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Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection.

BACKGROUND: The transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is closely related to the sexual transmission of human immunodeficien … ntrol on HIV incidence was 1.00 (95% CI 0.63 - 1.58). In the third STI management trial, in eastern Zimbabwe, there was no effect of the intervention on HIV incidence (aRR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.92 - 1.8). These are consistent with data from the mass treatment trial showing no intervention effect. Overall, pooling the data of the four studies showed no significan …

Mercury in breast milk - a health hazard for infants in gold mining areas?

Breast-feeding can be a source of mercury exposure for infants. The main concern up to now is methyl-mercury exposure of women at child-bear … from the ore. Environmental and health assessments of gold mining areas in Indonesia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe showed a high exposure with inorganic mercury in these gold mining areas, and a negative health impact of the exposure to the miners and the communities. This paper reports about the analysis and the results of 46 breast milk samples collected from …

Effect of a new antenatal care programme on the attitudes of pregnant women and midwives towards antenatal care in Harare.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the effect of a new antenatal care (ANC) programme on the attitudes of pregnant women and midwives towards antenatal care. DESIGN: This was a controlled trial in which the attitudes of women and staff using the standard programme of ANC were compared to those using a new one. The new programme contained fewer but objective oriented visits, and was designed to improve consumer and provider satisfaction with ANC. SETTING: Antenatal sessions at primary care clinics in Harare. SUBJECTS: 200 pregnant women and 65 midwives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The satisfaction

Condom use and the risk of HIV infection: who is being protected?

Descriptive baseline data at enrollment into a cohort of male factory workers who were tested for HIV serology and monitored for sero-conversion over time, were analysed for condom use. At recruitment, the 1,146 men were asked about their sexual behaviour, history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), condom use and circumstances under which condoms were used. HIV seroprevalence in the cohort was 18.2 pc. Self reported use of condoms was low, with only 5 pc of the men reporting using them all the time. Forty four pc reported that they had never used a condom, 11.5 pc tried a condom only onc

Mild typhoid fever.

A series of 100 Zimbabwean children aged between 5 months and 13 years with culture positive typhoid fever is presented. The disease was found to be fairly mild with a low prevalence of complications, and no patient in the series died. Possible explanations for the relative mildness of typhoid in this paediatric population are discussed.

Patient- and caregiver-reported barriers to radiotherapy for cancer in sub-Saharan Africa-A survey of population-based registries.

Although radiotherapy is an essential part of comprehensive cancer care, access is heavily limited in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Patients' barriers to care can be grouped as availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability. We aimed to assess cancer patient- and caregiver-reported barriers in nine SSAn countries (Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe). We conducted a telephone-based survey among 553 randomly selected patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer, Kaposi sarcoma a…

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens of domestic ruminants in southern Africa: A systematic review of diversity, distribution, and epidemiology.

The resurgence of tick-borne diseases remains a global concern, hindering livestock production across southern Africa and resulting in signi … s met the inclusion criteria. Across the region, 28 tick species from six genera were reported, and Zimbabwe recorded the highest tick species richness, with the genus Rhipicephalus showing the highest species diversity. Otobius megnini was reported only in Lesotho, while several tick species were restricted and exclusive to South African cattle. Molecular …

A population-based survey pooled analysis of women engaged in commercial sex in the HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa, 2015-2017.

INTRODUCTION: Women who engage in commercial sex (WCS) have a higher prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa than other women of reproductive age. We aimed to describe the burden of HIV, testing, treatment, and viral load suppression (VLS) coverage among WCS and the correlates of not being engaged in each step of the HIV cascade across six countries between 2015 and 2017. METHODS: Using pooled data from six Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys from Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related indicators were asses…

HIV-1 variants in population-based national surveys in sub-Saharan Africa, 2015-2022.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of HIV-1 variants in population-based national surveys conducted in sub-Saharan African countries be … ance of subtype C (>90%) in Ethiopia, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Recombinant viruses were mostly found in countries in West-Africa. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of HIV-1 variants by country and region in sub-Saharan Africa showed important variation. HIV-1 diversity may need to be accounted for during the deve …

Ecological zonation and phylogeographic structure of Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in eastern and southern Africa.

Glossina pallidipes, a major vector of African trypanosomiasis, plays a notable role in disease transmission across eastern and southern Africa due to its broad host range, ecological adaptability, and vectorial capacity. This study combined machine learning using 69 environmental, climatic, edaphic, and developmental variables and genetic analysis to delineate the environmental and phylogenetic structuring of G. pallidipes populations. Kernel density estimation revealed three primary hotspots in the Ethiopian and East African Highlands and the Northern Zimbabwe Lowveld, with a secondary focus…

Gut microbiota of sub-Saharan Africa infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy: Scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral (ARV) exposure influences the early-life gut microbiota in regions with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) b … ive to HIV-exposed uninfected infants. There was agreement from some countries, that is Nigeria and Zimbabwe, that their gut microbiota genomes comprise Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis and Enterococcus. CONCLUSION: Both antiretroviral therapy and HIV influence the gut microbiota in infants born to MWH. Pathogenic overgrowth within the infant gu …

Рак, который исцелился: случай спондилита, имитирующего метастатическую болезнь при высоком диагнозе.

