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Advancing system and policy changes for social and racial justice: comparing a Rural and Urban Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership in the U.S.

BACKGROUND: The paper examines the role of community-based participatory research (CBPR) within the context of social justice literature and practice. METHODS: Two CBPR case studies addressing health inequities related to Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease were selected from a national cross-site study assessing effective academic-community research partnerships. One CBPR partnership works with African Americans in rural Pemiscot County, Missouri and the other CBPR partnership works with African American and Latinos in urban South Bronx, New York City. Data collection included semi-st

Residential and Transplant Center Neighborhood Segregation and Live Donor Liver Transplant.

IMPORTANCE: Neighborhood segregation, a mechanism of structural racism, is associated with racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and outcomes. Live donor liver transplant (LDLT) is the ideal treatment for cirrhosis, improving survival and quality of life. Understanding the role of segregation in LDLT access is important to address disparities. OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between residential and transplant center neighborhood segregation and LDLT access. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used data from a US national transplant registry on adult candi…

Longitudinal Changes in Epigenetic Age Acceleration Across Childhood and Adolescence.

IMPORTANCE: Individuals exposed to discrimination may exhibit greater epigenetic age acceleration (ie, cellular indicators of premature agin … E: The transition from childhood to adolescence may represent a sensitive developmental period when racism can have long-term deleterious impacts on healthy human development across the life span. Future research should build on the present study and interrogate which social regularities and policies may be perpetuating discrimination against ethnically …

Telehealth vs In-Clinic Medication Abortion Provision.

IMPORTANCE: In states that restrict abortion provision, residents rely on telehealth medication abortion (teleMAB) or travel out of state fo … ldren, were living farther from an abortion facility, and represented populations facing structural racism and long-documented barriers to abortion care compared with in-clinic patients, particularly in abortion-restrictive states. A higher number of patients at lower gestational age received telehealth than in-clinic services, suggesting more convenient …

Association of Area Deprivation Index with perinatal and COVID-19 outcomes during the early pandemic: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood-level deprivation and perinatal outcomes, particularly preterm birth, … -2-positive at any point in pregnancy. Finally, we stratified patients by race to determine whether racism further impacted outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, preterm birth, and gestational age at delivery. RESULTS: 306 patients were included: 124 in the low ADI group and 182 in the highest ADI group. Baseline characteristics differed between groups, inc …

Gaze-Induced Optic Nerve Head Deformations Are Greater in High Myopia and Strains Increase With Axial Length.

IMPORTANCE: Nonpharmacologic treatments are important for managing chronic pain among persons with opioid use disorder (OUD), for whom opioid and other pharmacologic therapies may be particularly harmful. Racial and ethnic minority individuals with chronic pain and OUD are vulnerable to suboptimal pain management due to systemic inequities and structural racism, highlighting the need to understand their receipt of guideline-recommended nonpharmacologic pain therapies, including physical therapy (PT) and chiropractic care. OBJECTIVE: To assess differences across racial and ethnic groups in rec…

Association of Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition and Historical Redlining With Built Environment Indicators Derived From Street View Images in the US.

IMPORTANCE: Racist policies (such as redlining) create inequities in the built environment, producing racially and ethnically segregated com … provide novel insights on racial and ethnic health inequities. Quantifying the impact of structural racism on social determinants of health is one step toward developing policies and interventions to create equitable built environment resources.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and obstetrical outcomes in a predominantly Black-identifying and low-income pregnant population.

BACKGROUND: Recent literature indicates that adverse childhood experiences have been associated with poor obstetrical outcomes, including pr … core, underscoring the high burden of childhood trauma on populations facing long-standing systemic racism and barriers to healthcare access. High and very high adverse childhood experience score may be associated with chronic health conditions that predate pregnancy and can alter obstetrical outcomes. Obstetrical care providers have a unique opportunity …

Risk of delivery complications among pregnant people experiencing housing insecurity.

BACKGROUND: Housing insecurity is increasingly being recognized as an important social determinant of health. Pregnant individuals experiencing housing insecurity may represent a particularly vulnerable subset of this population, but few studies have examined this population nationally. In particular, racial and ethnic minority individuals may be at risk for poor outcomes within this group because of structural racism and discrimination. The introduction of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes related to social determinants of heal…

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Transgender Men and Nonbinary Assigned Female at Birth Young Adults in the United States: a National Study.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause a major burden of disease in the United States (US)-especially among structurally m … onceptualized as a system of structural inequality that shapes individuals' and groups' exposure to racism-and lifetime and past-year STI testing among transgender men and nonbinary AFAB US young adults aged 18-30 years with at least one-lifetime sexual partner (N = 378). RESULTS: Approximately 74% of participants had received an STI test in their lifet …

The Dose Response Effects of Digital HIV Care Navigation on Mental Health and Viral Suppression Among Young People Living With HIV: Single-Arm, Prospective Study With a Pre-Post Design.

BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has revealed considerable disparities in health among sexual and gender minorities of color within the Unites States, disproportionately affecting cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and trans women. Social inequities further disadvantage those with intersectional identities through homophobia, antitrans discrimination, and racism, shaping not only those at risk for HIV infection but also HIV prevention and care outcomes. Digital interventions have great potential to address barriers and improve HIV care among cisgender MSM and trans women; however, efficacy …

Multiple types of harassment: associations with emotional well-being and unhealthy behaviors in adolescents.

PURPOSE: To explore relationships between harassment (i.e., race-, weight-, socioeconomic-status (SES)-based, and sexual) and health-related outcomes, including self-esteem, depressive symptoms, body satisfaction, substance use, and self-harm behavior, among diverse adolescents. METHOD: Cross-sectional analysis using data from a population-based study of adolescents participating in Eating and Activity in Teens 2010 (EAT 2010) (n = 2,793; mean age = 14.4 years). Sample was socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse (81% racial/ethnic minority; 54% low or low-middle income). RESULTS: H

Inequity in Cardio-Oncology: Identifying Disparities in Cardiotoxicity and Links to Cardiac and Cancer Outcomes.

Minority and underresourced communities experience disproportionately high rates of fatal cancer and cardiovascular disease. The intersection of these disparities within the multidisciplinary field of cardio-oncology is in critical need of examination, given the risk of perpetuating health inequities in the growing vulnerable population of patients with cancer and cardiovascular disease. This review identifies 13 cohort studies and 2 meta-analyses investigating disparate outcomes in treatment-associated cardiotoxicity and situates these data within the context of oncologic disparities, preexis

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Forces of structural racism as well as other forms of racism, including interpersonal, are known to have downstream effects that modulate social determinants of health and perpetuate social, economic, and health inequities in general as well as cardiovascular health. 13 , 14 , 46 , 47 However, racism … Racism and cancer care: a call for recognition and reform . Oncologist . 2020 ; 25 : 729 . doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0752 32803844 PMC7485340 37 Speaking up against inequity and racism . …

Health Equity Among Black Women in the United States.

Black women in the United States have experienced substantial improvements in health during the last century, yet health disparities persist. These health disparities are in large part a reflection of the inequalities experienced by Black women on a host of social and economic measures. In this paper, we examine the structural contributors to social and economic conditions that create the landscape for persistent health inequities among Black women. Demographic measures related to the health status and health (in)equity of Black women are reviewed. Current rates of specific physical and mental

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Racism and gender discrimination have profound impacts on the well-being of Black women. … Is racism a fundamental cause of inequalities in health? Annu Rev Sociol 2015 ; 41 : 311 – 330 …

Trends and Patterns in Hypertension-Related Deaths: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Data.

Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, including the deve … HTN rates and poorer outcomes, including disadvantaged neighborhoods, structural discrimination and racism, and limited access to healthcare. The study found that African Americans are likely to be diagnosed with HTN earlier in life with higher HTN-related mortality than Whites, and with 50% increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Continuous …

Alert: the dark side of chats--internet without boundaries.

The web has some unique advantages: It eliminates barriers of space and time; information flows quicker and is more accessible to all; the markets are more effective; community and interpersonal communication is more evolved. However, the web is also anonymous, without supervision, freedom of speech is exploited, minors and other web users are exploited, racism and prejudice are encouraged. These manifestations of violence not only hurt many people but actually pose a threat to the existence of the web as a place for exchanging ideas and thoughts, as a tool for relaying messages in a liberal a…

Addressing racial inequality and its effects on vaccination rate: A trial comparing a pharmacist and peer educational program (MOTIVATE) in diverse older adults.

BACKGROUND: The mortality, morbidity, health care utilization, and cost attributable to vaccine-preventable diseases are substantial for those aged 50 years and older. Although vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy to prevent common infectious diseases in older adults, vaccination rates remain below US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention benchmarks, especially among racial minorities. Historical mistrust, structural racism within the US medical system, and misinformation contributed to lower immunization rates among minorities, especially Black Americans. To address the critic…

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Peripheral artery disease is an obstructive, atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities causing significant morbidity and mortality. Black Americans are disproportionately affected by this disease while they are also less likely to be diagnosed and promptly treated. The consequences of this disparity can be grim as Black Americans bear the burden of lower extremity amputation resulting from severe peripheral artery disease. The risk factors of peripheral artery disease and how they differentially affect certain groups are discussed in addition to a review of pharmacological and nonpharma

Effect of Values Affirmation on Reducing Racial Differences in Adherence to Hypertension Medication: The HYVALUE Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Stereotype threat, or the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group, may contribute to racial differences in adherence to medications by decreasing patient activation to manage chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a values affirmation writing exercise improves medication adherence and whether the effect differs by patient race. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Hypertension and Values trial, a patient-level, blinded randomized clinical trial, compared an intervention and a control writing exercise delivered immediately prior to a clinic a

Multilevel Factors Associated With Time to Biopsy After Abnormal Screening Mammography Results by Race and Ethnicity.

IMPORTANCE: Diagnostic delays in breast cancer detection may be associated with later-stage disease and higher anxiety, but data on multilev … entirely account for differences in time to breast biopsy, but unmeasured factors, such as systemic racism and other health care system factors, may impact timely diagnosis.