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Conference report on the 28th annual meeting of the European Musculo-Skeletal Oncology Society, 29 April-1 May 2015, Athens.

The 28th Annual Meeting of the European Musculo-Skeletal Oncology Society was organised in Athens by the local host Professor Papagelopoulos and his team. The main objective of the meeting was to focus on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The interdisciplinary nature of the meeting was of great value-surgeons, oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and basic researchers discussed new strategies in the war on sarcoma. This report will highlight the major findings of this successful meeting.

Advances in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review).

PURPOSE: Identifying factors that affect recovery or restoration of neurological function is a key goal of rehabilitation in neurology and ophthalmology. One such factor can be prolonged mental stress, which may be not only the consequence of nervous system damage but also a major risk factor, or cause, of neural inactivation. Using the visual system as a model of neural injury, we wished to study how patients' stress and personality profiles correlate with vision recovery as induced by therapy with alternating current stimulation (ACS) in patients with optic nerve damage. METHODS: Personalit

Virtual Reality-Based Exercise Rehabilitation in Cancer-Related Dysfunctions: Scoping Review.

BackgroundVirtual reality-based exercise rehabilitation (VRER) is a promising intervention for patients with cancer-related dysfunctions (CRDs). However, studies focusing on VRER for CRDs are lacking, and the results are inconsistent.ObjectiveWe aimed to review the application of VRER in patients with CRDs.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist framework. Publications were included from the time of database establishment to October 14, 2023. The databases were

Cancer Immune Therapy for Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. MPN are characterized by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. Of interest, the potent immunostimulatory cytokine interferon-α has been used to treat MPN for decades. A deeper understanding of the anti-cancer immune response and of the different immune regulatory mechanisms in patients with MPN has paved the way for an increased perception of the potential of cancer immunotherapy in MPN. Therapeutic vaccination targeting the driver mut

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… This phenomenon has been exploited clinically by the invention of PD-1-blocking antibodies, which block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. … The patent has been transferred to University Hospital Zealand, Zealand Region and Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Capital Region according to Danish Law concerning inventions made at public research institutions. References 1. Park J.H. Rivière I. Gonen M. Wang X. Sénéchal B. …

RNA N 6-Methyladenosine in Cancer Metastasis: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Cancer metastasis is a symptom of adverse prognosis, a prime origin of therapy failure, and a lethal challenge for cancer patients. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevailing modification in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of higher eukaryotes, has attracted increasing attention. Growing studies have verified the pivotal roles of m6A methylation in controlling mRNAs and ncRNAs in diverse physiological processes. Remarkably, recent findings have showed that aberrant methylation of m6A-related RNAs could influence cancer metastasis. In this review, we illuminate how m6A m

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium.

The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the

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… However, a number of previous important discoveries and inventions paved the way for the birth of modern oncology. … This revolution began with the discoveries of Paracelsus (1493–1541) to reach the intuitions of Percival Pott (1714–1788), passing from the invention of the microscope and the theories of cancer onset postulated by Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), to the first approaches of experimental oncology and radiotherapy …

Prediction of Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone in Elderly Patients: A Nomogram and a Risk Classification System for Overall Survival.

BACKGROUND: Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) is an isolated plasmacytoma of bone origin, most commonly seen in the elderly, with a poor prognosis. So far, there is no precise nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of elderly patients with SPB. Our goal is to construct and validate a nomogram for elderly patients with SPB. METHODS: This study collected all elderly patients with SPB in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2018, and the variables included were age, sex, race, marital status, primary site, grade, stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and r

Psychological care of caregivers, nurses and physicians: a study of a new approach.

There is much evidence demonstrating that psychosocial interventions in caregivers and oncological staff produce an improvement in their patients' quality of life. The aim of this explorative study was to evaluate the effect of a new approach in promoting more functional ways to face stressful situations in the constellation of people around patients: caregivers, physicians and nurses. Thirty-four subjects were divided into three groups: 10 caregivers, 11 physicians, and 13 nurses. A "Balint Group" method modified according to a mindfulness technique was used as the intervention. Three assessm

Early intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: focus on tocilizumab.

Tocilizumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 receptors that was approved for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several lines of evidence, obtained both from conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have supported the concept of "window of opportunity" as showing that these therapies consistently work better in early disease as compared to established RA. This review addresses the question of whether a window of opportunity gained with conventional DMARDs and TNF inhibitors can

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell: A cancer immunotherapy.

During present decade, targeted drug therapy has been the epitome for treatment of cancer. Drugs like Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor and Trastuzumab, an human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu inhibitor, has been developed and accepted widely for management of chronic myeloid leukaemia and breast cancer respectively. Recent development among the various immunotherapies is adoptive cell transfer (ACT). Research on development of various types of ACT immunotherapy is going on, but so far, Chimeric antigen receptors T cell therapy (CAR-T) has achieved the maximum advancement

A bibliometric analysis of CD38-targeting antibody therapy in multiple myeloma from 1985 to 2021.

BackgroundCD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is relatively highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and CD38-targeting antibodies use pleiotropic mechanisms to kill MM cells. Immunotherapy, with an increased quality of response and acceptable toxicity, shows tremendous potential for treating MM. This research field study aimed to analyze all the relevant literature via bibliometrics to identify its course of development and structural relationships.MethodsA total of 1,030 relevant articles were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from 1985 to June 21, 2021.

