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Metabolic and Gene Expression Profile Reveal Genetic Basis of Reproductive Stage Drought Tolerance in a Drought-Defying Rice Mutant.

Mutation breeding provides a powerful route to generate novel genetic variation and to uncover genes underlying stress tolerance. Identifying mechanisms that sustain rice productivity under water-limited conditions is a central challenge in plant biology. We developed a gamma-ray-mutagenised population of Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64 and systematically screened the M2, M3 and M4 generations for drought tolerance at the seedling, pre-flowering and post-flowering stages. Through this multi-stage, multi-generational, and multi-environment phenotypic selection, we identified a drought-defying (DD) mut

Distinct Evolutionary Constraints Shape TNL and CNL Immune Receptors in Wild and Cultivated Tomato.

Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR, historically termed NBS-LRR) proteins are among the most rapidly evolving components of plant innate immunity, yet comparative analyses of NLR subfamily diversification between wild and cultivated accessions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have remained limited. Here, we compared the NLR gene family across three representative tomato accessions-the wild species S. chilense and the cultivated tomatoes S. lycopersicum Heinz1706 (large-fruited) and S. lycopersicum LA1464 (cherry tomato)-by integrating genome-wide identification, phylogenetic reco

Transcriptomic profiling of the response to high night-time temperature stress in tomato leaves.

High night-time temperature (HNT) poses a major challenge to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and productivity. To elucidate the molecular basis of HNT responses, this study systematically examined the morphological and transcriptomic changes in tomato seedlings under prolonged HNT stress. We observed that HNT suppressed plant growth and chlorophyll content while triggering H2O2 accumulation in new leaves; concurrently, it promoted thermomorphogenesis-related adaptations, such as reduced leaf angles and lower leaf trichome density; traits potentially facilitating heat dissipation. Trans

Genome-wide association studies of a pea germplasm reveal novel markers and candidate genes implicated in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi races 1 and 2.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an essential legume crop cultivated globally as food and feed. However, its production is greatly constrained by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop). Breeding for resistance is the most efficient management strategy, but the genetic foundation of Fop resistance remains unclear. Previous quantitative trait loci mapping has located several genomic regions associated with resistance to Fop. However, the large marker-trait distances hampered the implementation of marker-assisted selection. To unravel candidate genes for Fop races 1 and 2, diversity array technology (DArT

Integrated carbon metabolism-transcriptomics-proteomics reveals physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying sour jujube resistance to witches' broom disease.

Phytoplasma-mediated witches' broom disease (WBD) causes abnormal growth and inhibits fruit formation in sour jujube trees, causing significant economic damage. Research on the pathogenic mechanisms of WBD and the disease resistance mechanisms of sour jujube tree remains poorly understood. In this study, these mechanisms were investigated using healthy resistant jujube branches that had been grafted onto WBD-infected trees and grown for seven years. Leaves were collected from both healthy resistant branches (KB) and WBD-affected branches (ZFB) to analyze differences in plant physiological indi

Differential ROS Accumulation, Antioxidant Defense, and Physiological Adaptation in Two Rosa rugosa Cultivars Under Sustained Salt Stress.

Salt stress is a major abiotic constraint that limits plant growth by inducing oxidative stress, disrupting photosynthetic processes, and damaging cellular membranes. Although Rosa rugosa is considered relatively tolerant to adverse environments, differences in antioxidant defense and physiological responses among its cultivars under sustained salt stress remain insufficiently understood. Comparative evaluation of these responses is important for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm and understanding stress-adaptation mechanisms. In this study, two R. rugosa cultivars, Siji and Fenghua, were su

Chromosome doubling is associated with enhanced self-compatibility and transcriptional remodeling of pollen-pistil interactions in Lycium chinense.

