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Transcriptomic identification of TMIGD1 and its relationship with the ileal epithelial cell differentiation in Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex and multifactorial illness. There are still considerable gaps in our knowledge regarding its pathophysiology. A transcriptomic approach could shed some light on little-known biological alterations of the disease. We therefore aimed to explore the ileal transcriptome to gain knowledge about CD. We performed whole transcriptome gene expression analysis on ileocecal resections from CD patients and inflammatory bowel disease-free controls, as well as on a CD-independent cohort to replicate selected results. Normalized data were hierarchically clustered, and gene o

Genomics and Experimental Analysis Reveal a Novel Factor Contributing to the Virulence of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Associated With Neonate Infection.

BACKGROUND: Cronobacter sakazakii causes meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. However, its virulence determinants, especially those specific for strains associated with neonate infections, remain largely unknown. METHODS: In this study, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 209 C. sakazakii genomes, and 8 clonal groups (CGs) were revealed. RESULTS: CG1 and CG2 were found to be significantly associated with neonate infections, and significantly prevalent genes in these 2 CGs were identified. Of these, a gene encoding the LysR-type regulator, CklR, was shown

Delphinidin Reduces Glucose Uptake in Mice Jejunal Tissue and Human Intestinal Cells Lines through FFA1/GPR40.

Anthocyanins are pigments with antihyperglycemic properties, and they are potential candidates for developing functional foods for the therapy or prevention of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). The mechanism of these beneficial effects of anthocyanins are, however, hard to explain, given their very low bioavailability due to poor intestinal absorption. We propose that free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, also named GPR40), is involved in an inhibitory effect of the anthocyanidin delphinidin over intestinal glucose absorption. We show the direct effects of delphinidin on the intestine using jejunum

Myosin II and the Gal-GalNAc lectin play a crucial role in tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica.

Entamoeba histolytica is the human parasite responsible of amoebiasis, during which highly motile trophozoites invade the intestinal epithelium leading to amoebic colitis, and disseminate via the blood circulation causing liver abscesses. The invasive process, central to the pathogenesis, is known to be driven by parasites motility. To investigate molecules responsible for in vivo motion, we performed a high resolution dynamic imaging analysis using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Image analysis of the parasites during invasion of Caco-2 cell monolayers, an enterocyte-like model, and ham

The toxic alpha-gliadin peptide 31-43 enters cells without a surface membrane receptor.

Alpha-gliadin peptide 31-43 is considered to be the main peptide responsible for the innate immune response in celiac disease patients. Recent evidence indicates that peptide 31-43 rapidly enters cells and interacts with the early endocytic vesicular compartment. However, the mechanism of its uptake is not completely understood. Our aim is to characterize, isolate and identify possible cell surface proteins involved in peptide 31-43 internalization by Caco-2 cells. In this study, we used a chemical cross-linker to block peptide 31-43 on cell surface proteins, and pulled-down peptide-proteins c…

Assessment of epithelial barrier integrity in cellular monolayer models using low cost, clinically approved fluorescent contrast agents.

Epithelial barriers serve as the interface between body tissue and the external environment, maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating the transport of various cells, molecules and microbes between these compartments. In particular, the epithelial barrier of the gut is a key component in numerous physiological processes that collectively define human health, such as nutrient absorption, microbiota regulation and neuroimmune communication. As such, gut epithelial barrier dysfunction, also known as 'leaky gut' syndrome has been associated with a variety of different conditions such as inflamm

Synergistic impact of 3D multicellular architecture and capillary-like flow on intestinal drug permeability.

Understanding intestinal drug permeability requires in vitro systems capable of reproducing both the structural complexity and the dynamic fluidic environment of the human gut. Traditional two‑dimensional (2D) models, although widely used in Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) screening, offer limited physiological relevance and often fail to predict in vivo absorption. Three‑dimensional (3D) models and microfluidic technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these limitations by incorporating multiple cell types, extracellular matrix components, and biomechan

Poultry handling-related stress alters membrane composition, extracellular vesicle production, survival, and virulence in Campylobacter jejuni Bf.