Туберкулез скелета остается большим клиническим имитатором, который часто напоминает метастатическую гадость на изображениях. Оперативная и точная диагностика имеет решающее значение для предотвращения необратимых неврологических повреждений и иатрогенных повреждений. Мы описываем диагностически сложный случай, связанный с 39-year-old ранее здоровая женщина из Зимбабве, которая испытывала субакулезную боль в спине и двусторонние сенсорные изменения нижней части конечности. МРТ продемонстрировала разрушительные повреждения позвоночника в результате сжатия спинного мозга и широко распространенно

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Skeletal tuberculosis remains a great clinical mimicker, often resembling metastatic malignancy on imaging. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent irreversible neurological damage and iatrogenic harm. We describe a diagnostically challenging case involving a 39-year-old previously healthy woman from Zimbabwe who presented with subacute thoracic…

Predicting harmful alcohol use prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2015 and 2019: Evidence from population-based HIV impact assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Harmful alcohol use is associated with significant risks to public health outcomes worldwide. Although data on harmful alcohol use have been collected by population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA), there is a dearth of analysis on the effect of HIV/ART status on harmful alcohol use in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries with PHIA surveys. METHODS: A secondary analysis of the PHIA surveys: Namibia (n = 27,382), Tanzania (n = 1807), Zambia (n = 2268), Zimbabwe (n = 3418), Malawi (n = 2098), Namibia (n = 27,382), and Eswatini (n = 2762). Using R version 4.2, we analysed the u…

Genetic differentiation of a southern Africa tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A Gray) germplasm collection using high-density DArTseq SNP markers.

Genetic resources of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) germplasm collections are not well characterized due to a lack of dedicated … -Tep-86, Tars-Tep-83, and Tars-Tep 85; Cluster 3: G40022, Tars-Tep-93, and Tars-Tep-100; Cluster 5: Zimbabwe landrace, G40017, G40143, and G40150. The distantly related and contrasting accessions are useful to initiate crosses to enhance genetic variation and for the selection of economic traits in tepary bean.

Adolescent Exposure to Online Advertisements and Promotions for Tobacco Products on the Internet-A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys.

PURPOSE: Although many countries have banned tobacco advertising on traditional media platforms, the tobacco industry actively promotes thei … of the Americas (Argentina, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru), African (Mauritius, Zimbabwe), European (Czech Republic, Turkey), and the Western Pacific (Micronesia, Macao, Papua New Guinea, Samoa). We calculated the prevalence of online exposure to tobacco advertising by past-month cigarette use. RESULTS: Prevalence of adolescent exposur …

The Psychosocial Profile of Women Who Defaulted Option B+ HIV Treatment: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Study.

PURPOSE: The study explored the psychosocial profile of women who defaulted Option B+ HIV treatment at Chitungwiza Municipality clinics in Zimbabwe. Option B+ is a strategy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV to reduce MTCT rate to less than or equal to 5%. METHODS: An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) design was used. Data were collected from 04 September to 12 October 2020 on twelve purposively selected HIV-positive breastfeeding women aged 18 to 40 years, who defaulted Option B+ HIV treatment. Unstructured individual face-to-face interviews were utilised. Data…

Diagnosing early-onset neonatal sepsis in low-resource settings: development of a multivariable prediction model.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical prediction model to diagnose neonatal sepsis in low-resource settings. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data collected by the Neotree digital health system from 1 February 2019 to 31 March 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression with candidate predictors identified from expert opinion and literature review. Missing data were imputed using multivariate imputation and model performance was evaluated in the derivation cohort. SETTING: A tertiary neonatal unit at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Zimbabwe. PATIENTS: We included 2628 neonates aged <72 hours, ge…

Evaluation of Global Cleft Care Initiatives Among the Top Searched Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

OBJECTIVE: International outreach for cleft lip and/or palate care has traditionally been characterized by foreign groups and individuals ho … al, Kenya, Pakistan, India, and Nigeria. The country with minimal to no local NGO presence included Zimbabwe. Local NGOs often supported education and research, training of providers and staff, spreading community awareness, offering interdisciplinary care, and opening cleft clinics and hospitals. Unique initiatives included starting the first school for c …

Varied trends of tuberculosis and HIV dual epidemics among different countries during 2000-2020: lessons from an ecological time-trend study of 9 countries.

BACKGROUND: While Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a well-established risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), the effect of HIV in … alence, and the country-level associations, varied across the study countries. Angola, Thailand and Zimbabwe showed parallel TB incidence and HIV prevalence trends while the two trends diverged in Brazil, Liberia and Indonesia during the study period. Additionally, the strength of association between HIV prevalence and TB incidence varied widely between co …

Feasibility and Accuracy of HIV Testing of Children by Caregivers Using Oral Mucosal Transudate HIV Tests.

BACKGROUND: Children encounter multiple barriers in accessing facilities. HIV self-testing using oral mucosal transudate (OMT) tests has been shown to be effective in reaching hard-to-reach populations. We evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of caregivers conducting HIV testing using OMTs in children in Zimbabwe. METHODS: We offered OMTs to caregivers (>18 years) living with HIV to test children (2-18 years) living in their households. All caregivers were provided with manufacturer instructions. In Phase 1 (January-December 2018, 9 clinics), caregivers additionally received a demonstration…