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Amino acid metabolism in primary bone sarcomas.

Primary bone sarcomas, including osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are aggressive tumors with peak incidence in childhood and adolescence. The intense standard treatment for these patients consists of combined surgery and/or radiation and maximal doses of chemotherapy; a regimen that has not seen improvement in decades. Like other tumor types, ES and OS are characterized by dysregulated cellular metabolism and a rewiring of metabolic pathways to support the biosynthetic demands of malignant growth. Not only are cancer cells characterized by Warburg metabolism, or aerobic glycolysis, bu

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… The current standard of care for OS includes a combination of chemotherapy, which may include methotrexate, cisplatin, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and etoposide, as well as surgery. OS cells are not readily responsive to radiation, so it does not play a major role in treatment ( 65 ). … Current treatment regimens include chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and ifosfamide, as well as local control with surgery and/or radiation ( 67 ). …

Bone Effects of Anti-Cancer Treatments in 2024.

Considerable progress has been made in the management of cancer patients in the last decade with the arrival of anti-cancer immunotherapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors) and targeted therapies. As a result, a broad spectrum of cancers, not just hormone-sensitive ones, have seen several patients achieve profound and prolonged remissions, or even cures. The management of medium- and long-term side-effects of treatment and quality of life of patients are essential considerations. This is especially true for bone, as bone fragility can lead to increased fractures and loss of autonomy, ultimately

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… Most of the anti-cancer drugs listed are used in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of primary malignant bone tumors (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ifosfamide and 5-fluorouracil), such as primary malignant osteosarcoma and Ewing´s family of tumors [ 133 , 134 ]. … In the long term, ifosfamide causes a decrease in BMD in children [ 1 , 136 , 137 ]. Effect on bone. …

Cancer related cognitive impairment: a downside of cancer treatment.

Cancer treatment is associated with long lasting cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. This cognitive impairment is often termed cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Cancer survivors treated for tumors outside the central nervous system are increasingly diagnosed with CRCI. The development of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of cancer treatment on the brain are crucial. Although neuroimaging research has proposed several candidate mechanisms, the pathogenic underpinnings of CRCI remain uncertain. As such, preventative and treatment strategies have not been identified. To

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… Fosså et al., 2003 ( 37 ) | Metastatic TC | CT (BEP) | 2 years | 20% reported worse cognitive function Wefel et al., 2014 ( 38 ) | TC (non-seminomatous germ cell tumors) | Multiagent CT(two or more of the following: bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin, DOX, paclitaxel, CYP, vinblastine, MTX, vincristine, ifosfamide … CT (BEP)± ECRT | 2-7 years | Patients did not show significant worse cognitive impairment compared to patients treated with ECRT and surgery Chovanec et al., 2018 ( 71 ) | TC (germ cell tumors) | Multiagent CT (two or more of the following: bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin, CYP, DOX, paclitaxel, OXP, ifosfamide …

T-Cell Lymphoma With Sarcoid-Like Reaction and Secondary Myelofibrosis: A Unique Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: T-cell lymphomas are rare, comprising 10%-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Their etiology remains unclear, and pathophysiology varies widely among subtypes. Sarcoid-like reactions (SLRs) have been reported in approximately 7.3% of NHLs, including T-cell lymphomas, and can closely resemble sarcoidosis clinically/histologically. This overlap complicates diagnosis, particularly when secondary myelofibrosis-a rare and poorly understood complication-arises. Myelofibrosis has also been observed in sarcoidosis, further blurring the distinction between these entities. Treatment for T

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… Abbreviations: CNS = central nervous system; CTCL = cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma; ICE = ifosfamide, carboplatinum, and etoposide; NOS = not otherwise specified; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; PDGF = platelet‐derived growth factor; PTCL = peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. ∗ Cases included in Sekiguchi et al. …

An analysis of the utilisation of chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with malignancy receiving corticosteroid therapy at a cancer hospital.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, chemoprophylaxis is highly effective. In patients with solid tumours or haematologic malignancy, several risk factors for developing PCP have been identified, predominantly corticosteroid therapy. The aims of this study were to identify the potentially preventable cases of PCP in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy at a tertiary care cancer centre and to estimate the frequency of utilisation of chemoprophylaxis in these patients.

