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No patient left behind: The promise of immune priming with epigenetic agents.

Checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PD-1 or CTLA-4, have revolutionized the treatment of multiple cancers. Despite the enthusiasm for the clinical successes of checkpoint inhibitors, and immunotherapy, in general, only a minority of patients with specific tumor types actually benefit from treatment. Emerging evidence implicates epigenetic alterations as a mechanism of clinical resistance to immunotherapy. This review presents evidence for that association, summarizes the epi-based mechanisms by which tumors evade immunogenic cell death, discusses epigenetic modulation as

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… Treatment with anti-VEGF agents such as Bevacizumab or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors like sunitinib prunes or disrupts the morphologically aberrant blood vessels that compromise blood flow in the tumor, leading to a more homogeneous distribution of functionally mature tumor vessels and a …

Snail and Slug collaborate on EMT and tumor metastasis through miR-101-mediated EZH2 axis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Lung diseases, including COVID-19 and lung cancers, is a huge threat to human health. However, for the treatment and diagnosis of various lung diseases, such as pneumonia, asthma, cancer, and pulmonary tuberculosis, are becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, several types of treatments and/or diagnostic methods are used to treat lung diseases; however, the occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, drug-resistant bacteria, side effects that can be significantly toxic, and poor drug delivery necessitates the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology, as an emerging t

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… Feasibility and biological rationale of repurposing sunitinib and erlotinib for dengue treatment. Antiviral. Res. 2018;155:67–75. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.05.001. [212] Chen N S, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J M, Gong F Y, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J L, Liu Y, Wei Y, et al. …

Impact of Japanese Subpopulation Data and Overall Survival in Pivotal Trials on Oncology Drug Approvals in Japan.

Globalization of oncology drug development has accelerated the adoption of multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) as pivotal evidence for regulatory approvals in major markets, including Japan. While MRCTs enhance efficiency and generalizability, they introduce challenges related to inter-ethnic variability and data extrapolation. Japan's regulatory framework, guided by pharmaceuticals medical devices agency (PMDA) principles and the "Guideline for Clinical Evaluation Methods of Anticancer Drugs," emphasizes patient efficacy, safety and relevance, historically requiring local data to supplement

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… significant | Opdivo/Nivolumab (Genetical Recombination) | Partial change (new dosage) | Aug-21 | Unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma | ONO-4538-81/CA2099ER | PFS per BICR assessment | 651 (323 [including 22 Japanese] in the nivolumab + cabozantinib, vs. 328 [including 24 Japanese] in the sunitinib …

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis: Why the Jawbone?

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a complication of anti-resorptive medications. Despite its low incidence rate, this problem has gained attention in recent years due to its devastating consequences and lack of preventive strategy. The fact that MRONJ incidence has been exclusive to the jawbones, despite the systemic effect of anti-resorptive medications, could be a starting point to unravel the multifactorial pathogenesis of this condition. This review aims to negotiate the question of why the jawbone is more susceptible to MRONJ than other skeletal sites. App

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… bone metastasis Clodronate Alendronate Risedronate Tiludronate Pamidronate Ibandronate Zoledronate RANKL Antibody | Denosumab | Osteoporosis, pathologic fracture, hypercalcemia, bone metastasis Anti-VEGF | Bevacizumab | Anti-cancer, diabetic retinopathy Aflibercept Pazopanib Cabozantinib Anti-TKIs | Sunitinib …

Identification of Potentially Pathogenic Variants Associated with Recurrence in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) Patients Using Whole-Exome Sequencing.

Background: Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs that prevent and treat bone loss and mineralization in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and cancer patients. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is commonly caused by tooth extraction and dental trauma. Although genetic and pathological studies about MRONJ have been conducted, the pathogenesis of MRONJ still remains unclear. Methods: We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with MRONJ, using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Ten MRONJ patients prescribed bisphosphonates were recruited for WES, and

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… The antiangiogenic agents or targets of the VEGF pathway, such as the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies (Bevacizumab) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Sunitinib, Sorafenib), that are prescribed for the treatment of cancer-related conditions or organ rejection in renal transplant patients (Sirolimus) have …

The 2024 revised clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery.

The Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery published the first edition of the "Clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors" in 2010 and the revised edition in 2018. The guideline presented herein is the English translation of the revised third edition, issued in 2024. The aim is to enhance health outcomes for patients suffering from thyroid tumors by facilitating evidence-based shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients, as well as standardizing the management of thyroid tumors. The focus is on adult patients with thyroid tumors, addressing clinically signific

ESMO/ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2023.

