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Gut microbiota shapes cancer immunotherapy responses.

The gut microbiota significantly influences cancer immunotherapy efficacy by modulating immune responses, remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), and producing key metabolites. Strategies such as FMT, probiotics, and dietary interventions show promise in enhancing responses to ICIs and ACTs while reducing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This review summarizes clinical and preclinical findings and discusses microbiota-based interventions and future directions for precision immunotherapy.

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

Статинское воздействие после многократного диагностирования миеломы и риск полной смертности, венозного тромбоэмболизма, патологических переломов и острых повреждений почек: ретроспективное когортное исследование.

Множественная миелома (ММ) сопряжена со значительным риском венозного тромбоэмболизма (VTE), патологических переломов, острых повреждений почек (AKI) и смерти. Статины обладают антивоспалительными, иммунодуляционными и антитромботическими свойствами, которые могут уменьшить эти осложнения, однако их связи с рядом ключевых результатов MM не оценивались одновременно в одной реальной группе. ЦЕЛИ: Оценить связь между воздействием последиагностической статистики и 5-year Смертельная смертность, VTE, патологические переломы и AKI в MM. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели ретроспективное когортное исследование в сет

Outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies complicated with autoimmune diseases after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A ten-year real-world study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with autoimmune diseases (ADs) are at an increased risk of developing hematological malignancies (HMs). While allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative option for HMs, the outcomes in patients with concomitant ADs and the effects of transplantation on autoimmune conditions remain poorly characterized. METHODS: In this real-world study, we compared transplantation outcomes between 41 patients with HMs and preexisting ADs and 123 matched controls with HMs but without ADs. RESULTS: A total of 65.8% of the patients with ADs h

Targeting B cells in IgA nephropathy: from pathogenic insight to therapeutic horizon.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains the most common primary glomerulonephritis globally. Advances in mucosal immunology have illuminated the role of dysregulated B cell activity, galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and Gd-IgA1-specific antibody formation in driving disease pathogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of the mucosal immune system and, more specifically, B cell survival and differentiation pathways have entered late-stage development, offering a mechanistically guided approach to disease modification. Targeting of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of the terminal ileum, B cell ac

IL-7:: потенциальные возможности лечения иммунных клеток в следующем поколении.

Иммунная терапия на основе клеток от клеток CAR-T до опухолей, проникающих в лимфоциты (ТИЛ) и эндогенные продукты Т-клеток, вызвала беспрецедентную клиническую реакцию на гематологическое опухоли и в настоящее время активно изучается на предмет наличия твердых опухолей. Тем не менее некоторые ключевые проблемы по-прежнему ограничивают долговечность и широту клинических преимуществ. IL-7 - плейотропный цитокин, который увеличивает как количество, так и функцию лимфоцитов. Несмотря на то, что это еще не клиническое утверждение, IL-7 был использован более 620 Взрослые и педиатрические пациенты п

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… IL-7 also promotes cross-priming by expanding CD4 T helper cells and boosting CD8 T cell survival and responsiveness ( 18 ). …

SARS-CoV-2 Вакцины и множественный склероз: обновление.

В высшей степени заразная зоонозная болезнь коронавируса 2019 (В тыс.COVID-19), вызванной острым острым респираторным синдромом коронавируса 2 (В тыс.SARS-CoV-2), была объявлена пандемией Всемирной организацией здравоохранения в марте 11, 2020, и это привело к глобальному кризису в области здравоохранения с почти 777 million подтвержденные инфекции и более 7 million к ноябрю 10, 2024.1-3 Со временем появились различные варианты, при этом Омикрон и его подлинии доминировали над миром в прошлом. 3 Годы.4 Кроме того, растет число свидетельств, касающихся иммунной реакции SARS-CoV-2 вакцины, особе

Targeting HLA-E in Lung Cancer: The Therapeutic Potential of IRF5-Engineered M1-Macrophage-Derived Exosomes.

Immunotherapy is a pivotal approach in the treatment of lung cancer. Although HLA-E is a potential target for tumor immunotherapy, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. Previous studies have identified the transcription factor IRF5 as a characteristic gene of M1-like macrophages, highlighting its crucial role in promoting antitumor immune responses. In this study, we developed an engineered M1-like macrophage exosomes expressing IRF5 (IRF5 M1-exos) and demonstrated their ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Moreover, our experiments using a nude mo

Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors.

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within patients with cancer, known as cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population. Over recent years, the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types, influenced by several factors such as patient management, tumor-specific risks, and treatment-related aspects. Furthermore, mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes. We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal hi

Exosomes derived from BMSCs ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced testosterone deficiency by enhancing the autophagy of Leydig cells via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

Cyclophosphamide-induced testosterone deficiency (CPTD) during the treatment of cancers and autoimmune disorders severely influences the quality of life of patients. Currently, several guidelines recommend patients suffering from CPTD receive testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, TRT has many disadvantages underscoring the requirement for alternative, nontoxic treatment strategies. We previously reported bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (BMSCs-exos) could alleviate cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction, highlighting their role in the treatment

Principles of Therapeutic Apheresis in Neurological Disease.

BackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a well-known apheresis technology since many years and is available worldwide. Myasthenia gravis is one of the first neurological diseases successfully treated with TPE. TPE is also frequently applied in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome). Both neurological disorders are immunologically mediated and might cause life-threatening symptoms in patients.SummaryThere is a large body of evidence from many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that the application of TPE in myasthenia gravis crisis or in acute

Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccine surveillance study in Australian adults and children with cancer: an observational study of safety and serological and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (SerOzNET).

BackgroundCancer is associated with excess morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following infection by the novel pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 have been rapidly developed and proved highly effective in reducing the incidence of severe COVID-19 in clinical trials of healthy populations. However, patients with cancer were excluded from pivotal clinical trials. Early data suggest that vaccine response is less robust in patients with immunosuppressive conditions or treatments, while toxicity and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines in th

Clinical activity of single-dose systemic oncolytic VSV virotherapy in patients with relapsed refractory T-cell lymphoma.

Clinical success with intravenous (IV) oncolytic virotherapy (OV) has to-date been anecdotal. We conducted a phase 1 clinical trial of systemic OV and investigated the mechanisms of action in responding patients. A single IV dose of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) interferon-β (IFN-β) with sodium iodide symporter (NIS) was administered to patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies to determine safety and efficacy across 4 dose levels (DLs). Correlative studies were undertaken to evaluate viremia, virus shedding, virus replication, and immune responses. Fifteen patients receive

Antibiotic Prophylaxis or Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Support in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

We compare, in this manuscript, antibiotic prophylaxis versus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) support as anti-infective strategies, in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), undergoing high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT). At our institution, antibiotic prophylaxis after HDT/ASCT in MM was stopped in January 2017 and replaced by G-CSF support in March 2017. Consecutive MM patients who received HDT/ASCT between March 2016 and July 2018 were included in this single-center retrospective analysis. In total, 298 patients and 353 individual cases

Comparison of Access to Novel Drugs for Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Between India and the United States.

This review will compare and contrast the costs and access to novel drugs for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and lymphoma in the United States and India during the last 5 years. Clinical outcomes for patients with hematologic malignancies have improved significantly since the approval of immunotherapeutic and targeted therapies. These new treatments have had an impact on overall outcomes and have helped determine the design for translational research and future trials. Although most of these novel drugs called "innovators" are initially approved and marketed in the United States,

Prognostic value of serum lipids in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Background and purposeDyslipidemia has been linked to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with abnormal lipid metabolism observed during treatment. However, its role in APL pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between serum lipid levels and clinical features, risk stratification, bleeding tendency, and prognosis of newly diagnosed APL patients, focusing on the role of the PTK2 gene in regulating lipid metabolism and its potential as a therapeutic target.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 90 newly diagnosed APL patients and 99 controls. Statistical analyses, incl

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current and future treatment.

ObjectivesIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic lung disease characterized by dry cough, fatigue, and progressive exertional dyspnea. Lung parenchyma and architecture is destroyed, compliance is lost, and gas exchange is compromised in this debilitating condition that leads inexorably to respiratory failure and death within 3-5 years of diagnosis. This review discusses treatment approaches to IPF in current use and those that appear promising for future development.Data sourceThe data were obtained from the Randomized Controlled Trials and scientific studies published in En

Role of lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors in health and disease: novel therapeutic strategies.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an abundant bioactive phospholipid, with multiple functions both in development and in pathological conditions. Here, we review the literature about the differential signaling of LPA through its specific receptors, which makes this lipid a versatile signaling molecule. This differential signaling is important for understanding how this molecule can have such diverse effects during central nervous system development and angiogenesis; and also, how it can act as a powerful mediator of pathological conditions, such as neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, an

Neuropsychiatric manifestations following chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for cancer: a systematic review of clinical outcomes and management strategies.

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a transformative modality in the treatment of patients with cancer. However, it is increasingly evident that this therapeutic approach is not without its challenges. The unique nature of CAR-T cells as living drugs introduces a distinct set of side effects. As the application of CAR-T cell therapy expands to treat a broader range of diseases, it becomes increasingly important to devise effective strategies for handling the associated toxicities. Challenges in treating patients with CAR-T cells include addressing complica

Гибридные эндосомные пальто содержат различные классы сортирующих нексинов.

Эндосомы представляют собой станции по сортировке белков, где многочисленные мембранные халаты образуют тюбуловодикулярные носители, экспортирующие белки в Голги, плазменную мембрану или эндолизосомальные отсеки. Предполагается, что отдельные классы сортировки нексинов образуют отдельные однородные халаты, определяющие эндосомные пути сортировки и их грузы. Snx3 и белки SNX-BAR Vps5-Vps17 принадлежат к различным классам сортировки-нексина. Они могут образовывать однородные, зависящие от ретромера пальто, которые различаются по конструкции и способам их соединения с мембраной и распознавания гр