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Emerging infectious diseases: a cause for concern.

As the twenty-first century begins it becomes increasingly apparent that the twentieth century, which opened with the promise of the eradica … lmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, hemolytic uremic syndrome (caused by a strain of Escherichia coli), Rift Valley fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, and schistosomiasis. The reasons for this situation are easily identified in some cases as associated with treatment modalities (permissive use of antibiotics), the industrial use of antibiotics …

Toscana virus NSs protein promotes degradation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase.

Toscana virus (TOSV), which is transmitted by Phlebotomus spp. sandflies, is a major etiologic agent of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in the Mediterranean. Like other members of the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae, TOSV encodes a nonstructural protein (NSs) in its small RNA segment. Although the NSs of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been identified as an important virulence factor, which suppresses host general transcription, inhibits transcription from the beta interferon promoter, and promotes the proteasomal degradation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase …

Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine.

Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Repurposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FLUAV)…

Панзоотики и бедные слои населения: разработка глобальной рамочной основы для определения приоритетов в борьбе с заболеваниями скота в целях сокращения масштабов нищеты.

Панзоотики, такие, как высокопатогенный птичий грипп и лихорадка Рифт-Вэлли, происходят из стран Юга, главным образом среди бедных общин. На глобальном уровне примерно две трети из этих лиц, живущих менее чем на 2 долл. Следовательно, необходимо более целенаправленно проводить мероприятия по охране здоровья животных в целях сокращения масштабов нищеты с использованием подхода, основанного на фактических данных. Таким образом, в документе предлагается трехэтапная система определения приоритетов с использованием расчетов, полученных на основе стандартных показателей нищеты: разрыв в уровне бедно

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Panzootics such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and Rift Valley fever have originated from the South, largely among poor communities. On a global level, approximately two-thirds of those individuals living on less than US$2 per day keep livestock. Consequently, there is a need to better target animal health interventions for poverty reduction using an e…

Satellite imaging and vector-borne diseases: the approach of the French National Space Agency (CNES).

Tele-epidemiology consists in studying human and animal epidemic, the spread of which is closely tied to environmental factors, using data f … ted. A number of such approaches have been tested in the last three years. In Senegal, for example, Rift Valley fever epidemics are being monitored using a predictive model based on the rate at which water holes dry out after the rainy season, which affects the number of mosquito eggs which carry the virus.

A systematic review to describe patterns of animal and human viral research in Rwanda.

Rwanda is located in the Central East African region where several viral pathogens with global importance were originally described, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola, Zika, Rift Valley Fever (RVF), dengue and a long list of other neglected tropical viral pathogens. Due to many factors, this region has the potential to become a global hotspot for viral emergence. In Rwanda, viral diseases are underreported and the question is whether this is due to the absence of these viruses or a lack of investigation. Like many developing countries, capabilities in Rwanda need improvement …

Network-level reproduction number and extinction threshold for vector-borne diseases.

The basic reproduction number of deterministic models is an essential quantity to predict whether an epidemic will spread or not. Thresholds for disease extinction contribute crucial knowledge of disease control, elimination, and mitigation of infectious diseases. Relationships between basic reproduction numbers of two deterministic network-based ordinary differential equation vector-host models, and extinction thresholds of corresponding stochastic continuous-time Markov chain models are derived under some assumptions. Numerical simulation results for malaria and Rift Valley fever transmissio…

Прививка материнского скота млекопитающими вакцинами от вирусных заболеваний Ньюкасла обеспечивает оптимальную эффективность и безопасность.

Вирус ньюкасла (NDV) — птичий вирус, который оценивается как вектор вакцины для доставки иностранных генов у млекопитающих. Использование NDV в качестве вектора вакцин для этих видов дает два основных преимущества. Во-первых, NDV сильно смягчается у млекопитающих, что делает его применение по своей сути безопасным. Во-вторых, млекопитающие не обладают ранее существовавшим иммунитетом от NDV, что сводит к минимуму риск отказа в вакцинации. Как правило, вакцины против NDV-вектор применяются к млекопитающим через дыхательные пути. Недавно мы показали, что внутримышечная вакцинация с помощью вакци

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian virus that is being evaluated as a vaccine vector for the delivery of foreign genes in mammals. Th … mammals via the respiratory route. We recently showed that intramuscular vaccination with NDV-based Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccines provides complete protection in mice and induces neutralizing antibodies in sheep and cattle, the main target species of RVFV. Here, we discuss the use of NDV as a vaccine vector for applications in mammalian livestock with an …

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of selected zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fevers in Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of selected zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) and their associated risk factors in Tanzania. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from consenting outpatients and community members in eight districts selected from five ecological zones of Tanzania. Serum was harvested and tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Marburg virus disease (MVD), Rift Valley fever (RVF), and yellow fever (YF). RESULTS: The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies ag…

World Health Organization High Priority Pathogens: Ophthalmic Disease Findings and Vision Health Perspectives.

