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Одинокая панкреатическая эксклюзивная плазмоцитома, диагностированная через эндоскопическую ультразвуковую биопсию с тонкой неё - роль эндоскопической диагностики и многодисциплинарного подхода: тематический доклад и обзор литературы.

Фон и клиническая значимость: Первичная поджелудочная экстрамеуллярная плазменная цитома (ЭМП) крайне необычная, на которую приходится менее 0,1% всех поджелудочных масс, и которая является гораздо более редкой, чем вторичное участие основной миеломы. Презентация дела: 69-летний мужчина был найден с одиночной поджелудочной массой. Эндоскопический ультразвуковой (EUS) наводящий тонкую биопсию (FNB) выявил моноклональное плазмоциклическое распространение с молекулярно подтвержденными KRAS (A146V) и BRAF (G469V) мутации. Многодисциплинарная оценка исключила вторичную локализацию, что привело к ок

Dabrafenib plus trametinib in BRAFV600E-mutated rare cancers: the phase 2 ROAR trial.

BRAFV600E alterations are prevalent across multiple tumors. Here we present final efficacy and safety results of a phase 2 basket trial of dabrafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor) plus trametinib (MEK inhibitor) in eight cohorts of patients with BRAFV600E-mutated advanced rare cancers: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n = 36), biliary tract cancer (n = 43), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1), adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (n = 3), low-grade glioma (n = 13), high-grade glioma (n = 45), hairy cell leukemia (n = 55) and multiple myeloma (n = 19). The primary endpoint of investigator-assessed o

Deciphering and targeting oncogenic pathways through integrated approaches and amino acid metabolism in hematologic malignancies.

Hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, represent a diverse group of blood cancers driven by complex oncogenic pathways and genetic aberrations. Despite advances in treatment, resistance and relapse remain significant clinical challenges. This review presents an integrative approach to blood cancer therapy, highlighting the convergence of precision medicine, CRISPR-based gene editing, immunotherapy (including CAR-T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors), and targeted modulation of amino acid metabolism. We investigate the molecular pathways driving tumour

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… RAS is then activated, leading to downstream RAF kinases, ARAF, BRAF, or CRAF. Activated RAF then phosphorylates and activates MEK1/2. MEK1/2 then phosphorylates ERK1/2 and promotes ERK nuclear translocation. …

Future Options of Molecular-Targeted Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With a focus on histology, there are two major subtypes: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (the more frequent subtype), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (the more aggressive one). Even though SCLC, in general, is a chemosensitive malignancy, relapses following induction therapy are frequent. The standard of care treatment of SCLC consists of platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with etoposide that is subsequently enhanced by PD-L1-inhibiting atezolizumab in the extensive-stage disease, as the addition of immune-checkp

Recent Advances in the Applications of Small Molecules in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic neoplasm of plasma cells, has undergone remarkable changes over the past 25 years. Small molecules (molecular weight of less than one kDa), together with newer immunotherapies that include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and most recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, have combined to double the disease's five-year survival rate to over 50% during the past few decades. Despite these advances, the disease is still considered incurable, and its treatment continues to pose substantial challenges, since therapeutic refra

Defining the Role of Oral Pathway Inhibitors as Targeted Therapeutics in Arteriovenous Malformation Care.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular malformations that are prone to rupturing and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in relatively young patients. Conventional treatment options such as surgery and endovascular therapy often are insufficient for cure. There is a growing body of knowledge on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of AVM development and maintenance, making the future of precision medicine a real possibility for AVM management. Here, we review the pathophysiology of AVM development across various cell types, with a focus on current and potential druggable

Research Progress on Chinese Herbal Medicine Components Targeting Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy.

