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Amphotericin-B colloidal dispersion. A review of its use against systemic fungal infections and visceral leishmaniasis.

UNLABELLED: Formulation of amphotericin B with sodium cholesteryl sulphate alters the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, particularly reducing its distribution to the kidneys. The antifungal activity in vitro of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) is similar to that of conventional amphotericin B (C-AmB) against true pathogenic organisms including Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides species and the opportunistic organisms such as Candida and Cryptococcus species. In animal models, ABCD was generally less effective than an identical dose of C-AmB, but overall…

Unraveling the secrets of Histoplasma capsulatum. A model to study morphogenic adaptation during parasite host/host interaction.

Early in the developmental period of microbiology, Pasteur first observed the phenomenon of dimorphism in fungi when he noticed that the bread mold Mucor grew as a filamentous mold aerobically on the surface of broth cultures but at the bottom of the flask where the environment was anaerobic it reproduced as budding yeast cells. Several infectious fungal pathogens of humans, namely Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenkii, and Coccidioides immitis change from a multicellular filamentous form to an unicellular morphology when they inva…

RHINOSINUSITIS IN PATIENTS IN POST-COVID-19 PERIOD: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to identify the etiology, clinical and morphological features of rhinosinusitis in patients in post-COVID-19 period. … coccus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis. Among fungi, there were Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor and Coccidioides. Fungal infection was characterized by invasion into the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses. In patients in post-COVID-19 period the invasive bacterial-fungal chronic atrophic rhinosinusitis at the stage of exacerbation was predominan …

Microbial Disease Spectrum Linked to a Novel IL-12Rβ1 N-Terminal Signal Peptide Stop-Gain Homozygous Mutation with Paradoxical Receptor Cell-Surface Expression.

Patients with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) exhibit variable vulnerability to infections by mycobacteria and other intramacrophagic bacteria (e.g., Salmonella and Klebsiella) and fungi (e.g., Histoplasma, Candida, Paracoccidioides, Coccidioides, and Cryptococcus). The hallmark of MSMD is the inherited impaired production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or the lack of response to it. Mutations in the interleukin (IL)-12 receptor subunit beta 1 (IL12RB1) gene accounts for 38% of cases of MSMD. Most IL12RB1 pathogenic allele mutations, including ten known stop-gain variant…

Miliary coccidioidomycosis in the immunocompetent.

BACKGROUND: Miliary coccidioidomycosis indicates hematogenous or lymphatic spread of Coccidioides immitis and is characterized by the development of multiple small granulomas throughout the lungs and other organs. Previous reports have suggested that this disorder occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, with most patients succumbing to progressive respiratory failure. In this article, we describe the largest series of immunocompetent patients with miliary coccidioidomycosis, define clinical characteristics, and outline important aspects of diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS A…

A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, Calif, earthquake.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a coccidioidomycosis outbreak in Ventura County following the January 1994 earthquake, centered in Northridge, Calif, and to identify factors that increased the risk for acquiring acute coccidioidomycosis infection. DESIGN: Epidemic investigation, population-based skin test survey, and case-control study. SETTING: Ventura County, California. RESULTS: In Ventura County, between January 24 and March 15, 1994, 203 outbreak-associated coccidioidomycosis cases, including 3 fatalities, were identified (attack rate [AR], 30 cases per 100,000 population). The majority of case

Immunotherapy of coccidioidomycosis.

Transfer factor (TF) derived from donors with strong delayed hypersensitivity to coccidioidin (CDN) was administered to four patients with active disseminated or progressive pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. The clinical and immunologic response to TF was studied. Before the administration of TF, all four patients had defective thymus-derived lymphocyte (T-cell) function. In no case were lymphocytes in culture stimulated to incorporate [(3)H]thymidine when exposed to CDN. Cases 1 and 2 had no skin test response to CDN or other antigen, nor was antigen-induced migration inhibition factor (MIF) rele

Neuroinfections caused by fungi.

BACKGROUND: Fungal infections of the central nervous system (FIs-CNS) have become significantly more common over the past 2 decades. Invasio … sarium spp.), Mucoromycetes (Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp.), dimorphic fungi (Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides spp., Histoplasma capsulatum), and dematiaceous fungi (Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis). Their common route of transmission is inhalation or inoculation from trauma or surgery, with subsequent hematogenous or contiguous spread. As …

Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (EIDAR).

INTRODUCTION: The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program's (IDCRP) Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (EIDAR) R … litary readiness for a diversity of EIDs, such as seroincidence of non-Lyme disease borreliosis and Coccidioides fungal infections among high-risk military populations. The team also launched a new prospective study in response to the recent Zika epidemic to conduct surveillance for Zika and other related viruses among MHS beneficiaries in Puerto Rico. Another …

Global control of dimorphism and virulence in fungi.

