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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest surveillance --- Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), United States, October 1, 2005--December 31, 2010.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Each year, approximately 300,000 persons in the United States experience an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA); approximately 92% of persons who experience an OHCA event die. An OHCA is defined as cessation of cardiac mechanical activity that occurs outside of the hospital setting and is confirmed by the absence of signs of circulation. Whereas an OHCA can occur from noncardiac causes (i.e., trauma, drowning, overdose, asphyxia, electrocution, primary respiratory arrests, and other noncardiac etiologies), the majority (70%--85%) of such events have a cardiac cause. The ma…

Updating Korean Disability Weights for Causes of Disease: Adopting an Add-on Study Method.

ObjectivesDisability weights require regular updates, as they are influenced by both diseases and societal perceptions. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an up-to-date list of the causes of diseases and establish a survey panel for estimating disability weights. Accordingly, this study was conducted to calculate, assess, modify, and validate disability weights suitable for Korea, accounting for its cultural and social characteristics.MethodsThe 380 causes of disease used in the survey were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network and from 2019 and 2020 Korean

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… remained the same as in the previous study: “other meningitis” (0.583), “liver cancer secondary to alcohol use (stage 1)” (0.598), “asthma” (0.409), “Alzheimer disease and other dementias” (0.660), “conduct disorder” (0.314), “pruritus” (0.104), “other skin and subcutaneous diseases” (0.135), and “drowning …

Treatments for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

BACKGROUND: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is defined as sudden, unexpected, witnessed or unwitnessed, non-traumatic or non-drowning death of people with epilepsy, with or without evidence of a seizure, excluding documented status epilepticus and in whom postmortem examination does not reveal a structural or toxicological cause for death. SUDEP has a reported incidence of 1 to 2 per 1000 patient years and represents the most common epilepsy-related cause of death. The presence and frequency of generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), male sex, early age of seizure onset, duration…

Suicides among Danish cancer patients 1971-1999.

Compared to the general population, the suicide risk among Danish cancer patients diagnosed in 1971-1986 was increased by 50% for men and 30% for women. We updated the earlier study to evaluate both long-term and recent trends in the suicide risk. Cancer patients with a first cancer diagnosed between 1971 and 1999 in Denmark were followed-up for completed suicide through 1999. Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, 564 508 cancer patients were included and 1241 suicides observed. Both the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide relative to the general population and the suicide rates were an

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… Kolmos and Bach (1987) searched the Danish registers for possible misclassifications related to poisoning and drowning, and concluded that the suicide statistics in Denmark are reliable and come close to reflecting the true suicide rate. …

The penumbra of thalidomide, the litigation culture and the licensing of pharmaceuticals.

Fifty years ago several thousand children were born with severe limb defects after their mothers had been given thalidomide in pregnancy. This tragedy caused procedures for licensing new medicines to become much stricter. Where, nevertheless, significant side effects were found it became common to sue for damages. These consequences have caused possibly an even greater disaster damaging many more people and threatening ruin to health services everywhere. The huge increase in both time and cost in bringing medicines to market is increasing their price to unsupportable levels; and only wealthy c

The Cost of Biological Terrorism.

Most Americans are or will be facing a threat more real than crimes or terrorism-it is the threat of cancer. Indeed, one-fourth of all Americans alive today will ultimately die from cancer. Yet the level of funding for cancer research in 1998 and beyond remains in doubt. The Senate Appropriations Committee has proposed a higher funding figure than the House and the difference will be resolved in negotiations this September. President Clinton has recommended a meager 2.5% increase in spending on cancer. This sum is simply not enough. Although Americans may fool themselves into thinking the gove

The disease burden attributable to 18 occupational risks in China: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017.

BackgroundChina has more than 18% of the global population and over 770 million workers. However, the burden of disease attributable to occupational risks is unavailable in China. We aimed to estimate the burden of disease attributable to occupational exposures at provincial levels from 1990 to 2017.MethodsWe estimated the summary exposure values (SEVs), deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to occupational risk factors in China from 1990 to 2017, based on Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. There were 18 occupational risks, 22 related causes, and 35 risk-outcom

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… Nickel Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 4 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 4 Silica Pneumoconiosis Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 4 Sulfuric acid Larynx cancer 4 Trichloroethylene Kidney cancer 3 Ergonomic factors Low back pain 3 Injuries Road injuries Falls Drowning … and lung cancer 4 | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 4 | Silica | Pneumoconiosis Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 4 | Sulfuric acid | Larynx cancer 4 | Trichloroethylene | Kidney cancer 3 | Ergonomic factors | Low back pain 3 | Injuries | Road injuries Falls Drowning …

The burden of disease in Spain: results from the global burden of disease study 2010.

BackgroundWe herein evaluate the Spanish population's trends in health burden by comparing results of two Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Studies (the GBD studies) performed 20 years apart.MethodsData is part of the GBD study for 1990 and 2010. We present results for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for the Spanish population. Uncertainty intervals for all measures have been estimated.ResultsNon-communicable diseases accounted for 3,703,400 (95% CI 3,648,270-3,766,720) (91.3%) of 4,057,400 total

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… (34.25–53.05) | 42.32 (29.03–55.39) | 1,528.68 (1,254.66 – 1,728.1) | 1,042.66 (815 – 1,229.43) | 486.02 (376.59–575.11) Falls | 30.18 (18.17–39.84) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 7.5 | 18.0 | 14.31 (7.51–19.64) | 15.87 (8.02–23.56) | 447.58 (283.13–557.46) | 290.71 (160.9–367.9) | 156.87 (86.49–210.64) Drowning … 40% Unintentional injuries other than transport injuries | 2,638 (1,821–3,727.8) | 3,944 (2,760.5–5,515.8) | 50% | 5,486.5 (4,503.8–6,659) | 5,472.7 (4,205.3–7,082.7) | 0% Falls | 2,150.2 (1,471.2–3043.3) | 3,315.8 (2,316.6–4,644.3) | 54% | 2,462.8 (1,754.8–3,385.5) | 3,763.4 (2,726.7–5,125) | 53% Drowning …

Emergency Department Management of Common End-of-Life and Palliative Care Symptoms: Three Cases

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… Patients and their families can be comforted by the knowledge that it may not be associated with dyspnea or the sensation of drowning. These patients can benefit from suctioning or pharmaceutical interventions, such as atropine, L-hyoscyamine sulfate, or scopolamine [ 17 ]. …

Disability Weights Measurement for 289 Causes of Disease Considering Disease Severity in Korea.

BackgroundFor the Korean Burden of Disease (KBD) 2015 study, we have amended disability weights for causes of disease adapting the methodology of the KBD disability weight 2012 study.MethodsWe conducted a self-administered web-based survey in Korea using ranking five causes of disease. A total of 605 physicians and medical college students who were attending in third or fourth grade of a regular course performed the survey. We converted the ranked data into paired comparison data and ran a probit regression. The predicted probabilities for each cause of disease were calculated from the coeffic

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… vehicle | 0.470 | 0.410 | 0.530 256 | Road injury (pedal cycle vehicle) | 0.315 | 0.262 | 0.371 257 | Road injury (motorized vehicle with two wheels) | 0.495 | 0.435 | 0.555 258 | Road injury (motorized vehicle with three or more wheels) | 0.597 | 0.538 | 0.653 259 | Falls | 0.165 | 0.126 | 0.212 260 | Drowning …

Proceedings of the RAMI Intern Section Meeting.

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Disease burden of ageing, sex and regional disparities and health resources allocation: a longitudinal analysis of 31 provinces in Mainland China.

ObjectivesTo measure the disease burden of ageing based on age-related diseases (ARDs), the sex and regional disparities and the impact of health resources allocation on the burden in China.DesignA national comparative study based on Global Burden of Diseases Study estimates and China's routine official statistics.Setting and participantsThirty-one provinces of Mainland China were included for analysis in the study. No individuals were involved.MethodsWe first identified the ARDs and calculated the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ARDs in 2016. We assessed the ARD burden disparities b

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… diseases | Fungal skin diseases, pruritus, decubitus ulcer and other skin and subcutaneous diseases Sense organ diseases | Age-related and other hearing loss, other sense organ diseases, blindness, and vision loss Musculoskeletal disorders | Low back pain Injuries | Unintentional injuries | Falls, drowning …

Incidence and risk factors for suicide and attempted suicide following a diagnosis of hematological malignancy.