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… GBM=glioblastoma multiforme; NHL=non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; AML=acute myeloid leukaemia; CML=chronic myeloid leukaemia; EC=epirubicin, cyclophosphamide; CHOP=cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oncovin, prednisolone; FLAG=fludarabine, cytarabine, G-CSF; RICE=rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide; MTX …

Beyond the rare: a case of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma treated sequentially with everolimus, denosumab, and pazopanib.

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is an ultra-rare vascular sarcoma that most commonly affects young adults, with a male predominance. It is diagnosed using a combination of imaging studies, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemical staining. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, with the goal of achieving a wide local excision and reducing the risk of recurrence. The role of systemic therapies is not well established because of the rarity of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, uncertainty regarding its response to currently ap

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… second line everolimus Ozeki et al. ( 26 ) | 1 patient 15 years old multifocal disease in the proximal tibia and spinal metastasis | Everolimus | PR | Gabor et al. ( 30 ) | One patient Nine years old Proximal metaphysis of the left femur and the pubic bone and further local infiltration | Chemotherapy (ifosfamide …

Corneal and Epidermal Nerve Quantification in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is an increasingly recognized clinical issue in oncology. in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of corneal nerves has been successfully used to diagnose peripheral neuropathies, including diabetic neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to test if the combination of corneal nerve density and morphology assessed by IVCM is useful to monitor the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy compared to epidermal nerve quantification. Overall, 95 adult patients with different cancer types were recruited from the oncology and hematology departments of the San Raffaele Hospit

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… Paclitaxel + Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-Methotrexate-Fluorouracil (5FU) 10 | Amyloidosis | 73 | Melphalan 200 mg/m2 + Dexamethasone + Prednisone + Endoxan + lenalidomide plus dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide-Prednisone + Cyclophosphamide-Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide/Docetaxel-Pirarubicin-ifosfamide-Velcade …

Keyword Index for Volume 88

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… testing 42 hTERT 516 human 1721 human Mdm2 636 human neuroblastoma 1527 human papillomavirus (HPV) 63, 560, 1713, 1883 human sterol isomerase 438 Hybrid Capture II 1883 hyperammonia 447 hypermethylation 109, 1560 hyperthermia 1839 hypoxia 120, 307, 718, 1065, 1439 IAPs 1077 IDN 5390 965 ifosfamide …

Cancer in Pregnancy: Therapeutic Decisions at the Intersection of Two Lives.

Background: Cancer during pregnancy is a rare but increasingly encountered condition due to delayed childbearing and improved survival of women with cancer. The coexistence of malignancy and pregnancy poses complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, requiring careful balance between maternal prognosis and fetal safety. Objective: This review aims to summarize current evidence on the diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of cancer during pregnancy, focusing on the safe use of oncologic therapies, obstetric decision-making, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: A narrative review wa

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… Alkylating Agents Alkylating agents, including cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine, have been used with relative safety in standard treatment regimens during pregnancy, with cyclophosphamide being the agent supported by the most consistent safety data. … In contrast, the use of high-dose alkylating agents, such as busulfan, ifosfamide, and melphalan, as well as intensive combination regimens such as BEACOPP, remains contraindicated or strongly discouraged at any stage of pregnancy due to documented embryotoxicity [ 2 , 4 ]. …

T1 Mapping in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance-A Marker of Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In our study, we aimed to find subclinical changes in myocardial tissue after HSCT with the help of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue imaging techniques. Methods: The data of 44 patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic HSCT in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics from October 2021 to February 2023 were analyzed. Bioethics approval for the prospective study was obtained (No BE-2-96). CMR was performed two times: before enr

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… diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients were given cytarabine and thiotepa at different doses and rituximab at 375 mg/m 2 ; a NK/T-cell lymphoma patient underwent the CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, and prednisone) scheme; and an Ewing sarcoma patient underwent an IE scheme (ifosfamide …

Skip pattern approach toward the early access of innovative anticancer drugs.

