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Scientific evidence in the management of traumatic brain injury in pediatrics: ibero-American academy of pediatric neurology.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common problem in Latin America and affects many children. Research has advanced, but international publications do not necessarily reflect our reality. For this reason, the Ibero-American Academy of Pediatric Neurology (AINP) formed a committee to review the available evidence, evaluate it, and decide how it could be applied in our region. Articles were searched in different databases and those corresponding to original works were selected, preferably those that received the best qualifications according to the 2011 version of Oxford Levels of Evidence. The m…

Cognitive Neurology Continuing Medical Education: History Taking and Bedside Mental Status Examination in a Patient with Dementia.

In a patient presenting with forgetfulness, history taking comprises asking questions pertaining to specific cognitive domains namely memory, language, executive function, visuospatial functions, and social cognition to characterize the clinical phenotype. The next step is to administer a standardized screening test for cognitive assessment, namely the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)/mini mental status examination (MMSE). These have been validated in five Indian languages. Detailed lobar function tests to assess functions of frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes namely planning

Facial phantom model: a low-cost and safe tool for teaching botulinum toxin application in neurology residencies.

BACKGROUND: The application of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm (HS) is a well-established practice. However, neurology residency programs often rely on real patients for training, which has limitations in terms of patient availability and skill acquisition. OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy of a new facial phantom model for acquiring motor skills in BoNT application. METHODS: An anthropomorphic facial phantom model was developed in collaboration with a medical training simulator start-up. A group of seven neurologists and one ophthalmologist with ex…

Child Neurology: Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy Syndrome in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome is a rare pediatric epilepsy syndrome characterized by prolonged focal febrile convulsive status epilepticus with unilateral hemispheric cerebral edema, followed by the subsequent development of hemiplegia, global atrophy of the affected hemisphere, and epilepsy. The pathophysiology of HHE syndrome remains poorly understood though is clearly multifactorial. Factors thus far implicated are hyperthermia, proinflammatory state, and cytotoxic edema from prolonged ictal activity. Prognosis is variable, from the resolution of hemiplegia and seizures

Interest in and exposure to headache disorders among neurology residents in Denmark: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVE: Headache disorders constitute a leading cause of disability worldwide, but there is a consistent absence of awareness and educational activities for healthcare providers across regions. Thus, we found it timely to identify potential structural challenges and factors that may affect acquisition of knowledge of headache disorders and their management during their 4-year residency. MATERIALS & METHODS: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey of residents in neurology in Denmark including, but not limited to, questions on interest in neurological subspecialties and disorders, …

A rise in social media utilization by U.S. neurology residency programs in the era of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how neurology departments and residency programs in the United States used virtual communication to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic, we investigated the presence and use of social media pages, virtual outreach events, and virtual internship opportunities. METHODS: Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook accounts were identified (or noted as nonexistent) for 159 accredited neurology departments and residency programs. Google searches and social media site specific searches were performed. For existing pages, the date of creation was determined and all posts on and after March 1…

Preventive neurology concepts for training the next-generation and closing gaps in real-world Multiple Sclerosis Care.

The field of Multiple sclerosis (MS) has entered an area of growth in the understanding of the MS immune dysregulation that has led to an impressive therapeutics expansion. However, results of surveys and proceedings of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) support the notion that US neurology residents have fragmented exposure to MS training during residency, resulting in learning gaps in diagnosis, management and follow up of patients with MS. There are annual educational offerings by MS academic societies but limited and tailored to trainees interested in MS/neuroimmunology subespecializa…

A 3D ontogenetic atlas of Alligator mississippiensis cranial nerves and their significance for comparative neurology of reptiles.

Cranial nerves are key features of the nervous system and vertebrate body plan. However, little is known about the anatomical relationships and ontogeny of cranial nerves in crocodylians and other reptiles, hampering understanding of adaptations, evolution, and development of special senses, somatosensation, and motor control of cranial organs. Here we share three dimensional (3D) models an of the cranial nerves and cranial nerve targets of embryonic, juvenile, and adult American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) derived from iodine-contrast CT imaging, for the first time, exploring anat

Acute Neuromuscular Respiratory Weakness Due to Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP): A Simulation Scenario for Neurology Providers.

INTRODUCTION: Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure is a source of morbidity and mortality in neurological diseases, including acute infla … environment preparation, actors/roles, and debriefing session are outlined. RESULTS: A total of 14 neurology residents participated in this simulation. A postsimulation survey revealed that participants thought the simulation achieved its stated objectives, was useful, and would impact their future practice. DISCUSSION: We designed this simulation to asse …

Adolphe Gubler (1821-1879) or Parisian neurology outside La Salpêtrière in the age of Jean-Martin Charcot.

