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Typhoid Fever, Below the Belt.

Genital ulcers occur due to infective, inflammatory, malignant and drug-related causes. In tropical countries such as India, such ulcers are due to parasitic, tubercular, rickettsial and bacterial (sexually transmitted infections) aetiologies. Typhoid fever is endemic in the tropics. Except "rose spots", skin manifestations in typhoid fever are unusual, and they are missed due to pigmented skin. Patients do not often complain of genital ulcers due to shame or fear. Genital examination is not routinely performed in typhoid fever. We describe scrotal ulcers as the presenting symptom of typhoid f…

Cardiac Manifestation in Dengue Fever.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the cardiac manifestations of the dengue fever. METHODS: This one year descriptive study was undertaken at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum under the Department of Medicine. A total of 120 patients with either dengue IgM or IgM and IgG were studied. The assessment of cardiac manifestations was done based on electrocardiogram, 2D echocardiography and cardiac enzymes. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients, 85 (70.83%) were males and the male to female ratio was 2.4:1. The mean age of the patients was 33.02 ± 12.71 years. The commonest cli…

Viral haemorrhagic fever in children.

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are currently at the forefront of the world's attention due to the recent Zaire ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. This epidemic has highlighted the frailty of the world's public health response mechanisms and demonstrated the potential risks to nations around the world of imported cases of epidemic diseases. While imported cases in children are less likely, the potential for such a scenario remains. It is therefore essential that paediatricians are aware of and prepared for potential imported cases of tropical diseases, VHFs being of particular importance du…

Sadfly fever: two case reports.

Sandfly fever, also known as 'three-day fever' or 'pappataci fever' or 'Phlebotomus fever' is a viral infection that causes self-limited influenza-like symptoms and characterized by a rapid onset. The disease occurs commonly in endemic areas in summer months and especially in August during which sandflies are active. In this article, two siblings who presented with high fever, redness in the eyes, headache, weakness, malaise and inability to walk, who were found to have increased liver function tests and creatine kinase levels and who were diagnosed with sadfly fever with positive sadfly IgM a…

Zika virus and Zika fever.

An emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus named Zika virus (ZIKV), of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, is becoming a global health threat. ZIKV infection was long neglected due to its sporadic nature and mild symptoms. However, recently, with its rapid spread from Asia to the Americas, affecting more than 30 countries, accumulating evidences have demonstrated a close association between infant microcephaly and Zika infection in pregnant women. Here, we reviewed the virological, epidemiological, and clinical essentials of ZIKV infection.

Rhombencephalitis associated with Dengue fever.

Dengue infection is gradually disseminating throughout the world in alarming proportions. It is a arbovirus infection,transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. It is a multi-systemic disorder associated with varied neurological complications. There is increased trend of development of neurological complications in dengue fever. The neurological complications arising due to dengue infection can be categorized into central and neuromuscular complications. The central nervous system disorders reported with dengue fever are encephalopathy,encephalitis and myelitis.Here we report a case of rhombencephalitis…

[Fever with chemotherapy induced neutropenia].

Cancer patients under chemotherapy are at high risk for neutropenia. If fever occurs in this situation an oncologic emergency is underway. Patient should receive immediate basic diagnostic procedures and broad-spectrum antibiotics have to be initiated. Definition of febrile neutropenia (FN) encloses oral temperature of > 38.3 °C or two consecutive readings of > 38.0 °C one hour apart and an absolute neutrophil count of < 0.5 × 109/l. FN management requires immediate action and therefore needs patient education and standard operating procedures in the clinical setting. Treatment strategies depe…

Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and southeast Asia. Two typhoid vaccines are commercially available, Ty21a (oral) and Vi polysaccharide (parenteral), but neither is used routinely. Other vaccines, such as a new, modified, conjugated Vi vaccine called Vi-rEPA, are in development. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of vaccines used to prevent typhoid fever. SEARCH METHODS: In June 2013, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specia…

Нетипичные проявления лихорадки денге.

В период с 1 октября по 30 ноября 2013 года мы изучили данные о 40 пациентах (22 мальчика) с подтвержденной серологической точки зрения лихорадкой денге. Тяжелые денге были обнаружены в 30 странах, 12 из которых (30%) компенсировали шок. Наиболее распространенными нетипичными особенностями были спленомегалия (6,15%) и энцефалопатия (4,10%). Нетипичные проявления лихорадки денге чаще, чем сообщалось в прошлом.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
We reviewed case records of 40 in-patients (22 boys) with serologically confirmed dengue fever between 1st October and 30th November, 2013. Severe dengue was seen in 30, out of which 12 (30%) had compensated shock. Splenomegaly (6,15%) and encephalopathy (4,10%) were the commonest atypical features. Atypical manifestations of dengue fever were more common th…

Q fever in French Guiana.

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is present worldwide. Recent studies have shown that this bacterium is an emerging pathogen in French Guiana and has a high prevalence (24% of community-acquired pneumonia). In this review, we focus on the peculiar epidemiology of Q fever in French Guiana. We place it in the context of the epidemiology of the disease in the surrounding countries of South America. We also review the clinical features of Q fever in this region, which has severe initial presentation but low mortality rates. These characteristics seem to be linked to a unique geno…

Altered mental status and fever.

West Nile virus (WNV) is still the most common cause of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the USA with a case death of 10-30%. We are reporting a case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease, fibromyalgia treated with chronic steroid therapy that presented with a day history of fever, confusion and lethargy. She had a lumbar puncture which was notable for lymphocytosis and was positive for WNV. She initially was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, which were subsequently discontinued when the diagnosis of WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) was made. A high index of suspici…

[Therapy refractory polyarthritis and fever].

Primary manifestation of an autoinflammatory systemic disease was found in a 15-year-old patient, which initially ran a fulminant course. The course was first controlled by therapy with steroids and cyclosporin A. In the course of the disease, the patient developed a therapy refractory polyarthritis, which failed to respond to a combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. A good disease control could only be achieved with an interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockade and DMARDs.

Experimental therapies for yellow fever.

A number of viruses in the family Flaviviridae are the focus of efforts to develop effective antiviral therapies. Success has been achieved with inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis C, and there is interest in clinical trials of drugs against dengue fever. Antiviral therapies have also been evaluated in patients with Japanese encephalitis and West Nile encephalitis. However, no treatment has been developed against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite the availability of the live, attenuated 17D vaccine, thousands of cases of YF continue to occur each year in Africa …

Fulminant hepatitis in typhoid fever.

AIM: To report a patient with typhoid fever who presented with fulminant hepatitis and was found to have a co-infection with hepatitis A. CASE: An 11-year-old girl presented with fever and jaundice after arrival from India. Her blood culture was positive for Salmonella typhi. While on treatment with ceftriaxone, she had worsening of her jaundice with abrupt elevation of liver transaminases associated with coagulopathy. She was found to have an associated hepatitis A infection. Liver enzymes all reverted back to normal upon follow up. CONCLUSION: The association of typhoid fever with hepatiti…