Microbial pathogens that normally inhabit our environment can adapt to thrive inside mammalian hosts. There are six dimorphic fungi that cause disease worldwide, which switch from nonpathogenic molds in soil to pathogenic yeast after spores are inhaled and exposed to elevated temperature. Mechanisms that regulate this switch remain obscure. We show that a hybrid histidine kinase senses host signals and triggers the transition from mold to yeast. The kinase also regulates cell-wall integrity, sporulation, and expression of virulence genes in vivo. This global regulator shapes how dimorphic fung

Adverse human health effects associated with molds in the indoor environment.

Molds are common and important allergens. About 5% of individuals are predicted to have some allergic airway symptoms from molds over their … ne systems. The leading pathogenic fungi for persons with nonimpaired immune function, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, and Histoplasma, may find their way indoors with outdoor air but normally do not grow or propagate indoors. Due to the ubiquity of fungi in the environment, it is not possible to prevent immunecompromised individuals from being expose …

За пределами границы - это осложнение импортного японского энцефалита: отчет о деле.

Японский энцефалит (JE) — инфекция, эндемичная во многих странах Азии и западной части Тихого океана. Хотя большинство инфекций носит асимптомический характер, они меньше 1% Клинические заболевания, как правило, вызывают острый энцефалит. Коэффициент смертности колеблется от 20 в адрес 30%, и до половины выживших развивают долгосрочные неврологические или психиатрические сиквелы. Несмотря на то, что среди путешественников из неэпидемиологических районов редкость, риск возрастает в результате продолжительного воздействия на сельские районы или отсутствия вакцинации. Иммунокомпромированные люди,

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… mg/dL CSF volume 9 mL CSF color Pink CSF clarity Hazy CSF RBC 10,360 cells/UL CSF WBC 5 cells/UL CSF Segs 80% CSF lymph 16% CSF monocyte 4% CSF eosinophil 0% Cerebral spinal fluid microbiology Epstein–Barr virus PCR Negative Varicella-zoster virus PCR Negative Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) NMO-IgG Ab Negative Coccidioides … CSF color | Pink CSF clarity | Hazy CSF RBC | 10,360 cells/UL CSF WBC | 5 cells/UL CSF Segs | 80% CSF lymph | 16% CSF monocyte | 4% CSF eosinophil | 0% Cerebral spinal fluid microbiology Epstein–Barr virus PCR | Negative Varicella-zoster virus PCR | Negative Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) NMO-IgG Ab | Negative Coccidioides …

Совместное обнаружение вируса кори и сезонного коронавируса у иммунокомпромиссированного пациента с пневмонией.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Рекомендована вакцинация от кори для лиц, получающих трансплантацию стволовых клеток (ГХЦТ) ≥24 месяцев после трансплантации в отсутствие трансплантации и иммунодепрессивной терапии. Управление живыми вакцинами во время иммунодепрессии может привести к иатрогенным повреждениям. РЕЗЮМЕ: Мы описываем 76-year-old пациент со сценой 3 Множественная миэлома, которая прошла аутологический HSCT и получила многотрадиционную терапию, включая химерик антигенный рецептор Т-клеток и недавнюю терапию даратумумаба. Примерно 1 Через месяц после прививки от кори, свинки и краснухи у неё

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… Other BAL studies were negative, including bacterial, fungal, Nocardia , and AFB cultures; Legionella PCR; Coccidioides PCR; Histoplasma / Blastomyces PCR; Aspergillus PCR; Aspergillus galactomannan; and Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR. … Additional negative infectious studies included Coccidioides serologies, cryptococcal antigen, and urine Legionella antigen. Despite broad-spectrum therapy, the patient continued to decline and was intubated on day 7. A repeat chest CT was notable for worsening multifocal infection ( Fig. 2b ). …

Pneumonia in the Cancer Patient

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… asteroides complex Salmonella species Rhodococcus equi R. bronchialis Listeria monocytogenes Mycobacterium tuberculous Nontuberculous mycobacteria Aspergillus and non- Aspergillus filamentous molds Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. carini) Cryptococcus neoformans Endemic mycoses due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides … asteroides complex Salmonella species Rhodococcus equi R. bronchialis Listeria monocytogenes Mycobacterium tuberculous Nontuberculous mycobacteria | Aspergillus and non- Aspergillus filamentous molds Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. carini) Cryptococcus neoformans Endemic mycoses due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides …