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Hepatitis B virus transmissions associated with a portable dental clinic, West Virginia, 2009.

BACKGROUND: Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in dental settings is rare, in 2009 a cluster of acute HBV infections was reported among attendees of a two-day portable dental clinic in West Virginia. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective investigation by using treatment records and volunteer logs, interviews of patients and volunteers with acute HBV infection as well as of other clinic volunteers, and molecular sequencing of the virus from those acutely infected. RESULTS: The clinic was held under the auspices of a charitable organization in a gymnasium staffed by 750 vol…

Modeling mercury biomagnification (South River, Virginia, USA) to inform river management decision making.

Mercury trophic transfer in the South River (VA, USA) was modeled to guide river remediation decision making. Sixteen different biota types … the South River (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.38-0.52) was produced for a second contaminated Virginia river, the North Fork Holston River (95% CI = 0.41-0.55). Percent of total Hg that was methylmercury increased monotonically with trophic position. Trophic models based on delta(15)N were adequate for predicting changes in mercury concentrations in …

Outbreak of histoplasmosis among travelers returning from El Salvador--Pennsylvania and Virginia, 2008.

Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. Histoplasmosis, which can be acquired from soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings, occurs worldwide and is one of the most common pulmonary and systemic mycoses in the United States. However, among international travelers returning from areas in which histoplasmosis is endemic, histoplasmosis is rare, accounting for <0.5% of all diseases diagnosed in this group. During February-March 2008, the Pennsylvania and Virginia departments of health investigated a cluster of respiratory illness among three mission…

Mosquito collections following local transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Westmoreland County, Virginia.

A 63-year-old woman from Colonial Beach, Westmoreland County, VA, was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria on July 19, 1998. The woman had no history of international travel, intravenous drug use, blood transfusion, or other risk factor for contracting the disease. She seldom left the county and generally spent her evenings indoors, leading to the conclusion that she had been bitten locally by an infected mosquito. Colonial Beach is host to a population of migrant agricultural laborers from areas in which malaria occurs, but a blood survey of 89 Haitians and Mexicans failed to find Pla

Dietary and social predictors of PFAS exposure in Hispanic children from Northern Virginia.

BACKGROUND: PFAS are chemicals that are persistent in the environment. PFAS bioaccumulate and have been detected in human biospecimens, including children. Hispanic populations may be disproportionately vulnerable to PFAS exposure due to dietary and social factors. OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary and social factors associated with PFAS concentrations in Hispanic children. METHODS: We enrolled 110 Hispanic children (ages 4-11) in the Vidas Activas Familias Saludables (VALE) study. Parents completed questionnaires on diet and social factors, and children's anthropometrics and blood specimens we

Disparities in cardiovascular disease outcomes and economic burdens among minorities in southeastern Virginia.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the United States, presenting significant public health challenges and financial burdens, particularly in Southeastern Virginia, where African American and Hispanic (AA&H) populations are disproportionately affected. METHODS: This retrospective observational study analyzed data from 30,855 hospital discharges of AA&H patients across Southeastern Virginia from 2016 to 2020, focusing on individuals aged 18 to 85 with cardiovascular diseases. Utilizing the Virginia Health Information database, we examined demographic infor…

Statewide Outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup Y, Sequence Type 1466 - Virginia, 2022-2024.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe illness that can have devastating effects; outbreaks are uncommon in the United States. Vaccination is the preferred control measure for IMD outbreaks when a defined population at risk (e.g., college students or persons experiencing homelessness) can be identified. In August 2022, the Virginia Department of Health (VDH) began investigating an IMD outbreak in Virginia's Eastern Health Planning Region, prompted by the detection of four confirmed cases within 8 weeks. Clinical isolates available from three cases were characterized as Neisseria meni…

Correlates of recent nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in West Virginia.

AIM: Experiencing a nonfatal overdose (NFOD) is a significant risk factor for a subsequent nonfatal or fatal overdose. Overdose mortality rates in rural Appalachian states are some of the highest in the USA, but little is known about correlates of overdose among rural populations of people who inject drugs (PWID). Our study aimed to identify correlates of experiencing a recent (past 6 months) NFOD among rural PWID in Cabell County, West Virginia. METHODS: Using data from a June-July 2018 cross-sectional survey that was designed to estimate the size and characteristics of the PWID population i…

Maternal characteristics associated with injury-related infant death in West Virginia, 2010-2014.

Although injury-related deaths have been documented among children and adult populations, insufficient attention has been directed towards injury-related infant deaths. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate maternal and infant characteristics associated with injury-related infant deaths in West Virginia. Birth and infant mortality data for 2010-2014 were sourced from the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston. Relative risk was calculated using log-binomial regression utilizing generalized estimating equations. Maternal characteristics associated with injury-…

Cutaneous, Intranasal Blastomycosis Infection in Two Patients from Southern West Virginia: Diagnostic Dilemma.