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and ASCO are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) with contributions from more than 150 authors. The purpose of the GC is to provide recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology and to establish a set of educational standards for trainees to qualify as medical oncologists. This edition builds on prior ones in 2004, 2010, and 2016 and incorporates scientific advances and input from an ESMO ASCO survey on GC adoption conducted in 2019, which revealed that GC has been adopted or adapted in as many a

The Complosome: An Emerging Intracellular Complement Network in Cancer Development and Therapy.

The complement system is traditionally recognized as a major effector of innate immunity, essential for pathogen clearance, inflammation and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In recent years, however, its role in cancer has been substantially redefined. Beyond its canonical extracellular activity, complement has emerged as a multifaceted regulator of tumor biology, acting not only within the tumor microenvironment but also intracellularly through the recently described intracellular complement system (complosome). While extracellular complement primarily shapes immune responses and the tu

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… In metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) higher C5a expression correlates with reduced responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies (sorafenib and sunitinib). …

The Rise of Oncoendocrinology: How Modern Cancer Therapies Are Reshaping Endocrine Practice.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, CAR T-cell therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates has transformed modern oncology, significantly improving survival across a wide range of malignancies. However, these advances have also introduced a growing spectrum of endocrine and metabolic complications, redefining the scope of endocrine practice. Therapy-induced endocrinopathies, including thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes, pancreatitis, dyslipidemia, gonadal dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome, are recognized as clinically significant and o

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… Several TKIs, including lenvatinib, vandetanib, cabozantinib, sunitinib, and axitinib, have been strongly associated with this complication [ 62 ]. …

Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in Cancer.

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that serves as a precursor for the synthesis of several important bioactive compounds. Trp is involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including neuronal function, metabolism, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, immune regulation, and intestinal homeostasis. The role of Trp metabolism in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is of particular significance. The influence of Trp and its metabolites on tumor growth and metastasis is mediated through various mechanisms, such as immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, and increased re

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… Ibanez , et al., “ A Randomized, Open‐Label, Phase 3 Trial of Pembrolizumab Plus Epacadostat Versus Sunitinib or Pazopanib as First‐Line Treatment for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (KEYNOTE‐679/ECHO‐302) ,” BMC Cancer 23 , no. …

Antioxidant and Antiproliferation Activities of Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora): An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae) is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including bronchitis, insomnia, anxiety, digestive, and heart problems. In this study, this plant's antioxidant and anti-proliferation effects were evaluated. In addition to volatiles extraction, different solvent extracts were prepared. The GC-MS, LC-MS analysis and the Foline-Ciocalteu (F-C) method were used to investigate the phytochemical components of the plant. MTT assay was used to measure the antiproliferative ability for each extract. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazy

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… Hispidulin potentiates the antitumor effect of sunitinib against human renal cell carcinoma in laboratory models Cell Biochem. Biophys. 2015 71 757 764 10.1007/s12013-014-0260-6 25260394 74. Gao H. Gao M. Peng J. Han M. Liu K. Han Y. …

Cancer, immune suppression and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Need to manage drug safety (French Society for Oncology Pharmacy [SFPO] guidelines).

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting our health environment. As expected, studies highlighted the great susceptibility of cancer patients to COVID-19 and more severe complications, leading oncologists to deeply rethink patient cancer care. This review is dedicated to the optimization of care pathways and therapeutics in cancer patients during the pandemic and aims to discuss successive issues. First we focused on the international guidelines proposing adjustments and alternative options to cancer care in order to limit hospital admission and cytopenic treatment in cancer p

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… intermediate risk | BEP Protocol | Avoid bleomycin (VIP + G-CSF) (expert consensus) | [54] , [55] | Bladder | Metastatic first line | Intensive MVAC Protocol | Cisplatin – Gemcitabine + G-CSF (expert consensus) | [54] , [55] | Kidney | Metastatic with high or intermediate risk | Ipilimumab-Nivolumab | TKI sunitinib …

Pulmonary Hypertension in an Oncologic Intensive Care Unit

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… Cardiac tumors • Radiation therapy • SVC syndrome • Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin) • Anthraquinone (mitoxantrone) • Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide) • Taxanes (docetaxel) • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, bevacizumab; small molecules, sunitinib …

Targeting CD44 and other pleiotropic co-receptors as a means for broad inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.

Although progress has been made in the treatment of cancer, particularly for the four major types of cancers affecting the lungs, colon, breast and prostate, resistance to cancer treatment often emerges upon inhibition of major signaling pathways, which leads to the activation of additional pathways as a last-resort survival mechanism by the cancer cells. This signaling plasticity provides cancer cells with a level of operational freedom, reducing treatment efficacy. Plasticity is a characteristic of cancer cells that are not only able to switch signaling pathways but also from one cellular st

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… For example, sunitinib inhibits multiple RTKs including VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, c-KIT, and PDGFR-α, and sorafenib that apart from the effects on RTKs, blocks intracellular kinases including wild-type and mutant BRAF. …

Malignant Neoplasms Arising in the Cardiac Pacemaker Cavity: A Systematic Review.