BackgroundWith the rapid development of innovative anticancer treatments, the optimization of tools able to accelerate the access of new drugs to the market by the regulatory authority is a major issue. The aim of the project was to propose a reliable methodological pathway for the assessment of clinical value of new therapeutic innovative options, to objectively identify drugs which deserve early access (EA) priority for solid and possibly in other cancer scenarios, such as the hematological ones.Materials and methodsAfter a comprehensive review of the European Public Assessment Report of 21

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… Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel versus vinorelbine or ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens. The TAX 320 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Study Group. …

Assessment of Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors Among Pediatric Patients With Burkitt Lymphoma at Kenyatta National Hospital.

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, the treatment outcomes of Burkitt lymphoma are poor due to the poorly equipped healthcare systems. In addition, there is limited comprehensive data within the African continent, including Kenya, about the outcomes of treatment for this cancer. AIMS: To assess treatment outcomes and variables associated with an increased risk of death from disease progression or treatment-related toxicities among Burkitt lymphoma pediatric patients at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective one-arm cohort study was conducted to examine th

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… Abbreviations: CHOP, cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone; COPADM, cyclophosphamide + vincristine + prednisolone + daunorubicin + methotrexate; CVF, cyclophosphamide + vinorelbine + 5‐fluorouracil; CYM, cytarabine + methotrexate; ICE, ifosfamide + carboplatin + etoposide; M‐CHOP …

Mucocutaneous Findings in Hematolymphoid Neoplasms: An Observational Study.

BackgroundCutaneous manifestations of hematological neoplasms can be divided into three broad categories - direct infiltration, paraneoplastic conditions, and those due to the treatment of hematological cancers.ObjectivesTo study the frequency and patterns of mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with hematolymphoid neoplasms and those due to chemotherapy.Materials and methodsThis was an observational study done with 172 patients. Categorization of mucocutaneous manifestations was done into malignancy-associated and chemotherapeutic drugs-associated and data was analyzed.ResultsOut of a tot

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… prednisone, vincristine (oncovin), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin), and rituximab; B+R regimen - Bendamustine+Rituximab; CPR - Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and lenalidomide (Revlimid®); R-CODOX-M - Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, methotrexate; R-IVAC – Rituximab, ifosfamide …

Clinical analysis of lymphoma with malignant solid tumor simultaneously: a retrospective case series.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and potential pathogenesis of lymphoma complicated with malignant solid tumors. Clinical data from 35 patients treated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital between January 2018 and March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 1726 lymphoma patients, 35 (2.03%) were found to have solid tumors, including 22 males and 13 females, with a median age of 62 years (range: 49-83 years). The lymphoma subtypes included 14 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 8 cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL), 7 cases

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… oxaliplatin; BR: rituximab + bendamustine; RCVP: rituximab + cyclophosphamide + vindesine + dexamethasone; RGDP: rituximab + gemcitabine + cisplatin + dexamethasone; SOX: oxaliplatin + tegafur; MTX: methotrexate; RTX: rituximab; CTX: cyclophosphamide; DTX: docetaxel; EPI: epirubicin; RICE: rituximab + ifosfamide …

Доклад о деле: Редкие неблагоприятные явления после лечения CAR-T у пациентов с рецидивной/нереактивной диффузной большой лимфомой B-клеток.