We investigated the adaptation of the aerotolerant Campylobacter jejuni Bf strain to conditions mimicking the poultry slaughter process. We … ejuni cells release extracellular vesicles with increased toxicity toward the epithelial barrier of Caco-2 cells, potentially facilitating invasion of the gut epithelium.IMPORTANCECampylobacter infections are one of the leading causes of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter readily enters the food chain and is transmitted to humans, primarily thr …

An integrated digestion-transport study of Citrinin, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone from rice: Influence of matrix and turmeric on human exposure.

Mycotoxins such as citrinin (CIT), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently co-occur in rice, raising concerns about dietary exposure. This study investigated the gastrointestinal fate of CIT, OTA, and ZEN in white rice (WR), brown rice (BR), and turmeric-seasoned rice (WR + T, BR + T) after single and combined (mixture) exposure using the standardized INFOGEST static in vitro digestion model. Subsequently, intestinal transport of these mycotoxins in WR and WR + T under single and mixture exposure conditions was evaluated using Caco-2/HT-29MTX co-culture transport assays. Bioaccess

Impact of Fire Emissions and Tobacco Consumption on the Salivary Content of Metal(loid)s and PAHs: Exposure Levels and Assessment of Oral and Intestinal In Vitro Toxicity.

Human exposome via ingestion, by assimilation of health-relevant pollutants in the oral cavity and/or intestinal tract, has been poorly explored, principally in heavily exposed professionals. This work assessed the salivary content of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 16 metal(loid)s in smoker/non-smoker firefighters enrolled in (forest/structural) firefighting activities and explores the associated in vitro toxicities on buccal (TR146; HSC-3) and intestinal (Caco-2; HT29 MTX) cell lines. Total PAH levels (1.95-3.61 µg/L) were predominantly increased after firefighting compared to

In Silico and In Vitro Analyses of Strawberry-Derived Extracts in Relation to Key Compounds' Metabolic and Anti-Tumor Effects.

Plant extracts contain many small molecules that are less investigated. The present paper aims to study in silico physical-chemical, pharmacokinetic, medicinal chemistry and lead/drug-likeness properties and the ability to interfere with the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter and cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidase system in humans of phloridzin, phloretin, 4-methylchalcone metabolic series alongside the top three compounds found in the ethanolic extract from strawberries (S), namely 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 2-pyrrolidinone 5-(cyclohexylmethyl) and hexadecanoic a

Enzyme-Activated Core-Shell Drug Co-Crystal Nanoparticles for Targeted Salmonella Clearance and Gut Microbiome Restoration.

Salmonella Typhimurium-a gut-colonizing pathogen that invades mucosa and triggers colitis-remains clinically challenging due to host barrier … tro, Kana@TA NPs exhibit above 70% intracellular Salmonella clearance rate in both the RAW264.7 and Caco-2 cells. Animal experiments revealed that PC@Kana@TA NPs achieved a 5-log reduction in luminal Salmonella, with inflammatory cytokine levels nearly returned to baseline. Notably, the relatively beneficial gut bacteria abundance is 30.53% higher than the Kan …

Design of charge converting lipid nanoparticles via a microfluidic coating technique.

It was the aim of this study to design charge converting lipid nanoparticles (LNP) via a microfluidic mixing technique used for the preparation and coating of LNP. LNP consisting of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol, N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (MPEG-2000-DSPE), and various cationic surfactants were prepared at diverging flow rate ratios (FRR) via microfluidic mixing. Utilizing a second chip in the microfluidic set-up, LNP were coated with polyoxyethylene (9) nonylphenol monophosphate ester (PNPP). LNP

Comparative genomic analysis of pathogenic factors of Listeria spp. using whole-genome sequencing.

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen known for causing listeriosis. To gain insights into the pathogenicity, genetic characterization, and evolution of various Listeria species, in vitro cell adhesion and invasion ability assays and whole-genome sequencing were performed using four Listeria strains isolated from livestock and poultry slaughterhouses. The four Listeria strains exhibited adhesion and invasion abilities in Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells. Pathogenic Liv1-1 and Lm2-20 had higher adhesion ability, but non-pathogenic Lin4-99 was more invasive than Lm2-20 (p < 0.05). G

Sel1-like proteins and peptides are the major Oxalobacter formigenes-derived factors stimulating oxalate transport by human intestinal epithelial cells.

