Результаты поиска

Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Alkaptonuria: A Case-Based Review of Literature.

Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a mutation in the homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase (HGD) gene, which encodes the HGD enzyme. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) and benzoquinone acetic acid (BQA), which is an oxidised product of HGA. Both these compounds form polymerised deposits, which cause bluish black discolouration of the cartilage. They also cause inflammation, degeneration and calcification of ligaments, large joints, tendons and intervertebral discs. A fragmented cartilage forms, which attaches to

Astrocyte-specific FoxF2 modulates immune and myelin repair: Evidence from multiple sclerosis lesions and an animal model.

As multiple sclerosis (MS) progresses, myelin repair becomes inefficient. To gain insight into the underlying causes, we RNA-sequenced postmortem brain tissues from 4 and 6 patients, comparing remyelinating versus chronically active MS lesions. We identified the transcription factor FoxF2 as highly expressed within remyelinating lesions. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed FoxF2 co-expression in GFAP-positive astrocytes, suggesting a subpopulation of astrocytes with a potential role in repair. To investigate how FoxF2 may influence repair, we examined cuprizone (CPZ)-induced …

The role of cannabinoid ligands in neurodegenerative diseases: Emerging anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation and disease-modifying perspectives.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a growing global health burden driven by population aging and remain without disease-modifying therapies. Although chronic neuroinflammation and aberrant protein aggregation are widely recognized as shared pathological hallmarks of major NDs - including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases and multiple sclerosis - the causal relationships linking immunoinflammatory signaling to neurodegenerative progression remain contentious. Therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation have thus far yielded limited clinical success, underscoring th…

Filtered-phase imaging versus susceptibility-weighted imaging for paramagnetic rim lesion detection in multiple sclerosis: A head-to-head comparison.

BACKGROUND: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) detected on susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent chronic active lesions and correlate with disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, optimal detection methods remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare PRL detection using filtered-phase imaging versus susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and assess inter-rater reliability among clinical neuroimmunologists. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 3T MRI from 44 relapsing-remitting MS patients. Four neurologists with neuroimmunology training received 30-minute t…

The oral-gut-brain axis: how periodontitis influence depression.

Depression has a high global prevalence and is a common mental-emotional disorder that severely jeopardizes human health. However, current t … and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. This review systematically examines the impact of periodontitis on oral microbiota and its subsequent translocation and colonization in the gut microbiota through pathways including swallowing …

Vitamin D for multiple sclerosis as an adjuvant therapy: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, with limited effective adjuvant therapies beyond immunomodulatory agents. Vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a potential adjunct treatment due to its immunomodulatory properties. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for patients with MS. METHODS: We conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D supplementation (any form or dose) plus standard care versus standard care alone o…

Средиземноморская диета и достаточность питательных микроэлементов в связи с риском повторного возникновения множественных склерозов: тематическое исследование.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием, под влиянием экологических факторов, включая рацион питания. Средиземное питание (MeDi), богатое антивоспалительными и антиокислительными соединениями, а также адекватность питательных микроэлементов могут снизить риск и прогрессировать в плане НР. АИМ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в изучении связей между Средиземноморским диетическим счётом (MDS), средним коэффициентом достаточности (MAR) и риском, связанным с НР, в рамках контроля за конкретными случаями. МЕТОДЫ: Это тематическое иссл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease influenced by environmental factors, including diet. The Mediterranean Diet (MeDi), rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, and micronutrient adequacy may reduce MS risk and progression. AIM: This study aims to examine the associations between the Mediterr…

Биомаркеры сыворотки и цереброспиновой жидкости в качестве предсказателей когнитивного расстройства при множественном склерозе: систематический обзор продольных исследований.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы, характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием, глиозом и нейронной потерей. Когнитивные расстройства являются частью клинического представления, а также на ранних стадиях с коэффициентом распространенности: 40 в адрес 65% и тесно связаны с низким качеством жизни. В последние годы достижения в области молекулярных биомаркеров способствовали повышению точности когнитивной диагностики и выявлению объектов, подверженных риску развития когнитивных расстройств. Сосредоточив внимание на продольных исследова

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neuronal loss. Cognitive disorders are part of the clinical presentation, as well as in the early stages, with a prevalence rate ranging from 40 to 65% and are strictly associated with poor qua…

Антивоспалительный потенциал королевской желе в множественных склерозовых болезнях: двойное случайное клиническое испытание.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой хроническое, аутоиммунное и нейродегенеративное заболевание, которое влияет на центральную нервную систему. Королевское желе (RJ), богатое питательными веществами вещество, известное своими свойствами против воспаления и антиокислителя, обладает потенциалом, препятствующим прогрессированию заболеваний путем смягчения подстрекательских процессов и окислительного стресса. Это исследование было проведено с целью изучения воздействия RJ на окислительный стресс и подстрекательские маркеры у лиц, диагностированных с помощью MS. МЕТОДЫ: Это выбо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. Royal jelly (RJ), a nutrient-rich substance known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, holds potential in impeding disease progression by mitigating inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. This study was…

Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis: From Experimental Models to Clinical Practice-A Review.

