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Noninvasive prediction of shunt operation outcome in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a syndrome characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive deterioration and urinary incontinence in elderly individuals. These symptoms can be improved by shunt operation in some but not all patients. Therefore, discovering predictive factors for the surgical outcome is of great clinical importance. We used normalized power variance (NPV) of electroencephalography (EEG) waves, a sensitive measure of the instability of cortical electrical activity, and found significantly higher NPV in beta frequency band at the right fronto-temporo-occipital ele…

Reproducibility of EEG-fMRI results in a patient with fixation-off sensitivity.

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation associated with interictal epileptiform discharges in a patient with fixation-off sensitivity (FOS) was studied using a combined electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) technique. An automatic approach for combined EEG-fMRI analysis and a subject-specific hemodynamic response function was used to improve general linear model analysis of the fMRI data. The EEG showed the typical features of FOS, with continuous epileptiform discharges during elimination of central vision by eye opening and closing and fixation; …

[Emergency and intensive medical care of status epilepticus].

Convulsive status epilepticus is defined as a general or focal epileptic seizure lasting longer than 5 min or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures. Status epilepticus is a life-threatening condition caused by underlying pathologies (e.g., stroke, meningitis, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral edema). In addition, patients are in danger of physical injury and impaired brain stem reflexes. This also applies to nonconvulsive status epilepticus, which is often characterized by an "unclear loss of consciousness". Although it can only be diagnosed by electroencephalography, it…

Cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterised by repetitive cessation or reduction of airflow due to upper airway obstructions. These respi … y of these cognitive deficits. Markers of cognitive dysfunctions such as those measured with waking electroencephalography and neuroimaging are also presented. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cognitive functioning and the possibility of permanent brain damage associated with OSA are also discussed. Finally, this paper reviews the evidence su …

Intracerebral functional connectivity-guided neurofeedback as a putative rehabilitative intervention for ameliorating auditory-related dysfunctions.

Electroencephalography (EEG) constitutes one of the most eligible candidates for neurofeedback applications, principally due to its excellent temporal resolution best reflecting the natural dynamics of brain processes. In addition, EEG is easy to use and provides the opportunity for mobile applications. In the present opinion article, we pinpoint the advantages of using intracerebral functional connectivity (IFC) instead of quantitative scalp EEG for interventional applications. In fact, due to the convergence of multiple signals originating from different spatial locations and electrophysiolo…

The comparison of motor learning performance with and without feedback.

Ten individuals were divided into two feedback and no-feedback groups. The effect of abstract visual feedback was investigated in these two groups. Using eight electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, the induced event-related desynchronization/synchronization of the EEG of three motor imagery tasks (left hand, right hand, and right foot) was analyzed by wavelet and spatial filtering methods. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify the three imagery tasks. Each imagery task's total length was set to 3 s and 1 s of it was used for the classification. The classification result was show…

Unilateral rhythmic hand tapping in Rett syndrome: is this stereotypy?

Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, with hand stereotypies as a hallmark of the disease. Epilepsy is a frequent comorbidity and is accompanied by centrotemporal spikes on electroencephalogram, but stereotypic movements should not have epileptiform correlates. During routine video-electroencephalographic investigation in 5 Rett syndrome patients, we identified a peculiar type of unilateral, highly rhythmic hand tapping accompanied by contralateral synchronous centrotemporal spikes on electroencephalography. This phenomenon is not consistent with either reflex seizures or hand…

Споральные прионские заболевания: молекулярные исследования и диагностика.

Болезни приона человека могут быть спорадическими, унаследованными или приобретенными за счет инфекции. Отличительные клинические и патологические характеристики делят спорадические заболевания на три фенотипа: болезнь Креуцфельдта-Якоба (CJD), летальная бессонница и во многом чувствительная приоринопатия. На долю CJD приходится более 90% всех случаев спорадической прионной болезни; она, как правило, подразделяется на пять подтипов, которые можно отличать по основным клиническим признакам, гистологическим повреждениям и молекулярным характеристикам патогенного прионного белка. Три подтипа оказ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Human prion diseases can be sporadic, inherited, or acquired by infection. Distinct clinical and pathological characteristics separate spora … areful clinical examination and early performance and interpretation of diagnostic tests, including electroencephalography, quantitative assessment of the surrogate markers 14-3-3, tau, and of the prion protein in the CSF, and neuroimaging. The reliability of CSF tests is improved when these tests are interpreted alongside neuroimaging data.

The emerging use of technology for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

BACKGROUND: Our objective is to review emerging technologies intended for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS: These technologies include repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), cortical brain stimulation (CBS), and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). RESULTS: The rationale for these technologies, their mechanisms of action, and how they are used in clinical practice are described. rTMS and VNS are effective for treatment-resistant depression…

Reading epilepsy as the initial symptom of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

Reading epilepsy is a rare form of reflex epilepsy that occurs exclusively during reading. In this report, we describe a patient in whom seizure was the initial symptom of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. A 31-year-old man experienced seizures three times in different bookshops while browsing. Chvostek's sign was observed. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were decreased. Brain computed tomography revealed symmetrical calcification at the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. The interictal electroencephalography was normal. There was no photoparoxysmal response. Aft…

[Phenomenology of vascular epilepsy: clinical-functional-neuroimaging correlates].

