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Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health concern and several protective vaccines, or preventive/therapeutic approaches have been developed. Sinovac-CoronaVac, an inactivated whole virus vaccine, can protect against severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization, but less is known whether it elicits long-term T cell responses and provides prolonged protection. METHODS: This is a longitudinal surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels, neutralizing antibody levels (NAb), T cell subsets and activation, and m

Deficiency of protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR2 exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis in mice via differing mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES: Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR2 have been implicated in RA, however their exact role is unclear. Here, we detailed … d with wild type cells. Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells were lower in PAR1KO spleens cells, whereas Th1 and Th2 cells were lower and Th17 cells higher in both KO thymus cells, when compared with wild type cells. PAR1KO synovial fibroblasts proliferated faster and produced the most abundant MMP-9 amongst three type cells in the control, lipopolysaccharides or TNF st …

Natural antibodies drive type 2 immunity in response to damage-associated molecular patterns.

Allergic airway disease (AAD) is an example of type 2 inflammation that leads to chronic airway eosinophilia controlled by CD4 Th2 cells. Inflammation is reinforced by mast cells and basophils armed with allergen-specific IgE made by allergen-specific B2 B cells of the adaptive immune system. Little is known about how AAD is affected by innate B1 cells, which produce natural antibodies (NAbs) that facilitate apoptotic cell clearance and detect damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS and PAMPS). We used transgenic mice lacking either B cells or NAbs in distinct mouse models of…

Low Activation of CD8+ T Cells in response to Viral Peptides in Mexican Patients with Severe Dengue.

It is acknowledged that antiviral immune response contributes to dengue immunopathogenesis. To identify immunological markers that distinguish dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 113 patients with confirmed dengue infection were analyzed at 6 or 7 days after fever onset. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated, lymphocyte subsets and activation biomarkers were identified by flow cytometry, and differentiation of T helper (Th) lymphocytes was achieved by the relative expression analysis of T-bet (Th1), GATA-3 (Th2), ROR-γ (Th17), and FOXP-3 (T regulatory) trans

Inhibition of murine allergic airway disease by Bordetella pertussis.

Whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been shown to selectively induce T helper 1 (Th1)-type responses in human and animals. In this study, we investigated whether whole-cell B. pertussis could inhibit allergic airway reactions in a murine model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Systemic administration of whole-cell B. pertussis strongly inhibited allergic airway reactions such as eosinophil recruitment into the airway, lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. The inhibitory effect of whole-cell B. pertussis was mediated by chromosomal DNA and pretreatment of DNA wit

Т-образные сигнатуры, связанные со снижением хламидиотрахоматиза, перезаражением в высокозащищенной когорте.

Chlamidia trachomatis (CT) — самая распространенная в мире бактериальная инфекция, передающаяся половым путем. Понимание естественного иммунитета к КТ будет служить основой для разработки вакцин. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать иммунные клетки и связанные с ними функциональные особенности женщин, инфицированных КТ, и определить иммунные характеристики, связанные с уменьшением риска заражения эндомезонной КТ и перезаражением КТ. КБМ женщин, подвергшихся КТ, были профилированы с помощью массовой цитометрии, и случайные модели лесов выявили ключевые особенности, кот

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Understanding natural immunity to CT will i … gher frequencies of CD4+ T central memory (TCM) Th1, Th17, Th1/17, and Th17 DN but reduced CD4+ TEM Th2 cells than FU+ participants. Expression of markers associated with central memory and Th17 lineage was increased on T cell subsets among FU- participants. These data indicate that peripheral T cells exhibit distinct features associated with resistance to …

Unique T cell signatures associated with reduced Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection in a highly exposed cohort.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Understanding natural immunity to CT will i … higher frequencies of CD4 T central memory (TCM) Th1, Th17, Th1/17, and Th17 DN but reduced CD4 TEM Th2 cells than FU+ participants. Expression of markers associated with central memory and Th17 lineage were increased on T cell subsets among FU- participants. These data indicate that peripheral T cells exhibit distinct features associated with resistance to …

Role of RANK-L as a potential inducer of ILC2-mediated type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by type 2 inflammation with accumulation of activated group 2 innate lymp … nced this reaction. The membrane-bound RANK-L was detected mainly on CD45 + immune cells, including TH2 cells in NPs. The co-culture of NP-derived ILC2s and TH2 cells significantly enhanced production of type 2 cytokines, and anti-RANK-L monoclonal antibody suppressed this enhancement. In conclusion, RANK-L, together with TSLP, may play an inductive role in …

T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pat … me studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.

The spleen is the site where mast cells are induced in the development of food allergy.

It has been reported that splenic immune responses play pivotal roles in the development of allergic diseases; however, the precise role of the spleen remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated a novel role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of food allergy (FA). We found that mast cells (MCs) developed from progenitor cells present in spleen during an antigen-specific T-cell response in vitro. In a Th2 response-mediated FA model, significant expansion of MCs was also observed in spleen. The incidence of allergic diarrhea was profoundly reduced in splenectomized mice, whereas adoptive transfer of

Susceptibility and resistance to Echinococcus granulosus infection: Associations between mouse strains and early peritoneal immune responses.

