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Dynamics of Experience in a Learning Protocol: A Case Study in Climbing.

Many of the studies on motor learning have investigated the dynamics of learning behaviors and shown that the learning process is non-linear, self-organized, and situated. Aligned with this research trend, studies within the enactive paradigm focus on learners' lived experience to understand how it shapes their intentions, actions, and perceptions. Thus, a joint analysis of experiential and behavioral assessments might help to explain the dynamics of learning (e.g., the transition between stable states). The aim of this case study was to analyze the dynamics of a beginner climber's lived exper

Is there an association between functional vision and learning to read?

Background: Controversy exists about the role of visual parameters and vision in learning to read. This study aims to determine whether ocular parameters or performance on a dynamic test of visual function differs for children of differing reading ability. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-four children (mean age 9.9 +/- 1.8 years) received a vision screening emphasising binocular anomalies associated with discomfort at near (distance and near visual acuity, distance vision challenged with binocular +1 D lenses, near heterophoria, near point of convergence, stereopsis and accommodative facility)

Lessons learned through childhood cancer: An AI- enhanced PhotoArt-based qualitative study of parental growth and meaning-making.

PURPOSE: This qualitative phenomenological study explores how parents of children diagnosed with cancer construct meaning from their caregiving experiences, the lessons they derive, and how these experiences contribute to their growth. Using a descriptive phenomenological design, the study employed AI-generated PhotoArt to elicit and enrich parents' narratives, facilitating metaphorical expression and deepening narrative insight. By shifting the focus from distress to meaning, the study highlights caregiving as a site of personal growth, value reorientation, and life learning." METHOD: Sixtee

The effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive impairment in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cognition is commonly compromised in depression, and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been well-established in the treatment of depression, but its efficacy for treating cognitive deficit has not been fully elucidated. Based on the available evidence on NIBS, we conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the efficacy of NIBS in improving cognitive deficits in depressed patients. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases up to February 20, 2025. we separately assessed the effects on: g

История захвата и когнитивная дисфункция у людей с множественным склерозом.

ИСЧЕЗНОВЕНИЕ ВОПРОСА: Изъятия связаны с снижением сознания населения в целом и более неблагоприятными последствиями для людей с множественным склерозом. Тем не менее остается неясным, связаны ли изъятия с когнитивными дисфункциями в ПТМС. ЦЕЛИ: Оценить связь между историей изъятия и более низким коэффициентом распознавания в ПТМС. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе последовательной выборки из 803 ПМС были получены сведения о любых предыдущих изъятиях. Ковариаты включали в себя возраст, пол, тест Вехслера на читание для взрослых, учебные годы, баллы в рамках расширенной шкалы инвалидности (EDSS), продолжительность

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Seizures are associated with reduced cognition in the general population and worse outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (p … rse than those without (n = 760) on Judgement of Line Orientation (β = -0.09, p < 0.01), California Verbal Learning Test-II learning (β = -0.08, p < 0.01) and memory (β = -0.10, p < 0.01), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised learning (β = -0.08, p = 0.01) and memory (β = -0.07, p = 0.05), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β = -0.06, p = 0.04), Paced Auditory Seria …

Culture, prefrontal volume, and memory.

Prior cross-cultural studies have demonstrated differences among Eastern and Western cultures in memory and cognition along with variation in neuroanatomy and functional engagement. We further probed cultural neuroanatomical variability in terms of its relationship with memory performance. Specifically, we investigated how memory performance related to gray matter volume in several prefrontal lobe structures, including across cultures. For 58 American and 57 Taiwanese young adults, memory performance was measured with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) using performance on learning tri…

The role of executive functions in long-term memory: case report.

The role of executive functions in long-term memory has been studied. We describe a single-case study, consisting of a 45-year-old male patient, hospitalized for right frontal stroke. After the stroke, the patient had memory alterations in everyday activities. However, performance in short-term memory tests was not significantly altered. Long-term memory assessments included pre- and post-stroke episodic, semantic, and procedural memories. Specific skills involved in the acquisition of new learning (auditory-verbal and visual reproduction) were also evaluated, as well as executive functions. T

Associations Between Estimates of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Functioning in Adults With HIV.

BACKGROUND: Vascular aging, a precursor of arterial stiffness, is associated with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and cardiovascular disease. Although HIV is associated with rapid vascular aging, it is unknown whether arterial stiffness mediates changes in cognitive function. We explored whether estimated markers of vascular aging were associated with NCI indices in HIV-positive individuals. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of an observational study. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed using a battery of 7 domains (verbal fluency, executive functioning, speed of information pr

Imprecise action selection in substance use disorder: Evidence for active learning impairments when solving the explore-exploit dilemma.

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a major public health risk. However, mechanisms accounting for continued patterns of poor choices in the face of negative life consequences remain poorly understood. METHODS: We use a computational (active inference) modeling approach, combined with multiple regression and hierarchical Bayesian group analyses, to examine how treatment-seeking individuals with one or more SUDs (alcohol, cannabis, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, and/or opioids; N = 147) and healthy controls (HCs; N = 54) make choices to resolve uncertainty within a gambling t

The Feasibility of Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization Teaching in an Outpatient Setting.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of teaching clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) in an outpatient setting to women planning surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and/or urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 55 women who planned surgical correction of POP and/or UI. All women were taught CISC as part of their preoperative education. The ability to learn CISC and the amount of time needed to teach CISC were recorded. Multivariate modeling, χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance

Temporal contiguity and ageing: The role of memory organization in cognitive decline.