Recent Ebola epidemics, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and emerging infectious disease threats have highlighted the importance of global inf … and Marburg hemorrhagic fever), human Coronaviruses, Lassa Fever, Nipah virus infection, Zika, and Rift Valley fever.

Serological evidence of dengue fever among refugees, Hargeysa, Somalia.

Epidemics of a malaria-like illness affected several thousand residents of the Dam Camp, a refugee camp near Hargeysa in Somalia, during 1985, 1986, and 1987. The disease was characterized by fever, chills, sweats, headache, back and joint pains for as long as 10 days in some patients. Blood smears from acutely ill patients were negative for malaria. Of 28 acute and 10 convalescent sera tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, all were negative for antibody to Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Sindbis, Chikungunya, y…

Research progress of mosquito-borne virus mRNA vaccines.

In recent years, mRNA vaccines have emerged as a leading technology for preventing infectious diseases due to their rapid development and high immunogenicity. These vaccines encode viral antigens, which are translated into antigenic proteins within host cells, inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. This review systematically examines the progress in mRNA vaccine research for major mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Enhance…

Macroarray assay for differential diagnosis of meningoencephalitis in southern Africa.

BACKGROUND: Many cases of acute febrile illness with nervous manifestations go undiagnosed, partly because the potential pathogens are not i … and meningoencephalitis, including less common infections such as Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, West Nile and rabies were all identified. Testing of a blinded panel of 16 specimens in triplicate demonstrated high repeatability. Screening of 138 specimens from patients with febrile and/or neurological signs that could not be solved in routine …

Toscana virus induces interferon although its NSs protein reveals antagonistic activity.

Toscana virus (TOSV) is a phlebotomus-transmitted virus that belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and causes widespread infections in humans; about 30 % of these cases result in aseptic meningitis. In the present study, it was shown that TOSV is an inducer of beta interferon (IFN-β), although its non-structural protein (NSs) could inhibit the induction of IFN-β if expressed in a heterologous context. A recombinant Rift Valley fever virus expressing the TOSV NSs could suppress IFN-β expression in infected cells. Moreover, in cells expressing NSs protein from a cDNA plasmid, IFN-β transcripts were…

Current insights into human pathogenic phenuiviruses and the host immune system.

Phenuiviruses are a class of segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, typically consisting of three RNA segments that encode four distinct proteins. The emergence of pathogenic phenuivirus strains, such as Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) in sub-Saharan Africa, Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in East and Southeast Asia, and Heartland Virus (HRTV) in the United States has presented considerable challenges to global public health in recent years. The innate immune system plays a crucial role as the initial defense mechanism of the host against invading …

Immunopathogenic insights into members of the class Bunyaviricetes: a comparative review of emerging zoonotic threats.

The class Bunyaviricetes encompasses a diverse group of vector- and rodent-borne viruses, many of which are major human pathogens causing severe and often lethal diseases worldwide. These include Lassa fever virus (Arenaviridae), hantaviruses such as Hantaan and Andes viruses (Hantaviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (Nairoviridae), La Crosse and Oropouche viruses (Peribunyaviridae), and Rift Valley fever, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, and Toscana viruses (Phenuiviridae). Clinical syndromes range from hemorrhagic fever with multiorgan failure, vascular leak, and shoc…

A reassortant bunyavirus isolated from acute hemorrhagic fever cases in Kenya and Somalia.

In late 1997 and early 1998, a large outbreak of hemorrhagic fever occurred in East Africa. Clinical samples were collected in Kenya and southern Somalia, and 27 of 115 (23%) hemorrhagic fever patients tested showed evidence of acute infection with Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus as determined by IgM detection, virus isolation, detection of virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or immunohistochemistry. However, two patients (one from Kenya and the other from Somalia) whose illness met the hemorrhagic fever case definition yielded virus isolates that were not RVF.…