Kidney stones (KSs) are very common, excruciating, and associated with tremendous healthcare cost, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and kidney failure (KF). Most KSs are composed of calcium oxalate and small increases in urinary oxalate concentration significantly enhance the stone risk. Oxalate also potentially contributes to CKD progression, kidney disease-associated cardiovascular diseases, and poor renal allograft survival. This emphasizes the urgent need for plasma and urinary oxalate lowering therapies, which can be achieved by enhancing enteric oxalate secretion. We previously identified O

Dinuclear doubly bridged phenoxido copper(II) complexes as efficient anticancer agents.

Two cationic [Cu2(L1-2)2](ClO4)2 (1, 2), and four neutral doubly bridged-phenoxido-copper(II) complexes [Cu2(L3-4)2] (3, 4) and [Cu2(L5-6)2(H2O)]‧2H2O (5, 6) as well as 1D polymeric catena-[Cu(L7)] (7), where HL1-2 and H2L3-7 represent tripodal tetradentate pyridyl or aliphatic-amino groups based 2,4-disubstituted phenolates, were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by various spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis. The molecular structures of the complexes exhibited diverse geometrical environments around the central Cu(II) atoms. The in vitro antiproliferative activity

Inflammasome signaling in human placental trophoblasts regulates immune defense against Listeria monocytogenes infection.

The human placenta is a dynamic organ that modulates physiological adaptations to pregnancy. To define the immunological signature of the human placenta, we performed unbiased profiling of secreted immune factors from human chorionic villi isolated from placentas at mid and late stages of pregnancy. We show that placental trophoblasts constitutively secrete the inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which is blocked by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and occurs without detectable gasdermin D cleavage. We further show that placenta-derived IL-1β primes monocytes for inflammasome induc

Signal Immune Reactions of Macrophages Differentiated from THP-1 Monocytes to Infection with Pandemic H1N1PDM09 Virus and H5N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza A Virus.

In culture of THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages with PMA (THP-PMA macrophages) infected with influenza viruses of subtypes H1, H5 … ted with H9N2 and H5N2 viruses, MTT test revealed high levels of toxic factors causing the death of Caco-2 cells. In contrast to avian viruses, pandemic virus H1N1pdm09 did not induce production of toxic factors.

Random peptide mixtures as new crop protection agents.

Many types of crops are severely affected by at least one important bacterial disease. Chemical control of bacterial plant diseases in the field vastly relies on copper-based bactericides, yet with limited efficacy. In this study, we explored the potential of two random peptide mixture (RPM) models as novel crop protection agents. These unique peptide mixtures consist of random combination of l-phenylalanine and l- or d-lysine (FK-20 and FdK-20, respectively) along the 20 mer chain length of the peptides. Both RPMs displayed powerful bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities towards strains b

Исследования по изучению взаимодействия опухолей и опухолей HD5 &quot; Альфа-Защитники &quot; с аденовирусами и последствий для онколитической аденовой терапии.

Защитники представляют собой небольшие антимикробные пептиды, способные нейтрализовать аденовирус человека (HAdV) in vitro с помощью связывающих протеинов капсида и блокирующих эндозомное утечку вируса. В организме человека альфа-дефенсин HD5 производится специализированными эпителиальными клетками желудочно-кишечных и генито-уровневых трактов. Здесь мы показываем, используя образцы биопсии пациентов, что HD5 также выражается как активный, скрытый пептид эпителиальных яичников и раковых клеток легких на месте. Этот вывод побудил нас изучить роль HD5 в инфекции и распространении репликации, онк

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides capable of neutralizing human adenovirus (HAdV) in vitro by binding capsid proteins and blocking … reas that of the wild-type (wt) form (wt-Ad3GFP) was only minimally impacted. In human colon cancer Caco-2 cells, induction of cellular HD5 expression by fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) significantly inhibited viral spread and progeny virus production of mut-Ad3GFP but not of wt-Ad3GFP. Finally, the ectopic expression of HD5 in tumor cells diminished the in …