Adolphe Gubler (1821-1879) is a typical example of a 19th century hospital physician in Paris. Head of a medical unit at Beaujon hospital in … hemiplegia. Following a brief biography, we will present Gubler's main publications in the area of neurology: on migraine, neurological damage during acute rheumatic fever, aphasia, and the autonomic nervous system. Much of this work was carried out through student theses that Gubler directed. The fame of his contemporary Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) ec …

Child Neurology: An infant with episodic facial flushing: A rare case and review of congenital harlequin syndrome.

Congenital harlequin syndrome is rare dysautonomia of the face most often reported in adults and rarely in infants and children. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and a seemingly benign condition. We report a case of a 6-month-old girl with episodic unilateral and bilateral facial flushing provoked upon awakening and resolved with sleeping with associated autonomic features consistent with harlequin syndrome. This is followed by a review of cases identified regarding this condition in infants and children.

The Child Neurology Trainee-as-Teacher: A Clinical Teaching Curriculum Tailored to Learners' Needs and Developmental Roles.

BACKGROUND: Clinical teaching skills programs for resident physicians are increasingly offered. Less attention has been devoted to the unique educational roles of specialty residents and subspecialty fellows, many of whom will become academic faculty physicians. These teaching roles, and therefore a trainee's learning needs and motivation, also change over the course of training. METHODS: We designed and implemented a two-year longitudinal teaching curriculum for child neurology and neurodevelopmental disabilities residents using adult learning theory principles: experiential learning and imm…

Nursing review section of surgical neurology international: Evaluation of cervical disc disease and when surgery is warranted.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cervical disc disease may present with radiculopathy (root compression), myelopathy (cord compression), or myeloradiculopathy. These complaints must be correlated with x-ray, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and computed tomographic (CT) scans. Although most patients can be managed nonsurgically, those with significant neurological deficits and larger disc herniations may require surgery. METHODS: The symptoms of cervical radiculopathy include pain radiating down one or both arms, while myelopathy may result in more diffuse numbness tingling or weakness in the upper

Isolated anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies in neurology: a frontier syndrome between multiple sclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI) antibodies are part of the heterogeneous family of antiphospholipid antibodies and seem to be present in various neurological manifestations in addition to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Our objective was to analyse the clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of neurological patients with positive anti-β2-GPI antibodies and without the Sapporo criteria for APS. METHODS: The medical records were retrospectively reviewed of 28 consecutive patients hospitalized in the Neurology Department of Strasbourg University Hospi…

Нацеливание ионных каналов в неврологии и психиатрии: является ли фармакологическая беспорядочность препятствием или возможностью?

ЦЕЛЬ: Традиционный акцент на разработке высокоспециализированных фармацевтических препаратов ("магические пули") для лечения неврологических и психических расстройств ставится под сомнение формирующимися концепциями патофизиологии, в которых болезни рассматриваются как ненормальные взаимодействия в рамках сложных сетей молекулярных и клеточных компонентов. В так называемой сетевой фармакологии основное внимание уделяется изменению поведения целых систем, а не отдельных компонентов, что является терапевтической стратегией, в которой в идеале использовались бы единичные фармакологические агенты,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The traditional emphasis on developing high specificity pharmaceuticals ("magic bullets") for the treatment of Neurological and … patterns of existing therapeutic agents may provide critical templates for future drug discovery in Neurology and Psychiatry. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS: To demonstrate the extent of pharmacological promiscuity and develop a framework for guiding drug screening, we reviewed the ability of 170 therapeutic agents and endogenous molecules to directly modulate neu …

[Final declaration of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology concerning the participation of psychiatrists in executions].

To begin with, this author has reviewed papers addressing the issue around the participation of psychiatrists in legal executions. The questions of reasoning for the exclusion of the mentally incompetent from execution, what exactly constitutes "competency to be executed," and whether to assess a criminal's competency for execution or to offer treatment to death row inmates who have been found incompetent are under debate. Then, making known the temporary declaration of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, the author has told that it should insist in the final declaration as follo…

Assessment of plasmapheresis. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Based on the review of the literature, therapeutic PP has a definite role in the treatment of patients with GBS, CIDP, polyneuropathies associated with MGUS, MG, and LEMS (table). PP may have a role in treating patients with Refsum's disease, acquired neuromyotonia, stiff-man syndrome, cryoglobulinemic polyneuropathy, CNS-SLE, ADEM, and MS, but these decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis. PP has no role in treating patients with ALS or paraneoplastic syndromes with circulating autoantibodies.

[The results of using therapeutic periorbital electrostimulations in neurology patients with partial atrophy of the optic nerves].

Results of clinical application of method of non-contact periorbital electrostimulation in 6 groups of neurologic patients (total number-246) with optic nerve pathology of different origin (post-traumatic, hypertensive, inflammatory) are summarized. Analysis of interdependence between positive results and severity of visual disorders, type of the disease, responsible for partial atrophy of optic nerve, was performed. This method of restoration of vision in investigated patients proved to be effective both in hospitals and outpatient departments.