Solid tumors are associated with an increased risk of suicide, however, there is limited detailed information on the risk of suicide in patients with hematological malignancies. Therefore, we conducted a population-based study including 47,220 patients with hematological malignancies (diagnosed 1992-2006) and their 235,868 matched controls to define the incidence and risk factors for suicide and suicide attempt. Information on suicides, suicide attempts, and preexisting psychiatric disorders was obtained from Swedish registers and individual medical records. There was a twofold increased (haza

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… 9 | 26 Active treatment | 12 | 23 Including corticosteroids | 10 | 25 In remission with no ongoing treatment | 16 | 19 Palliation | 7 | 28 Substantial pain | 14 | 21 Unknown n = 1 | | Method of suicide | Men | Women Hanging | 6 | 4 Intoxication with sedatives/analgesics | 5 | 3 Fall/jump | 4 | 2 Drowning …

Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non-asphyxial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac arrest can be subdivided into asphyxial and non asphyxial etiologies. An asphyxia arrest is caused by lack of oxygen in the blood and occurs in drowning and choking victims and in other circumstances. A non asphyxial arrest is usually a loss of functioning cardiac electrical activity. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a well-established treatment for cardiac arrest. Conventional CPR includes both chest compressions and 'rescue breathing' such as mouth-to-mouth breathing. Rescue breathing is deli…

Treatments for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review, published in 2016, Issue 7. Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is defined as sudden, unexpected, witnessed or unwitnessed, non-traumatic or non-drowning death of people with epilepsy, with or without evidence of a seizure, excluding documented status epilepticus and in whom postmortem examination does not reveal a structural or toxicological cause for death. SUDEP has a reported incidence of 1 to 2 per 1000 patient-years and represents the most common epilepsy-related cause of death. The presence and frequency of …

Морфологическое исследование ячеек HLA-DR-иммунопозитивных клеток в множестве склерозов и их последствий для патогенеза

Фон: Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется обезвоживанием белой материи, которое может быть классифицировано как активный, хронически активный или хронически неактивный в зависимости от степени обезвоживания, клетчатости и воспаления. Ключевую роль в этих процессах играют микроглии и макрофаги. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении морфологических характеристик клеток HLA-DR-иммунопозитивных клеток в этих досках, с тем чтобы улучшить наше понимание роли этих клеток в досках MS. Методы: Это исследование представляет собой ретроспективное исследование гистопатологического характера

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… The causes of death in these cases varied: one case involved drowning, three cases involved sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), one case involved sudden death with no identifiable cause or brain pathology, and one case involved necrotizing fasciitis with no significant pathological alterations …

Disability Weights Measurement for 228 Causes of Disease in the Korean Burden of Disease Study 2012.

Disability weight for each disease plays a key role in combining years lived with disability and years of life lost in disability adjusted life year. For the Korean Burden of Disease 2012 study, we have conducted a re-estimation of disability weights for causes of disease by adapting the methodology of a recent Global Burden of Disease study. Our study was conducted through a self-administered web-based survey using a paired comparison (PC) as the main valuation method. A total of 496 physicians and medical college students who were attending in third or fourth grade of a regular course conduc

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… 0.209 | 0.137-0.299 Edentulism | 0.651 | 0.556-0.738 Pedestrian injury by road vehicle | 0.534 | 0.437-0.629 Pedal cycle vehicle | 0.357 | 0.266-0.458 Motorized vehicle with two wheels | 0.529 | 0.428-0.630 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels | 0.588 | 0.487-0.685 Falls | 0.613 | 0.513-0.708 Drowning …

Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress.

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A GBD 2019 study of health and Sustainable Development Goal gains and forecasts to 2030 in Spain.

This study aimed to report mortality, risk factors, and burden of diseases in Spain. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 estimates the burden due to 369 diseases, injuries, and impairments and 87 risk factors and risk factor combinations. Here, we detail the updated Spain 1990-2019 burden of disease estimates and project certain metrics up to 2030. In 2019, leading causes of death were ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, and lung cancer. Main causes of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were ischaemic heart

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… injuries | 8918 | 7810 | 9686 | 4484 | 4126 | 4784 | 4434 | 3626 | 4994 | 153,604 | 142,261 | 162,275 | 97,217 | 92,508 | 102,353 | 56,387 | 49,023 | 61,866 Falls | 4622 | 3952 | 5128 | 2267 | 2040 | 2492 | 2355 | 1892 | 2751 | 71,048 | 65,105 | 76,431 | 44,015 | 40,775 | 47,662 | 27,033 | 22,935 | 30,494 Drowning …