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Phenformin increases early hematopoietic progenitors in the Jak2V617F murine model.

BACKGROUND: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are disorders characterized by an alteration at the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) level, where the JAK2 mutation is the most common genetic alteration found in classic MPN (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis). We and others previously demonstrated that metformin reduced splenomegaly and platelets counts in peripheral blood in JAK2V617F pre-clinical MPN models, which highlighted the antineoplastic potential of biguanides for MPN treatment. Phenformin is a biguanide that has been used to treat diabetes, but was w

MicroRNA-211 attenuates cell proliferation in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma through targeting TCF12.

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a class of highly aggressive hematologic neoplasms originating from progenitor T-lymphocytes. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous RNA molecule with 22 nucleotides in length. Accumulated evidence suggests that miRNA functions as a key regulator in human cancer. Herein, by in silico analysis, we found that miR-211 was a decreased miRNA in T-LBL in high-throughput sequencing data, which was subsequently verified in our cohort. Low miR-211 was closely correlated with bulky disease, high ann arbor stage, relapse and poor prognosis. miR-211 was regulated by N6-…

Diagnostic, Clinical and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Scenarios in Cancer Patients with SARS-CoV-2: Retrospective Analysis in Three German Cancer Centers.

Oncologists face challenges in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infections and post-SARS-CoV-2 cancer treatment. We analyzed diagnostic, clinical and post-SARS-CoV-2 scenarios in patients from three German cancer centers with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sixty-three patients with SARS-CoV-2 and hematologic or solid neoplasms were included. Thirty patients were initially asymptomatic, 10 of whom developed COVID-19 symptoms subsequently. Altogether 20 (32%) patients were asymptomatic, 18 (29%) had mild, 12 (19%) severe and 13 (20%) critical courses. Lymphocytopenia increased risk of severe

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… Our patient cohort encompassed the whole spectrum of solid and hematological neoplasms as well as cancer treatment modalities in outpatient and inpatient care settings. … Particularly, patients with hematologic neoplasms were more prone to develop a critical COVID-19 course (25%) which could be explained by a stronger immune dysregulation due to underlying disease and/or applied cancer treatment modalities. …

Coexistence of JAK2 or CALR mutation is a rare but clinically important event in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

INTRODUCTION: There are 7 designated conditions under the category of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and classical MPN, that is, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Recently, reports about Philadelphia and JAK2 V617F-positive MPN cases have been described in literature. The coexistence of different molecular defects may change the clinical and laboratory manifestation of MPN and may result in an inappropriate interpretation of the response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in CML

Treatment Outcomes in CML Patients Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has become one of the most treatable hematologic neoplasms since the advent of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but it was not known if similar treatment outcomes could be achieved in a resource-limited country. We tested the hypothesis that, despite challenges to access to second-generation TKIs, excellent responses could be replicated in the setting of limited resources. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 58 patients with newly diagnosed CML in the chronic phase treated with TKIs at a tertiary teaching hospital in Cape Town, South Africa betwee…

High-dose caspofungin as a component of combination antifungal therapy in 91 patients with neoplastic diseases and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a critical review of short-term and long-term adverse events.

The antifungal activity of echinocandins is concentration dependent. Previously, we demonstrated that high-dose caspofungin (HD-CSP; 100 mg … inemia may pose a potential limitation for continued HD-CSP use in highly susceptible patients with hematologic neoplasms and stem cell transplantation.

Correlations between Janus kinase 2 V617F allele burdens and clinicohematologic parameters in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated potential correlations between the allele burden of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation and clinicohematologic characteristics in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). METHODS: Clinical and hematologic features were reviewed for 103 MPN patients, including patients with polycythemia vera (PV, 22 patients), essential thrombocythemia (ET, 64 patients), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF, 17 patients). JAK2 V617F allele status and allele burdens were measured by allele-specific PCR and pyrosequencing, respectively. RESULTS: The JAK2 V617F mutation w

Cutaneous infiltration by cancer.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous infiltration by cancer has been reported to occur in 0.7% to 9% of all patients with malignant neoplasms and is usually considered a late event in the evolution of most visceral carcinomas. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological features of cutaneous infiltration by cancer. METHODS: All biopsy specimens codified as cutaneous infiltration by cancer between 1988 and 2005 were retrieved. Patients with hematologic malignancies were excluded. The clinical charts of the patients were reviewed to obtain additional information. RESULTS: In all, 381 patients (136 male an

Canine hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

Ten dogs with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver were selected for inclusion in the study. Clinical signs were anorexia (7), vomiting (5), polydipsia/polyuria (3), icterus (2), lethargy (2), weight loss (2), paresis (1), ataxia (1), weakness (1), collapse (1), and urinary tract infection (1). Hematologic and biochemical abnormalities included anemia (2/8), leukocytosis (4/8), high liver enzyme activity (serum alkaline phosphatase, 7/9; alanine transaminase, 7/9; aspartate transaminase, 8/9), and high total bilirubin (6/9). Grossly, the tumors were diffuse, involving all liver lobes in six d

A prospective pilot study to evaluate a new dental assessment and treatment paradigm for patients scheduled to undergo intensive chemotherapy for cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy frequently undergo pretherapy dental treatment to eliminate potential sources of odontogenic infection. A prospective study was conducted to assess a new protocol emphasizing minimal pretherapy dental treatment. METHODS: Forty-eight consecutive patients diagnosed with solid or hematologic neoplasms underwent dental examination prior to intensive chemotherapy. All chronic dental pathology was scored as either mild-to-moderate or severe based on the likelihood of conversion to an acute state during chemotherapy. No pretherapy dental treatme…

Involvement of the larynx by hemopoietic neoplasms. An investigation of autopsy cases and review of the literature.