The temporal contiguity effect is the tendency to form associations between items presented in nearby study positions. In the present study, we explored whether temporal contiguity predicted conversion to cognitively unimpaired-declining (CUD) status from a baseline of unimpaired older adults. Data from 419 participants were drawn from the Wisconsin Registry of Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) data set and analysed with binary logistic regressions. Temporal contiguity was calculated using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Other predictors included age, years of education, sex, APOE-ε4 status…

Cognitive development from two to ten years after pediatric epilepsy surgery.

The development of cognitive functions and the sustainability of seizure control between two and ten years after epilepsy surgery were prospectively investigated in 17 children and adolescents. Intelligence quotient remained stable. Learning capacity improved. Verbal memory improved in half of the subjects and declined in half, whereas figurative memory declined in most patients. Working memory improved as did attention regarding sustained attention and impulse control. In contrast, reaction times were longer, and the auditory attention span was shorter. Executive functions were not affected.

The effects of maltreatment and neuroendocrine regulation on memory performance.

This investigation examined basic memory processes, cortisol, and dissociation in maltreated children. School-aged children (age range=6-13), 143 maltreated and 174 non-maltreated, were administered the California Verbal Learning Test-Children (D. C. Delis, J. H. Kramer, E. Kaplan, & B. A. Ober, 1994) in a week-long camp setting, daily morning cortisol levels were assessed throughout the duration of camp, and behavioral symptoms were evaluated. Maltreatment and cortisol regulation were not related to short- or long-delay recall or recognition memory. However, children experiencing neglect and/…

Relation of visual field defects to neuropsychological outcome after closed head injury.

Neuropsychological outcome within two years after injury was determined in 159 head injured patients who were classified into three groups according to the presence of either unilateral, bilateral, or no visual field defects (VFDs). The VFDs occurred irrespective of injury severity as determined by the Glasgow coma scale, or social outcome as determined by the Glasgow outcome scale. Differences among the three visual field groups were obtained for several neuropsychological functions: intelligence, memory, learning, acquired verbal skills, visuospatial skills, and visuomotor speed. Patients wi

Apraxia of the left limbs in a case of callosal disconnection: the contribution of medial frontal lobe damage.

A 40 year old right-handed woman suffered hemorrhage from an anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. CT scan showed destruction of the anterior two thirds of the corpus callosum, both cingulate gyri, and the white matter underlying the medial frontal lobes. The left limbs displayed apraxia on verbal command, in imitation, and in actual object use. There were antagonistic actions of both hands, and the patient accused her left hand of disobeying her. We interpret the leftsided apraxia as resulting from a lack of interhemispheric transfer combined with a deficit in ipsilateral motor control stemming

The Effect of Periodic Assessments and Verbal Feedback on Physical Function and Adherence in Healthy Adults Aged ≥65: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Objectives: Low participation rates in exercise programs among older adults highlight the need for theory-driven, biopsychosocial interventions that enhance adherence, self-efficacy, and functional outcomes. Grounded in principles of motor learning and behavioral reinforcement within physiotherapy practice, this study aimed to examine the effect of periodic assessments combined with verbal feedback on functional and psychological outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A pilot RCT was conducted involving 54 individuals aged ≥65 years (53 women and 1 man), recruited

Neurocognitive Deficits in Recently Diagnosed Young Remitted Bipolar I Disorder and At-Risk Subjects: Potential Endophenotypes?

BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive deficits have been reported consistently in euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) across studies. Endophenotype potential of such deficits have been reported in a few studies. However, data from the Indian subcontinent is sparse, and no studies had a sample (patients and high-risk group) aged 20-25 years, which is the actual risk period for developing BD. We studied cognitive deficits, as a potential endophenotype for BD, in recently diagnosed BD (FEM-first episode mania) in remission, young unaffected first-degree relatives (HR) of patients with BD, and healthy controls (H

Scurvy presenting primarily as gingival manifestation in a young child: a diagnostic dilemma.

Vitamin C deficiency, historically known as scurvy, was associated with sailors in the Victorian times, however, a global review in 2020 suggests it still exists in certain at-risk groups.A case is presented of a young non-verbal child with learning difficulties and on a restricted diet, in which the primary symptom was gingival inflammation. It posed a diagnostic dilemma due to the non-specific symptoms, and a delay in the diagnosis, until vitamin C deficiency was confirmed.Gingival inflammation is one of the common findings in vitamin C deficiency and dental professionals may be the first po

Genome scan for spelling deficits: effects of verbal IQ on models of transmission and trait gene localization.

Dyslexia is a complex learning disability with evidence for a genetic basis. Strategies that may be useful for dissecting its genetic basis include the study of component phenotypes, which may simplify the underlying genetic complexity, and use of an analytic approach that accounts for the multilocus nature of the trait to guide the investigation and increase power to detect individual loci. Here we present results of a genetic analysis of spelling disability as a component phenotype. Spelling disability is informative in analysis of extended pedigrees because it persists into adulthood. We sh

Capitol hill staff workers' experiences of bioterrorism: qualitative findings from focus groups.

Little systematic information is available on mental health issues related to bioterrorism. Five focus groups were conducted with Capitol Hill office staff (n = 28 total participants) to learn about their experience of the anthrax incident on October 15, 2001. More than 2,000 verbal passages were coded into categories and themes by using qualitative analysis software. Issues emerging from the discussions included difficulties utilizing customary social supports, concerns over potential long-term dangers created by efforts to eradicate the anthrax, and nonadherence to antianthrax medication reg