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Unlocking hidden potential: advancements, approaches, and obstacles in repurposing drugs for cancer therapy.

High rates of failure, exorbitant costs, and the sluggish pace of new drug discovery and development have led to a growing interest in repurposing "old" drugs to treat both common and rare diseases, particularly cancer. Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, often necessitates a combination of different treatment modalities to achieve optimal outcomes. The intrinsic polygenicity of cancer, intricate biological signalling networks, and feedback loops make the inhibition of a single target frequently insufficient for achieving the desired therapeutic impact. As a result, addressing these c

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… A corresponding increase in the public health systems’ budgets spent on cancer treatment has been observed in Europe (EU-27, plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom), the total health expenditure on cancer care increased by 98%, from €52 billion in 1995 to €103 billion in 2018. …

Abstracts of the 5(th) Cachexia Conference, Barcelona, Spain, December 5-8, 2009.

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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Current View into Etiopathogenesis and Clinical Features.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects children and young adults. ADEM typically follows an infectious or, less commonly, immunization-related trigger, and despite decades of clinical observation, its etiopathogenesis remains only partially understood. Clinically, the diagnosis of ADEM continues to pose significant challenges due to the absence of disease-specific biomarkers and its clinical and radiological overlap with other acquired demyelinating syndromes. This narrative re

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… Nationwide Incidence of Acquired Central Nervous System Demyelination in Icelandic Children. Pediatr. Neurol. 2015;53:503–507. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.08.020. 13. …

A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: overview.

BackgroundComorbidity is an area of increasing interest in multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in people with MS and assess the quality of included studies.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts. One reviewer abstracted data using a standardized form and the abstraction was verified by a second reviewer. We assessed study quality using a standardized approach.

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… Olafsson E Benedikz J Hauser WA Risk of epilepsy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A population-based study in Iceland . Epilepsia 1999 ; 40 : 745 – 747 . 10368072 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00772.x 202. Palo J Duchesne J Wikström J Malignant diseases among patients with multiple sclerosis . …

American Society of Hematology 2026 guidelines on diagnosis of light chain amyloidosis.

BACKGROUND: Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by the misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains produced by a plasma cell dyscrasia. Patients can present with involvement of many organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, nerves, and other sites, resulting in a high symptom burden. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important to prevent organ failure and improve patient survival. OBJECTIVE: These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients and clinicians in the timely and effective diagnosis of AL amyloidosis. METH

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… Using a large prospective population-based cohort of iStopMM (Iceland screens, treats, or prevents multiple myeloma) study, new reference intervals for sFLC in persons with chronic kidney disease have been established. …

Primary hyperhidrosis: an updated review.

BACKGROUND: Hyperhidrosis (HH) is a condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond the physiological needs of thermoregulation. HH can be classified as primary (idiopathic) hyperhidrosis (PHH) or secondary hyperhidrosis (SHH), which is associated with underlying medical conditions, medications or systemic disorders. This narrative review provides an updated overview of PHH, with a focus on epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and current management strategies, particularly highlighting pharmacological and procedural treatment options. METHODS:

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… Nocturnal sweating — a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnoea: the Icelandic sleep apnoea cohort. BMJ Open. 2013;3(5):e002795. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002795. 63. Klein SZ, Hull M, Gillard KK, Peterson-Brandt J. …

[Консенсус экспертов по комплексному управлению моноклональной гамма-патологией неопределенного значения и склеротическим множественным миеломой в Китае (2025)]

Моноклональная гамма-патология неопределенного значения (MGUS) является наиболее распространенным типом патологии плазматических клеток, характеризующейся клоновой пролиферацией плазматических клеток в костном мозге, легким увеличением моноклонального белка (M-белка) и отсутствием органного повреждения. СмOLDERинг-многофазная миелома (SMM) — это заболевание плазматических клеток, которое находится между MGUS и активной миеломой (AMM), характеризующееся повышенным уровнем M-белка в плазме и увеличенной инфильтрацией плазматических клеток в костном мозге, но без типичных клинических проявлений.

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… Iceland screens, treats, or prevents multiple myeloma (iStopMM): a population-based screening study for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and randomized controlled trial of follow-up strategies[J] Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(5):94. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00480-w. 32. …

Epidemiology, genetics and treatment of multiple myeloma and precursor diseases.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of plasma cells. The incidence of MM worldwide is increasing with greater than 140 000 people being diagnosed with MM per year. Whereas 5-year survival after a diagnosis of MM has improved from 28% in 1975 to 56% in 2012, the disease remains essentially incurable. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MM including its epidemiology, genetics and biology. We will also provide an overview of MM management that has led to improvements in survival, including recent changes to diagnosis and therapi

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… Initiatives such as the Iceland Screens Treats or Prevents Multiple Myeloma (iStopMM) study and the Promise study plan to identify individuals in the population with precursor clonal plasma cell disorders with the aim of understanding the natural history and biology of these diseases and ultimately treating …

Cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.

Cardiomyopathy is a group of disease characterized by structural and functional damage to the myocardium. The etiologies of cardiomyopathies are diverse, spanning from genetic mutations impacting fundamental myocardial functions to systemic disorders that result in widespread cardiac damage. Many specific gene mutations cause primary cardiomyopathy. Environmental factors and metabolic disorders may also lead to the occurrence of cardiomyopathy. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of various cardiomyopathies, highlighting the molecular and

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… causal genes in HCM. 111 Homozygous or compound heterozygous frameshift mutations in MYBPC3 can be the underlying cause of neonatal HCM, which promptly progresses to systolic heart failure and usually results in mortality within the first year of life. 112 According to a comprehensive study conducted in Iceland …

Резюме докладов 53rd Конференция Европейского общества генетики человека: интерактивные электронные постеры.

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Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of plasma cells that may result in focal bone lesions, renal failure, anemia, and/or hypercalcemia. Recently, the diagnosis and treatment of MM have evolved due to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology, improved risk stratification, and new treatments. The incorporation of new drugs, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, anti-CD38 antibodies and high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, has resulted in a significant improvement in

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… malignancies, including AL amyloidosis, lymphoma, or WM, at a rate of 1% per year. 10 An intermediate, asymptomatic premalignant condition referred to as SMM carries a risk of progressing to MM of 10% per year in the first 5 years from initial diagnosis. 10 A recent study of >75,000 individuals—the Iceland …

Diseases of the Nervous System

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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with e

The contribution of Cyprus to non-communicable diseases and biomedical research from 2002 to 2013: implications for evidence-based health policy.

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of disease burden and mortality at the European level and in Cyprus. This research was conducted to map the research activities of Cypriot institutions in five NCDs, namely oncology, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, mental health and respiratory conditions.MethodsFor the period 2002-2013, research in Cyprus was assessed on its biomedical outputs and compared to the rest of Europe relative to their GDP. The research output in the five NCDs was obtained and contrasted to their respective disease burdens. The results from each of

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… The statistics of disease burden, in terms of the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for the world, the 31 European countries (the 28 European Union Member State and three Free Trade Member States: Iceland, Switzerland and Norway, collectively denoted as EUR31) and Cyprus are shown in Table 1 . …

Monoclonal Gammopathies and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: From Bench to Bedside and Then Back Again.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by a multistep evolutionary pathway, with an initial phase called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), potentially evolving into the symptomatic disease, often preceded by an intermediate phase called "smoldering" MM (sMM). From a biological point of view, genomic alterations (translocations/deletions/mutations) are already present at the MGUS phase, thus rendering their role in disease evolution questionable. On the other hand, we currently know that changes in the bone marrow microenvironment (TM

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… Iceland screens, treats, or prevents multiple myeloma (iStopMM): A population-based screening study for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and randomized controlled trial of follow-up strategies. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11:94. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00480-w. 4. …

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Future Cancer Risk.

The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for the prevention of future cancers following bariatric surgery. A systematic literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases (2007-2023), Google Scholar and grey literature was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance method and random effects model. Thirty-two studies involving patients with obesity who received bariatric surgery and control patients who were managed with conventional treatment were included. The meta-analysis suggested b

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… The studies were based mainly in North America and Europe, including the USA; the UK; Canada; Sweden; Denmark; Nordic group (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden); France, Italy and Taiwan. …

Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update.

IntroductionVitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a number of lifelong negative health outcomes. The objectives of this evidence-based guidelines document are to provide health care professionals in Poland, an updated recommendation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.MethodsA systematic literature search examining the prevention and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency was conducted. Updated recommendations were developed usi

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… Guidelines concerning the optimal 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D supplementation vary across European countries: Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) established the target 25(OH)D concentration of ≥20 ng/ml ( 142 ), and a similar threshold concept was accepted …

Отчет о ДИД 1st Ежегодный Всемирный конгресс биомедицинской инженерии, проводимый в Сиане, Китай, 9-11 ноябрь 2017.

Мы рады представить на этом заседании резюме доклада "ДИД" 1st Всемирный конгресс биомедицинской инженерии 2017которая была проведена в Сиане в Китае [...].

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… In total, more than 50 speakers from countries from all over the world like Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China and regions of China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Slovakia …

References

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Development and Clinical Translation of Approved Gene Therapy Products for Genetic Disorders.

The field of gene therapy is striving more than ever to define a path to the clinic and the market. Twenty gene therapy products have already been approved and over two thousand human gene therapy clinical trials have been reported worldwide. These advances raise great hope to treat devastating rare and inherited diseases as well as incurable illnesses. Understanding of the precise pathomechanisms of diseases as well as the development of efficient and specific gene targeting and delivery tools are revolutionizing the global market. Currently, human cancers and monogenic disorders are indicati

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… Although Spinraza expenses is supported by some health insurance providers in USA and France, Germany, Iceland, Italy and Japan, this expensive drug is not funded in other territories. …