochondria isolated from the riboflavin-deficient rat. Our studies show that the decreased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation induced by riboflavin deficiency is partially reversed by starvation. The extent of this reversal is proportiona …

Effects of cyclic starvation-feeding and of splenectomy on the development of hemosiderosis in rat livers.

The development of siderosis of liver and spleen was investigated in rats subjected alternately to periods of starvation and periods of feeding of diets rich in iron (0.71% or 1.23% Fe) or of control diets, during periods ranging up to 245 days. With 0.71% iron in the diet, cyclic starvation-feeding markedly enhanced the accumulation of iron in rat livers by comparison to feeding ad libitum even though rats fed ad libitum ingested far greater total amounts of iron than cyclically fed rats. With 1.23% iron in the diet, the concentration of iron in livers reached more or less the same plateau in…

Effect of phenobarbitone and starvation on hepatotoxicity in rats exposed to carbon disulphide vapour.

Magos, L., and Butler, W. H. (1972).Brit. J. industr. Med.,29, 95-98. Effect of phenobarbitone and starvation on hepatotoxicity in rats exposed to carbon disulphide vapour. Male albino rats given 80 and 50 mg/kg phenobarbitone sodium by intraperitoneal injection 24 and 18 hours before 4-hour exposure to 2·0 mg/l carbon disulphide (CS2) developed hydropic degeneration in the centrilobular zone of the liver. Less marked in some fed animals, this change became general and more severe in rats starved for 24 hours before exposure. On incomplete diets with excess of sucrose or animal fat, the freque…

[Starvation in the Name of God? The Recognition and Treatment of Holy Anorexia (Anorexia Mirabilis)].

This article presents three yeshiva students who developed anorexia due to a desire for religious asceticism and spiritual elevation, leading them to a life-threatening condition that required hospitalization. These young men do not fit the classical description of anorexia nervosa, as they did not initially seek to change their body shape. The article reviews historical instances of self-starvation: fasting before religious revelations, fasting as a form of atonement, prayer, and drawing closer to God, fasting as a means of detaching from the material and physical world, fasting to escape fem…

Loss of the starvation-and-light fruitbody formation trigger in the myxomycete Physarum roseum.

Myxomycetes are unicellular amoebozoans that form fruiting bodies to reproduce, a process known as sporulation. In the model species Physarum polycephalum, plasmodia form fruiting bodies only after several days of starvation followed by light exposure. It has long been assumed that the same starvation-plus-light trigger applies to the genus Physarum. Recent observations of congeners that fail to sporulate under the same conditions have raised doubts about this assumption and prompted tentative taxonomic reconsideration. Because comparable starvation and light tests are rare for other species o…

Effect of tryptophan starvation on inclusion membrane composition and chlamydial-host interactions.

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that develops within a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. Throughout its developmental cycle, Chlamydia modifies the inclusion membrane (IM) with type III secreted (T3S) membrane proteins, known as inclusion membrane proteins (Incs). Via the IM, Chlamydia manipulates the host cell to acquire lipids and nutrients necessary for its growth. One key nutrient is tryptophan (Trp). As a Trp auxotroph, Chlamydia is very sensitive to Trp starvation and, in response to low Trp levels induced by the immune response, enters a viable but no…

Последствия голода триптофана для композитного состава мембраны и взаимодействия хламидии и призрака.

Хламидия — это обязательный внутриклеточный бактериальный патоген, который развивается в мембранном вакуле, называемом включением. В течение всего цикла развития хламидия модифицирует встроенную мембрану (IM) с засекреченными мембранными белками типа III (T3S), известными как мембранные белки (Incs). В IM Хламидия манипулирует клеткой хозяина, чтобы приобрести липиды и питательные вещества, необходимые для ее роста. Одним из основных питательных веществ является триптофан (Trp). Как Трп ауксотроп, Хламидия очень чувствительна к голоду Трп и в ответ на низкий уровень троп, вызванный иммунной ре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that develops within a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. Throughout its … rowth. One key nutrient is tryptophan (Trp). As a Trp auxotroph, Chlamydia is very sensitive to Trp starvation and, in response to low Trp levels induced by the immune response, enters a viable but nonreplicating state called persistence. To maintain viability during persistence, Chlamydia must necessarily maintain both the integrity of the IM and its abilit …

Proteomic analysis of fatty liver induced by starvation of medaka fish larvae.

When medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) larvae are grown in the absence of exogenous nutrition, the liver becomes dark and positive to Oil Red O staining from 7 days post-hatch (dph). We determined the mechanism of this starvation-induced development of fatty liver by proteomic analysis using livers obtained from larvae grown in the presence or absence of 2% glucose at 5 dph. Results showed that changes in the expression levels of enzymes involved in glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid cycle were modest, whereas the expression levels of enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism or β-oxidation of f…

ZBTB32 performs crosstalk with the glucocorticoid receptor and is crucial in glucocorticoid responses to starvation.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis forms a complex neuroendocrine system that regulates the body's response to stress such as starvation. In contrast with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 32 (ZBTB32) is a transcription factor with poorly described functional relevance in physiology. This study shows that ZBTB32 is essential for the production of glucocorticoids (GCs) in response to starvation, since ZBTB32-/- mice fail to increase their GC production in the absence of nutrients. In terms of mechanism, GR-mediated upregulation of adrenal Scarb1 …