In helminth infections, there are no easy associations between host susceptibility and immune responses. Interestingly, immunity to cestodes - unlike most helminths - seems to require Th1-type effectors. In this sense, we reported recently that Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice are high and low susceptible strains, respectively, to experimental infection by Echinococcus granulosus. However, the role of the early cellular peritoneal response in such differential susceptibility is unknown. Here, we analyzed the kinetics of cytokines expression and cellular phenotypes in peritoneal cells from infected Balb

Modulation of the CD4(+) T cell response after acellular pertussis vaccination in the presence of TLR4 ligation.

Whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines are gradually being replaced by aluminum salt-adjuvanted acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. These promote CD4(+) T cell responses with a non-protective Th2 component, while protective immune mechanisms to B. pertussis may rather involve long-lived Th1/Th17 type CD4(+) T cells. Here we asked whether addition of a non-toxic meningococcal LPS derivative, LpxL1, as adjuvant can favorably modulate the aP-induced pertussis-specific CD4(+) T cell response in mice. To assess the effect of TLR4 ligation, Th type, quantity, and memory potential of pertussis-specific CD

Activation of Th17/Th1 and Th1, but not Th17, is associated with the acute cardiac event in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Th1 activation and regulatory T (Treg) cell suppression have been observed in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the role of Th17 cell or IL-17A remains controversial in ACS patients, and little is known about the role of recently discovered Th17/Th1 cells, a subset of Th17 cells, in coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study is to investigate functional changes of Th17/Th1, Th17, Th1, Th2 and Treg cells in ACS patients. METHODS: The contents of Th17/Th1, Th17, Th1, Th2 and Treg cells, related

Strongyloides ratti infection induces transient nematode-specific Th2 response and reciprocal suppression of IFN-gamma production in mice.

Over one-third of the world population is infected with parasitic helminths, Strongyloides ssp. accounting for approximately 30-100 million infected people. In this study, we employ the experimental system of murine Strongyloides ratti infection to investigate the interaction of this pathogenic nematode with its mammalian host. We provide a comprehensive kinetic description of the immune response to S. ratti infection that was reflected by induction of antigen-specific IgM and IgG1, mast cell activation and a Th2-like cytokine response. T cells derived from infected mice displayed an increased

Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell-dependent suppression of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.

Suppressing the abnormalities associated with asthma has been difficult to accomplish using immunotherapy or vaccination once the disease is established. The effector cells necessary for effective immunization/vaccination and immunotherapy of asthma are also not well understood. Therefore, we vaccinated allergen (OVA)-sensitized mice to determine whether therapeutic immunization could suppress airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation and to identify key immune effector cells and cytokines. Mice were immunized with a vaccine comprised of Ag and cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDC), a

Japanese encephalitis virus produces a CD4+ Th2 response and associated immunoprotection in an adoptive-transfer murine model.

Japanese encephalitis is an acute infection of the central nervous system caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The importance of an effective humoral response in preventing JEV infection has already been established, although the contribution of cellular immunity remains unclear. This study used an experimental murine model to understand the protective effects of cell-mediated immunity in JEV infection. Fourteen-day-old mice adoptively transferred with JEV-immune splenocytes were found to be protected from peripheral JEV challenge. The survival rate was reduced when transferred cells w

Response to B-cell depleting therapy with rituximab reverts the abnormalities of T-cell subsets in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been used to treat autoimmune disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). … e Th1/Th2 ratio and of the Tc1/Tc2 ratios (P < .001), increased expression of Fas ligand on Th1 and Th2 cells (P < .001), increased expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (P = .003) and decreased expression of bax mRNA (P = .025) in Th cells, and expansion of oligoclonal T cells with no preferential use of any TCR VB subfamily. These abnormalities were reverted in respon …

The role of phosphoinositide-3-kinase in mast cell homing to the gastrointestinal tract.

Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases essential in a variety of physiological reactions. A series of gene-targeted mice lacking different PI3Ks and related molecules has enabled us to understand their in vivo roles, particularly those of class IA members. Studies on knockout mice lacking class IA PI3Ks and knock-in mice expressing mutant forms of enzymes have revealed the importance of this class of PI3Ks in mast cell development in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we studied the role of the p85a regulatory subunit, the most abundantly expressed regulatory subunit of

Adenovirus expressing Fas ligand gene decreases airway hyper-responsiveness and eosinophilia in a murine model of asthma.

Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and cellular infiltration of the airway with predominantly eosinophils and Th2 cells. The normal resolution of inflammation in the lung occurs through the regulated removal of unneeded cells by Fas-Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, and when bound to Fas, it induces apoptosis of the cells. To examine the effect of the FasL gene on airway inflammation and immune effector cells in allergic asthma, recombinant adenovirus expressing murine FasL (Ad-FasL) was delivere…

T helper cell polarisation as a measure of the maturation of the immune response.

BACKGROUND: T helper cell polarisation is important under chronic immune stimulatory conditions and drives the type of the evolving immune response. Mice treated with superantigens in vivo display strong effects on Th subset differentiation. The aim of the study was to detect the intrinsic capacity of T cells to polarise under various ex vivo conditions. METHODS: Purified CD4+ T cells obtained from super-antigen-treated mice were cultured under Th polarising conditions in vitro. By combining intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis with quantitative cytokine mea