Cytology and 72-sample pistil transcriptomes link chromosome doubling to self-compatibility in autotetraploid Lycium chinense through altered pollen-pistil responses and candidate S-RNase trafficking and detoxification pathways. Polyploidy can reshape plant reproductive traits and self-compatibility systems, yet the mechanisms underlying ploidy-associated transitions to self-compatibility remain poorly understood. In this study, diploid and autotetraploid Lycium chinense were compared using floral morphology, stigma receptivity, pollen viability, and pollen tube cytology, controlled pollinatio

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Iron, Vitamin A, and Zinc Biofortification in Selected Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Modeling Study.

BACKGROUND: Crop biofortification is an important tool to improve micronutrient deficiency, but the evidence of its cost-effectiveness remai … ce, wheat, and maize in most countries. CONCLUSIONS: Biofortification of staple crops by selective plant breeding is potentially cost effective to address iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies.

Оценка стабильности жажды в пальчиках (Eleusine coracana L.) с использованием многовариантных подходов.

Пальцы, как правило, выращиваются в полузасушливых тропиках, где они выращиваются главным образом фермерами-добытчиками. Однако урожайность зерна остается низкой из-за сложного количественного характера этой особенности и ее низкой наследственности. Таким образом, взаимодействие генотипа х с окружающей средой (ГЭИ) оказывает значительное влияние на производство. В этом исследовании изучается воздействие ГЭИ на качество генотипов пальца в различных средах, при этом особое внимание уделяется чувствительности урожая к изменчивости климата. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке воздействия

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Ammi and GGE Biplot Analysis of Bread Wheat Genotypes in the Northern Part of Ethiopia Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 2013 1 12 18 24 Semahegn Y. Shimelis H. … Statistical Models in Agriculture: Biometrical Methods for Evaluating 373 Phenotypic Stabilities in Plant Breeding Cerne 2006 12 4 373 388 61 Khalil M. Pour-Aboughadareh A. …

Assessment of Drought Tolerance in Wheat genotypes for Sustainable Food Security and Breeding Programs

The crop which is widely consumed and utilized because of its social benefits and economic importance worldwide is wheat. In many parts of the world, it is generally consumed as feed and food for its nutritional benefits, and its productivity is uniform under different environmental effects. In a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication, an experiment was conducted to assess 50 different wheat cultivars. These cultivars were evaluated under two distinct levels; normal (non-stressed) and drought (stressed) conditions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) under non-stressed (no

Effects of Aviation Mutagenesis on Soil Chemical Indexes, Enzyme Activities, and Metabolites of Dahongpao (Camellia sinensis) Tea Trees.

Aviation mutagenesis is a breeding method for the rapid selection of superior plant varieties. In this study, rhizosphere soil chemical indexes, soil enzyme activities, and soil metabolites were measured in Dahongpao tea trees with aviation mutagenesis (TM) and without aviation mutagenesis (CK). The main soil metabolites distinguishing TM and CK and their relationships with soil chemical indexes and soil enzyme activities were analyzed and obtained. The results showed that there was no significant change in the rhizosphere soils' pH of TM tea trees compared to CK (p = 0.91), while all other ch

Controlling phlebotomine sand flies to prevent canine Leishmania infantum infection: A case of knowing your enemy.

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a widespread zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to animals and humans by their vectors, blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies. To prevent canine leishmaniosis across the whole Mediterranean region, vector control is essential. Because of phlebotomine breeding sites are diverse, environmental larval controls have limited practical value. Control methods of adults are being evaluated, such as selective baits based on sugar feeding of males and females or Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB), and the indoor use of Long-Lasting-Insecticidal Nets

Hybridity has a greater effect than paternal genome dosage on heterosis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris).

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of heterosis is critical to plant breeding and agricultural productivity. Heterosis occurs when F1 hybrid offspring display quantitative improvements in traits to levels that do not occur in the parents. Increasing the genome dosage (i.e. ploidy level) of F1 offspring can contribute to heterosis effects. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) provides a model for investigating the relative effects of genetic hybridity and genome dosage on heterosis. Sugar beet lines of different ploidy levels were crossed to generate diploid and triploid F1 offspring to investigate the effect of…

Special topic: The association between pulse ingredients and canine dilated cardiomyopathy: addressing the knowledge gaps before establishing causation.