Blastomycosis is a dimorphic fungus caused by the species of Blastomyces dermatitidisand Blastomyces gilchristii, which are endemic to the O … us blastomycosis of the nasal passages and upper lip with pulmonary manifestations in Southern West Virginia. These patients first presented with cutaneous symptoms, which were originally treated for melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma and were later diagnosed with systemic blastomycosis.

Second-Generation Antipsychotic Prescribing Patterns for Pediatric Patients Enrolled in West Virginia Medicaid.

OBJECTIVE: The prescribing of second-generation antipsychotics for young people has increased dramatically. Studies have shown that children enrolled in Medicaid are more likely than those with private insurance to receive antipsychotics, leading many states to require prior authorization (PA) for their use. However, little is known about how PA programs affect prescribing patterns for antipsychotics or other psychotropic medications. This study examined a PA program for second-generation antipsychotic use for children under 18 in West Virginia Medicaid. Prescribing rates for antipsychotics an…

The 2014 crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol chemical release and birth outcomes in West Virginia.

Approximately 10,000 gallons of crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol and propylene glycol phenyl ether were accidentally released into the Elk River upstream from a water treatment facility in West Virginia. The objective of this study was to use logistic and Poisson regression analyses to determine the effect potential exposures had on adverse birth outcomes (birth weight, small for gestational age, and abnormal Apgar score). We adjusted for confounding factors and assessed prevalence of adverse birth outcomes by residential location and timing of the pregnancy. There were no statistically signi…

Effects of nitrate addition on water column methylmercury in Occoquan Reservoir, Virginia, USA.

Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota poses a widespread threat to human and environmental health. Methylmercury (MeHg), the toxic form of mercury, tends to build up under anaerobic conditions in the profundal zones of lakes. In this study we performed a two-year assessment of spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, MeHg, manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in Occoquan Reservoir, a large run-of-the-river drinking water reservoir in Virginia, USA. A tributary to the reservoir receives input of nitrate-rich tertiary-treated wastewater that enhances the oxidant capacity of bottom …

New Records of Ixodes affinis (Acari: Ixodidae) Parasitizing Avian Hosts in Southeastern Virginia.

Ixodes affinis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) is a hard-bodied tick species distributed throughout much of the southeastern United States. Although I. affinis does not parasitize humans, it is a competent vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative-agent of Lyme disease, and thus contributes to the enzootic maintenance of this pathogen. This study presents evidence of I. affinis parasitizing five new host passerine species. During 2012-2014, 1,888 birds were captured and examined for ticks, and 18 immature I. affinis were collected from 12 birds-six Carolina Wrens (Thyrothorus ludov

CUTANEOUS EPITHELIOTROPIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH METASTASES IN A VIRGINIA OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA).

A 2-yr-old, captive, intact female Virginia opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ) with a 7-mo history of ulcerative dermatitis and weight loss was euthanatized for progressive worsening of clinical signs. Initially the opossum was treated with several courses of antibiotics, both topically and systemically; systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication; and, later, systemic glucocorticoids, with no improvement in clinical signs. Histopathologic samples of skin lesions taken 3 mo into the course of disease revealed no evidence of neoplasia; however, cytologic samples of a skin lesion taken 5 mo…

Вспыльчивая лихорадочная группа рикетсиа из нескольких видов клещей из округа Фэрфакс, Вирджиния.

Группа рикетциз (SFGR) — потенциально смертельное заболевание, которое в последние годы в Соединенных Штатах демонстрирует рост заболеваемости. Наиболее известным и тяжелым видом этого заболевания является пятнистая лихорадка Рокки Маунтин, но существуют и другие мягкие формы этого заболевания. Недавно стало известно, что человек заразился Рикитсией паркери и связан с клещей Amblyomma maculatum. В 2010 году в округе Фэрфакс, штат Вирджиния, была обнаружена группа лиц, инфицированных пакери А., что привело к усилению наблюдения за клещами. В этом исследовании сообщается о присутствии Р. паркери

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Spotted fever group rickettsiosis (SFGR) is a potentially fatal disease that has displayed increasing incidence in the United States in rece … ulatum. In 2010, a population of R. parkeri-infected A. maculatum was discovered in Fairfax County, Virginia, leading to increased surveillance of tick species. In this study, we report the presence of R. parkeri in Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, and Dermacentor variabilis in Fairfax County. R. parkeri was discovered in two Rh. s …