Cancer is the abnormal proliferation of physiologically inadequate cells. Studies have identified the cardiac pacemaker pocket as a site of rare neoplasms. To evaluate the clinical outcomes, treatment, prognosis, and individualized management of tumors originating in the cardiac pacemaker pocket, a systematic review was conducted using case reports and case series available in the PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, LILACS, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases. Pacemaker pocket tumors affected patients with a mean age of 72.9 years, with a higher incidence

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… Factors such as radiotherapy and certain medications (anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, sunitinib) [ 10 ] have been shown to induce senescence in cardiomyocytes. …

Immune System and DNA Repair Defects in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Locoregional Approaches.

In the last few years, substantial progress has been made in the treatment of ovarian cancer, with increased knowledge about the biology of the disease. Ovarian cancer is a neoplasm strongly linked to defects in DNA repair mechanisms, where deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) system results in a better response of ovarian cancers to therapy, whether platinum-based chemotherapy, anthracyclines, or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. More recently, it has been demonstrated that different ovarian cancer histotypes may have different immunogenicity. Interestingly, defects i

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… Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts the clinical outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer treated with sunitinib Oncotarget 2016 7 54564 54571 10.18632/oncotarget.10515 27409344 PMC5342364 85. Passardi A. Scarpi E. Cavanna L. Dall’Agata M. Tassinari D. Leo S. Bernardini I. …

From Osteoclast Differentiation to Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Molecular and Clinical Insights.

Bone physiology relies on the delicate balance between resorption and formation of its tissue. Bone resorption depends on a process called osteoclastogenesis in which bone-resorbing cells, i.e., osteoclasts, are produced by the differentiation of more undifferentiated progenitors and precursors. This process is governed by two main factors, monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). While the former exerts a proliferating effect on progenitors/precursors, the latter triggers a differentiation effect on more mature cells of the same lineage. Bone h

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… Damage of the epithelial mucosa induced by BPs or sunitinib (a drug inhibiting several tyrosine kinase receptors) may have also a role in the development of ONJ with other co-factors [ 71 ]. 3. …

Current concepts in bone metastasis, contemporary therapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.

BackgroundElucidation of mechanisms regulating bone metastasis has progressed significantly in recent years and this has translated to many new therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic cancers. However, the rapid rate of progress in both the basic science literature and therapies undergoing clinical trials makes staying abreast with current developments challenging. This review seeks to provide an update on the current state of the science in bone metastasis research and give a snap shot of therapies in clinical trials for bone metastatic cancer.Main bodyBone metastasis represents

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… | | | | | Treatment of opiod refractory pain with pituitary radiosurgery | NCT02637479 | | | | | | LHRH agonist + Enzulutamide +/− SBRT | | NCT02685397 | | | | | ADT +/− radiotherapy | | NCT02913859 | | | | | SBRT + anti PD-1 antibody | | | NCT02303366 | | | | SBRT with sunitinib …

Dissecting the role of bone marrow stromal cells on bone metastases.

Tumor-induced bone disease is a dynamic process that involves interactions with many cell types. Once metastatic cancer cells reach the bone, they are in contact with many different cell types that are present in the cell-rich bone marrow. These cells include the immune cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each of these cell populations can influence the behavior or gene expression of both the tumor cells and the bone microenvironment. Additionally, the tumor itself can alter the behavior of these bone marrow cells which further alters both t

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… There are many different ways to target MDSCs including growth factors (anti-VEGF antibodies), chemokines (anti-CCL2 antibodies), cytotoxic drugs (Gemcitabine), enzyme inhibitors (amino-bisphosphonate), signaling inhibitors (sunitinib), and inducing differentiation (ATRA-All-trans retinoic acid) [ 72 …

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.

Liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), globally ranks sixth in incidence and third in cancer-related deaths. HCC risk factors include non-viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, environmental exposures, and genetic factors. No specific genetic alterations are unequivocally linked to HCC tumorigenesis. Current standard therapies include surgical options, systemic chemotherapy, and kinase inhibitors, like sorafenib and regorafenib. Immunotherapy, targeting immune checkpoints, represents a promising avenue. FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors, such as atezolizumab and pembrolizumab, s

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… To date, only one monoclonal antibody directed against PDGFRα is approved for the treatment of tissue sarcoma (olaratumab), while a large number of small-molecule inhibitors directed against PDGRFα are used for the treatment of several cancers, including sunitinib (renal cell carcinoma), imatinib (leukemias … Several of the small-molecule multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors previously discussed for PDGFRs also act on VEGFRs (e.g., sunitinib), and, in particular, sorafenib and regorafenib, for which their use is well established in HCC therapy. …