Химерическая антигенная рецепторная терапия T-клетка (CAR-T) представляет собой значительное изменение в лечении раковых заболеваний, которое используется для лечения заболеваний B-клеток, включая B-клеточные лимфоболические лейкемии, рецидивные и рефрактные лимфомы и множественные миеломы. CAR-T требует сбора Т-клеток от пациента, который генетически разработан для выражения синтетического рецептора, связывающего его с антигеном конкретной опухоли. Клетки CAR-T затем вводятся обратно в пациента, который работает, чтобы атаковать стойкие раковые клетки. Побочные эффекты CAR-T включают синдром

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… A PET scan showed further disease progression, prompting one cycle of rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (R-ICE) chemotherapy prior to CAR-T. …

Antioxidant effects of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is known to reduce fertility. The protective effects of Spirulina plantesis (SP) against CP-induced testicular toxicity were investigated. Male Wistar rats were categorized into eight groups (n = 7). Four groups of rats were administered CP at a dose of 5 mg in 5 mL distilled water kg-1 per day orally. Two of these groups were received SP (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 per day) orally after CP administration. One of these groups was also received vitamin E (100 mg kg-1 per day) intraperitoneally. A vehicle treated control group, two SP control groups (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 per day)

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… biochemical changes in testes of albino mice Toxicol Ind Health 2012 28 3 276 288 21949087 10.1177/0748233711412427 2 Kehrer JP Biswal SS The molecular effects of acrolein Toxicol Sci 2000 57 1 6 15 10966506 10.1093/toxsci/57.1.6 3 Korkmaz A Topal T Oter S Pathophysiological aspects of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide …

Prodrugs in Oncology: Bioactivation and Impact on Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity.

A prodrug is a molecule that lacks pharmacological activity, but upon enzymatic bioactivation, it can generate a therapeutically active molecule. The primary reason behind the design of a prodrug is to help circumvent challenges associated with the physicochemical properties of a drug molecule, such as solubility, absorption, distribution, and instability. Chemotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer treatment for over 70 years due to its ability to target rapidly proliferating tumor cells. However, a major concern with conventional chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity and its associate

Fanconi syndrome developing and worsening during anti-myeloma therapy in multiple myeloma: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Fanconi syndrome (FS) is a rare renal complication of monoclonal gammopathies including multiple myeloma (MM), typically diagnosed before or at the time of MM presentation. Onset and progression of FS during anti-myeloma treatment are extremely rare and easily misdiagnosed, resulting in delayed electrolyte correction and clinical deterioration. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 55-year-old woman with κ light chain MM who developed FS during induction therapy and experienced recurrence after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Initial workup showed subclinical tubular dysfunc

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… Late-onset FS is often drug-related, such as cisplatin and ifosfamide, which cause direct damage to proximal tubular epithelial cells via metabolites, leading to generalized solute reabsorption dysfunction ( 29 ). …

Early Impact of Mobilization Process on Cardiac Function and Size in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: The hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) process is known to cause cardiac toxicity of different grades. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the impact of mobilization procedure of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous HSCT process for left and right ventricle sizes and functions. Material and Methods: The data of 47 patients undergoing autologous HSCT were analyzed. All patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with chemotherapy and filgrastim at 10 µg/kg/d. Echocardiography was performed two times: before enrolling in the transplantation process and afte

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… central nervous system (PCNS) diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients had cytarabine and thiotepa at different doses and rituximab 375 mg/m 2 ; anaplastic large cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma patients had a cisplatin-based salvage regimen; and Ewing sarcoma patients followed an IE scheme (ifosfamide …

Incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia utilizing a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis in patients receiving bendamustine.

BackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening infection occurring in patients receiving bendamustine. The poorly defined incidence, particularly when utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic techniques, precipitates unclear prophylaxis recommendations. Our objective was to determine the cumulative incidence of PJP diagnosed by single copy target, non-nested PCR in patients receiving bendamustine.MethodsPatients were evaluated for PJP from initiation of bendamustine through 9 months after the last administration. The cumulative incidence of PJP was est

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… 2 Chemotherapy characteristics and medication use Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; R‐CHOP, rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone; R‐CVP, rituximab/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone; RICE, rituximab/ifosfamide …