In July 2018, the Food and Drug Administration warned about a possible relationship between dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs and the consumption of dog food formulated with potatoes and pulse ingredients. This issue may impede utilization of pulse ingredients in dog food or consideration of alternative proteins. Pulse ingredients have been used in the pet food industry for over 2 decades and represent a valuable source of protein to compliment animal-based ingredients. Moreover, individual ingredients used in commercial foods do not represent the final nutrient concentration of the complet

Optimized Callus Subculture and Multi-Omics Analysis Reveal Somatic Embryogenesis Bottlenecks in the Cold-Resistant Rubber Tree Clone GT1.

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) is the predominant global source of natural rubber; however, its cultivation is largely confined to tropical regions due to chilling sensitivity. Although the chilling-tolerant clone GT1 holds considerable promise for expanding cultivation latitudes and serving as a genetic transformation recipient, its utility is severely compromised by a recalcitrant somatic embryogenesis (SE) capacity relative to the elite clone Reyan 7-33-97 (R73397). Despite prior media optimization efforts, an efficient callus subculture system for GT1

Multi-omics integration reveals tissue-specific biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids in the medicinal plant Eupatorium lindleyanum.

BACKGROUND: Eupatorium lindleyanum is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive sesquiterpenoids, yet the genetic and regulatory basis underlying their biosynthesis remains completely unexplored. In particular, the marked tissue-specific accumulation of these compounds-abundant in aerial organs but scarce in roots-lacks a molecular explanation. RESULTS: Here, we integrated UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics with RNA-Seq transcriptomics to comprehensively profile sesquiterpenoid metabolites and their associated gene expression signatures across root, stem, leaf, and flower tissues of Eupatorium lindleyan

Floral scent profiling and candidate gene discovery in Hesperis oreophila.

Hesperis oreophila is a wild cruciferous aromatic plant endemic to North China, valued for both ornamental appeal and fragrance development. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying floral scent formation in Hesperis have not been systematically elucidated. In this study, HS-SPME-GC-MS-based VOC profiling was performed across four floral developmental stages, including small bud (P1), large bud (P2), initial bloom (P3), and full bloom (P4), whereas transcriptome sequencing was conducted for three scent-transition stages, P2, P3, and P4. A total of 1,211 volatile organic compound

Identification of Freezing-Responsive microRNAs and Their Targets in Chinese Jujube by Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing.

The jujube tree fruit remains a primary fruit in northern China, yet its geographical distribution and yield are significantly constrained by freezing stress during winter. Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal regulatory function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plant responses to low-temperature stress. Nevertheless, the specific miRNAs involved in the response to low temperatures and their associated gene networks in Ziziphus jujuba Mill are not well understood. In this investigation, we utilized high-throughput sequencing to analyze small RNA libraries from branches subjected to temperatur

Hybrid genome and enzyme characterization uncover novel glycosyltransferases associated with benzylisoquinoline alkaloid chemodiversity in lotus.

INTRODUCTION: Hybridization is a key evolutionary force that enriches genetic diversity and is associated with metabolic innovation. Lotus (Nelumbo), comprising Asian lotus (N. nucifera) and American lotus (N. lutea), is both a culturally important ornamental and medicinal plant rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). However, the genomic and biochemical basis of BIA glycoside biosynthesis remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: A high-quality hybrid lotus genome was presented to dissect the formation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid glycosides and the mechanism underlying their synthesis.

Involvement of long non-coding RNAs in selenium-mediated alleviation of cadmium stress by regulating antioxidant system in pepper.

The prevalent heavy metal pollutant cadmium (Cd) threatens agricultural safety and public health. Although selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd phytotoxicity, the role of lncRNA-mediated regulatory networks in this process remains poorly understood in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Here, we demonstrate that Se application alleviates Cd-induced growth inhibition in pepper by reducing Cd accumulation across tissues while increasing Se content. Moreover, Se supplementation enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, GR) and the GSH content. Cd downregulated the transcript levels of CAT