Nurse Coaching in Oncology Care to Reduce Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Nurse coaching can reduce stress throughout the complex psychosocial process associated with the cancer journey, which affects numerous spheres, such as neurological, psychological, physical, and emotional ones. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to assess the extent of stress reduction among cancer care adopting nurse coaching interventions. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with id no. CRD420261290368 and performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Fingolimod улучшает амилоидное осаждение и нейродегенерацию в модели APP/PS1 мыши болезни Альцгеймера.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Иммунная система играет важнейшую роль в регулировании метаболизма амилоид-бета (Aβ) в болезни Альцгеймера (AD). Как T, так и B лимфоциты участвуют в патогенезе AD. Спингосин-1-фосфат (S1P) рецепторный модулятор финголимод, используемый для лечения множественного склероза, может способствовать обживанию лимфоцитов, что может уменьшить инфильтрацию периферийных лимфоцитов в мозг. МЕТОДЫ: В рамках данного исследования 8-месячные мыши АПП/PS1 в течение 2 месяцев подвергались пероральному воздействию фингимода при дозе 1 мг/кг в сутки или соленого раствора в качестве средства контроля. П

The penumbra of thalidomide, the litigation culture and the licensing of pharmaceuticals.

Fifty years ago several thousand children were born with severe limb defects after their mothers had been given thalidomide in pregnancy. This tragedy caused procedures for licensing new medicines to become much stricter. Where, nevertheless, significant side effects were found it became common to sue for damages. These consequences have caused possibly an even greater disaster damaging many more people and threatening ruin to health services everywhere. The huge increase in both time and cost in bringing medicines to market is increasing their price to unsupportable levels; and only wealthy c

Using digital technology to support wellbeing and independence among people living with incurable cancers: a systematic review.

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review is to summarise and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of using digital technology to deliver physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote wellbeing and independence among adults with advanced or incurable cancer.MethodsSystematic structured searches for any experimental study exploring physical activity and/or nutrition intervention delivery with digital technology were conducted in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A

Abass Alavi: A giant in Nuclear Medicine turns 80 and is still going strong!

Little was written in the stars above the city of Tabriz in Iran on March 15, 1938 indicating that a newborn citizen would immigrate to Amer … a clear eye to make results clinically useful. Had the Noble Prize been awarded not only for single inventions but also for the cumulated contribution of an outstanding researcher to patients who suffer and mankind as a whole, Dr. Abass Alavi would be on top of the candidate list. What may such an experienced birthday-person foretell about the future? He wou …

Psychobiographical Reflections on Marilyn Yalom's Experience of Death and Dying.

The universal awareness of death is central to the framework of existential psychology. However, its subjective confrontation remains deeply personal. Marilyn Yalom (1938-2019), distinguished feminist scholar and cultural historian, documented her intimate reflections on dying in a book co-authored with her husband, Irvin Yalom, renowned existential psychotherapist and author. This single-case psychobiography sought to examine her experience, focusing on her diarised reflections on living with and dying from a terminal illness in this book as the primary data source. Data analysis examined Mar

Analysis of the most influential publications on vertebral augmentation for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A review.

This study aimed to analyze the most influential publications on vertebral augmentation for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The Web of Science database was searched using the key words "percutaneous vertebroplasty," "percutaneous kyphoplasty," "balloon kyphoplasty," "vertebroplasty," "kyphoplasty," and "vertebral augmentation." The top 100 publications were arranged by citations per year and descriptively and visually analyzed. The top 100 publications were cited 25,482 times, with an average of 14.4 citations per paper per year. The corresponding authors of the publicati

Advances in preclinical hematopoietic stem cell models and possible implications for improving therapeutic transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for many malignant, congenital, and acquired hematologic diseases. Some outstanding challenges in the HSCT field include the paucity of immunologically-matched donors, our inability to effectively expand hematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo, and the high infection risk during engraftment. Scientists are striving to develop protocols to generate, expand, and maintain HSCs ex vivo, however these are not yet ready for clinical application. Given these problems, advancing our understanding of HSC specification, regulation, and differ

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… The inventions of flow cytometry and monoclonal antibody manufacturing revolutionized the prospective identification of mammalian HSCs. Coupling these technologies with single cell transplantation has led to increasingly refined immunophenotypic definitions of murine and human HSPC subpopulations. …

The Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: Advantages, Trials, and Tribulations, and the Road Ahead.

Immunotherapy is the upcoming trend in cancer treatment. Traditional cancer treatment methods include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, small molecule targeted drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Surgical resection is useful for early-stage patients but not for metastatic cancer cells; radiotherapy and chemotherapy are more common but produce substantial damage to normal tissues and have poor selectivity. Targeted drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, have better comprehensive efficacy but can also encourage gene mutation of tumor c

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… While the effectiveness of these inventions is being explored and established, it leaves a lot of scope and opportunities for future research to develop innovations in CAR technologies that can efficiently address the current limitations and lead to widespread adaptation of the treatment. …