BACKGROUND: As far as 80% of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience disabling symptoms in the course of the disease, such as spasticity and neuropathic pain. As first-line symptomatic therapy is associated with important adverse reactions, cannabinoids have become increasingly popular among patients with MS. This review intends to provide an overview of the evidence of the role of cannabinoids in treating symptoms related to MS and to encourage further research on this matter. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: To date, the evidence supporting the role of cannabis and its derivatives in …

Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). In its early stages, it results in inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. Egypt has the highest rates in the Middle East region. The pathogenicity of MS involves mitochondrial function. Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can produce variation in the copy number (CN) and decline in mitochondrial function. Our goal was to determine the potential of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker of MS and the progression of the disease. The study included 25 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and 25 a…

Estimated economic benefit of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Canadians to or above 100 nmol/L.

Mounting evidence from observational and clinical trials indicates that optimal vitamin D reduces the risk of many diseases. We used observa … cted by 25(OH)D concentration included cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, respiratory infections, and musculoskeletal disorders. We used 25(OH)D concentration-health outcome relations for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease and results of clinical trials with vitamin D for respiratory infections and musculoskeletal …

Early disruption of glial communication via connexin gap junction in multiple sclerosis, Baló's disease and neuromyelitis optica.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and Baló's disease (BD) are inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. We previously reported anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4) antibody-dependent AQP4 loss occurs in some NMO patients, while antibody-independent AQP4 astrocytopathy can occur in heterogeneous demyelinating conditions, including MS, NMO and BD. To investigate the relationship between astrocytopathy and demyelination, we focused on connexins (Cxs), which form gap junctions (GJs) between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and maintain homeostasis in the CNS. We evaluated expressio…

Reduced retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis with no history of optic neuritis identified by the use of spectral domain high-definition optical coherence tomography.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both inflammatory and degenerative components. The visual system is frequently involved, often in the form of visual loss from optic neuritis (ON). Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss has been demonstrated in individuals with MS, not only in those with previous ON but also in absence of historical evidence of previous acute inflammation/demyelination of the optic nerve. Peripapillary RNFL measurements of all quadrants, central macular thickness, and average macular thickness were performed …

Advancements in Pharmacotherapy and Mobile Health Applications for Self-Management in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, affecting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Long-term pharmacotherapy and treatment adherence remain major determinants of relapse prevention and disability progression. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a narrative review compared FDA and EMA approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for MS. Clinical, real-world, and patentbased data were synthesized to evaluate efficacy, adherence, and safety profiles. Digital health applications supporting self-management were…

Failed, Inconclusive or Interrupted Trials in Multiple Sclerosis: 2020-2024 Update.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal loss, with significant public health impact. Despite important therapeutic advances, major unmet needs remain, mainly in targeting neurodegeneration, blocking progression independent of relapse activity and fostering remyelination. Several compounds tested to address some of these processes yielded negative or inconclusive results, forcing researchers, clinicians and industry to look for alternative molecules to alter key underlying pathways. The aim of this study was to examine …

Advances in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are chronic, heterogeneous disorders that are often diagnosed after irreversible tissue damage and treated with broad immunosuppression that fails to deliver durable remission. Nanotechnology offers opportunities to sense early immune perturbations and to deliver interventions with molecular, cellular and organ-level precision. Here we synthesize advances from 2015 to 2025 in nano-enabled diagnosis and therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and selected rare AIDs. On t…

Matrix metalloprotease-9 modulates microglial/macrophage responses in murine brain demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system targets the protective myelin sheath surrounding axons in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve, leading to demyelination and ultimately neurodegeneration. Promoting remyelination to delay or halt disease progression remains a major therapeutic challenge in MS research. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. Elevated levels of MMP-9 have been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and demyelinating lesions of MS patients, where MMP-9 contributes to myelin breakdow…

Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which environmental factors play an important role in shaping disease risk, activity, and progression. Over the past decade, human and experimental studies have consistently shown alterations in the gut microbiome across the phenotypic spectrum of MS and have linked these changes to immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that microbial function, particularly metabolite production plays a more direct role in shaping immune…

Disease-modifying effects on chronic axon damage and white matter degeneration with 4-aminopyridine after acute traumatic brain injury.

Axonal injury is a hallmark pathology of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) that drives degeneration of white matter in chronic TBI and in neurodegenerative diseases. No available therapies effectively treat damaged axons. We focused on early, potentially reversible, axonal pathologies of abnormal nodes of Ranvier and demyelination as intervention targets. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), which blocks potassium Kv channels, is an FDA-approved drug prescribed for multiple sclerosis to enhance axon signal conduction through nodes with Kv channels exposed by demyelination. We hypothesized that early 4-AP …