Involvement of the larynx by hemopoietic tumors is generally considered a rare event and little is known about the associated clinicopathologic features. Laryngeal tissue removed at autopsy from 14 patients with known disseminated hematologic malignancies and at operation from one patient with multicentric malignant lymphoma of low-grade malignancy (MALToma) of the head and neck region was investigated. A systematic survey of the main clinicopathologic features of the published cases of hemopoietic tumors with laryngeal involvement was also performed. Primary involvement of the larynx by hemop

Treatment and prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal complaints.

Ninety-eight patients (48 male, 50 female; age median, 56 years; range, 25-85 years) with solid tumors (21 breast cancers, 6 sarcomas, 2 colorectal cancers, 1 pancreatic carcinoma, 1 hypernephroma, and 1 lung cancer) and hematologic neoplasms (24 multiple myelomas, 32 lymphomas, and 10 myeloproliferative syndromes) were recruited into the study. The patients received at least three cycles of chemotherapy with alkylating substances, anthracyclines, antimetabolites, and vinca alkaloids, with or without corticosteroids. A total of 325 cycles of chemotherapy were administered. The symptoms were ev…

The role of presepsin in pediatric patients with oncological and hematological diseases experiencing febrile neutropenia.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) represents one of the main complications of pediatric patients with oncological and hematological diseases. In these patients, it is crucial to identify bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate presepsin as an early biomarker of bacterial infections during FN. We compared patients with oncological and hematological diseases and a 2:1 age-matched healthy control group. In the FN group, we evaluated 4 biomarkers, namely, C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL6) and presepsin at the onset of fever (T0) and 48 h after T0 (T1). In

Application of precision medicine in clinical routine in haematology-Challenges and opportunities.

Precision medicine is revolutionising patient care in cancer. As more knowledge is gained about the impact of specific genetic lesions on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response, diagnostic precision and the possibility for optimal individual treatment choice have improved. Identification of hallmark genetic aberrations such as the BCR::ABL1 gene fusion in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) led to the rapid development of efficient targeted therapy and molecular follow-up, vastly improving survival for patients with CML during recent decades. The assessment of translocations, copy number chan

Abscess-forming neutrophilic dermatosis: report of three cases associated with hemopathies.

BACKGROUND: The development of different types of neutrophilic dermatosis is reported to occur in the course of malignant hemopathies. These concern mainly Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema elevatum et diutinum and neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. OBSERVATIONS: We have recently encountered the cases of 3 patients who presented all with multiple acneiform papules and dome-shaped aseptic abscesses leaving scars. Pus was sterile in all except case 3 in which slight Staphylococcus aureus growth was shown. However, in this patient, only steroids were effective demonstrating that t

Understanding the evolving role of early palliative care in myelodysplastic syndromes: a 2026 narrative review.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of blood cancers characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms and varying impacts on quality of life (QoL). Although the integration of early PC care has long been recognized as an essential part of comprehensive management for patients with solid tumors, experience in the context of MDS is still limited. However, symptom control, QoL, advanced care planning goals, the reduction of aggressive therapies, intensive care use, including intubation before death, and resource use in the end-of-life (EOL) phase are critical issues t

Effects of Conventional and Ozonated Autohemotherapy as Adjuvant Treatment in Dogs with Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT).

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm affecting dogs, commonly treated with vincristine sulfate, although this protocol may be associated with adverse effects and the need for multiple therapeutic sessions. In this context, adjuvant therapies have been investigated to optimize clinical outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of conventional and ozonated autohemotherapy on the number of chemotherapy sessions required to achieve complete remission of TVT. Fifteen dogs with a confirmed diagnosis were randomly allocated into three groups: control (vincristine, n = 5), conve

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia, version 2.0.

Acute leukemia is a hematologic malignancy that affects people of all ages. Immunotherapies, including T-cell engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies have contributed to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia. Combined with advancements in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and targeted therapy development, patients with acute leukemia have additional effective treatment options, providing the possibility of long-term remission. However, these advances have resulted in a complex and dynamic treatment landscape for

Management of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: An Integrative Approach.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are chronic blood cancers characterized by overproduction of blood cells, leading to increased thrombotic and ischemic risk. Patients frequently experience symptoms including fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and complications from thrombotic events, which significantly impact the quality of life (QoL). Many patients inquire about complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) approaches, including nutritional interventions and supplements, creating opportunities for healthcare providers to engage in meaningful discussions guided by the principle of safety. This

A current update of the development of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy and kidney disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has marked a historic milestone for its remission rates in relapsed/refractory hematological neoplasms. Despite favorable efficacy outcomes, CAR T-cells are associated with potentially severe early and late complications, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, acute kidney injury (AKI), cytopenias and infections. RECENT FINDINGS: AKI is a common complication that normally manifests during the first week following infusion and typically shows recovery within the first month. The risk factors for AKI development