One hundred and seventy-three patients with ischemic brain lesion and steno-occlusive process who have different types of epileptic seizures have been studied. The seizures have developed in 51.5% of patients after ischemic stroke and in 48.5% of patients with chronic brain ischemia. Electroencephalography, magnetic-resonance tomography, transcranial dopplerography, a duplex study of intracranial cerebral vessels with functional tests and extracranial dopplerography have been conducted along with a neurological examination. Focal seizures were the most prevalent in patients with lesions of the…

Oscillatory EEG correlates of arithmetic strategy use in addition and subtraction.

Adults use different strategies in mental arithmetic. For example, they directly retrieve the answer from memory or calculate by means of procedural strategies. Despite growing insight into the hemodynamic and electrophysiological correlates of these strategies, the functional changes in the oscillatory brain dynamics during the use of these strategies remain unknown. In the present high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) study, we analysed event-related synchronisation (ERS) and desynchronisation (ERD) in the theta and alpha bands while participants solved addition and subtraction proble…

Neuropsychological effects of hostility and pain on emotion perception.

In order to examine the neuropsychological effects of hostility on emotional and pain processing, auditory emotion perception before and after cold pressor pain in high and low hostile men was examined. Additionally, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was recorded between each experimental manipulation. Results indicated that identification of emotion post cold pressor differed as a function of hostility level and ear. Primary QEEG findings indicated increased left temporal activation after cold pressor exposure and increased reactivity to cold pressor pain in the high hostile group. L…

Sleep apnea and the heart: diagnosis and treatment.

Although sleep apnea is closely associated with cardiovascular disease, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Obstructive sleep apnea … of the autonomic nervous system may have a direct association with arrhythmia. Polysomnography with electroencephalography is the gold standard for assessing sleep apnea. Alternative methods of screening for OSA have recently become available. Continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea reduces cardiac risk and cardiovascular disease mortality. Targe …

Strategies for surgical treatment of epilepsies in developing countries.

Epilepsy surgery has been proved to be efficacious, safe and cost-effective in developing countries. However, the success of epilepsy surger … ith the help of basic investigative technologies, for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Patients with potentially epileptogenic, well-circumscribed lesions on MRI and patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) are reasonable candidates for surgery. Palliative epilepsy surgeries include corpus callosotomy and other discon …

Atypical presentations of SSPE: a clinical study in four cases.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, fatal disease of the central nervous system caused by a persistent measles virus. It is clinically characterized by insidious onset of intellectual deterioration and behavioral changes followed by myoclonias and eventually complete neurologic deterioration. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical features, periodic electroencephalography (EEG) complexes of high slow waves and increased antibody titer against measles in cerebrospinal fluid. Here, we report four SSPE cases, two of whom manifested with hemiparesis; in the thir…

[Lance-Adams syndrome in patient with anoxic encephalopathy in the course of bronchial asthma].

Lance-Adams syndrome, described in 1963, is caused by anoxia of central nervous system, generally in the course of primary respiratory failu … h cerebellar syndrome, aphonia, dysphagia and generalized convulsive seizures of tonic-clonic type. Electroencephalography showed polyspikes and complex of polyspikes-slow wave, synchronized with myoclonus. CT of the brain was normal. Action myoclonus responded appropriately to sodium valproate. The authors indicate the importance of the correct diagnosis and proper tre …

A case of psychosis with temporal lobe epilepsy: SPECT changes with treatment.

An 8-year-old male was referred to the child psychiatry department because of vivid visual and auditory hallucinations, including multiple v … temporal hypoperfusion was normalized. After discontinuation of risperidone, symptoms returned, and electroencephalography revealed generalized slow-wave activity particularly prominent in the left temporal region. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of cerebral blood flow changes in a pediatric patient with psychosis after treatment.

[Use of mildronate for the treatment of patients with circulatory encephalopathy against a background of stenosis of major arteries of the head].

Chronic cerebrovascular ischemia is an important cerebrovascular disorder leading to progression of the functional neurological deficite--to … toring was conducted of the condition of patients with making use of X-ray computerized tomography, electroencephalography, ultrasonic dopplerography of extra- and intracranial arteries, an assessment was done of findings from the neuropsychological testing. A positive effect is shown on the degree of neurological symptomatology, hemodynamic, electrophysiological, neuro …

Rhythmic movement disorder in children.

How should sleep-related rhythmic movements in children be assessed and treated? Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) represents an unusual vari … manifestations; data regarding their epidemiology and natural history; the role of polysomnography, electroencephalography; and other diagnostic testing. Potential causes of the condition and available methods of treatment are also examined.