Recent studies indicate that ferroptosis shows unique advantages in oncotherapy, particularly in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR). Despite current therapeutic advancements, the treatment of high-incidence malignancies with dismal prognoses continues to face challenges, including limited clinical efficacy, significant side effects, and drug resistance. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has gained increasing attention in anti-tumor therapy. CHM bioactive components are highly effective in inducing tumor cell ferroptosis, inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration, and reversin

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid cancers represent about 1% of all human cancers. Differentiate thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), papillary and follicular cancers, are the most frequent forms, instead Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) is estimated to comprise 1-2% of thyroid malignancies and it accounts for 14-39% of thyroid cancer deaths. The annual incidence of ATC is about one to two cases/million, with the overall incidence being higher in Europe (and area of endemic goiter) than in USA. ATC has a more complex genotype than DTCs, with chromosomal aberrations present in 85-100% of cases. A small number of gene mutations

Cancer-Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Latest Advances in Prevention and Treatment.

The increasing efficacy of cancer therapies has significantly improved survival rates, but it has also highlighted the prevalence of cancer-therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the identification, monitoring, and management of CTRCD, a condition resulting from several treatments, such as anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies, target therapies, and radiotherapy. The paper includes a discussion of the mechanisms of CTRCD associated with various cancer treatments. Early detection through serum biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques is

Протеин тиросин фосфатаза-рецептор типа каппа (ПТПРК) вернулся к рассмотрению: развивающееся понимание структуры, функций и патологии.

Protein Tyrosine Phosphataze Type Cappa (PTPRK) — мембранная тиросина фосфатаза, кодируемая часто удаляемой областью хромосомы 6q, которая играет ключевую роль в регулировании сигнала, сцепления и иммунной реакции клеток. Структурно PTPRK включает внеклеточную область, связанную с сцеплением клеток, область трансмембрана и две внутриклеточные каталитические области, ответственные за фосфатазу. В частности, PTPRK подвергается протеолитическому декольте с помощью Furin и ADAM10, в результате чего образуется внеклеточная подгруппа E и подгруппа P. Дальнейшая обработка с помощью β-Secretasa выпуск

Heterogeneity in precision oncology.

Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving concept that holds great promise in cancer treatment. However, a cancer complexity attributed to genomic and acquired tumour heterogeneity limits treatment effectiveness and increases toxicity. These limitations refer to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy, which are two mainstays of non-invasive cancer treatment. By understanding cancer heterogeneity and utilising advanced tools to personalise treatment strategies, precision oncology has the potential to revolutionise cancer care. In this article, we review the current status of precision oncology

Aminoquinolines as Translational Models for Drug Repurposing: Anticancer Adjuvant Properties and Toxicokinetic-Related Features.

The indiscriminate consumption of antimalarials against coronavirus disease-2019 emphasizes the longstanding clinical weapons of medicines. In this work, we conducted a review on the antitumor mechanisms of aminoquinolines, focusing on the responses and differences of tumor histological tissues and toxicity related to pharmacokinetics. This well-defined analysis shows similar mechanistic forms triggered by aminoquinolines in different histological tumor tissues and under coexposure conditions, although different pharmacological potencies also occur. These molecules are lysosomotropic amines th

Novel Indications for Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, beyond Hematological Malignancies.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical terminal enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway. BTK activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain B-cell malignancies. Targeting this pathway has emerged as a novel target in B-cell malignancies, of which ibrutinib is the first-in-class agent. A few other BTK inhibitors (BTKi) are also under development (e.g., acalabrutinib). While the predominant action of BTKi is the blockade of B-cell receptor pathway within malignant B-cells, increasing the knowledge of off-target effects as well as a potential role for B-cells in p

Targeting NETosis: nature's alarm system in cancer progression.

Neutrophils are recognized active participants in inflammatory responses and are intricately linked to cancer progression. In response to inflammatory stimuli, neutrophils become activated, releasing neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) for the capture and eradication of pathogens, a phenomenon termed NETosis. With a deeper understanding of NETs, there is growing evidence supporting their role in cancer progression and their involvement in conferring resistance to various cancer therapies, especially concerning tumor reactions to chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT), and immunotherapy. This

The Application of Artificial Intelligence and Drug Repositioning for the Identification of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Review.

Artificial intelligence talks about modeling intelligent behavior through a computer with the least human involvement. Drug repositioning techniques based on artificial intelligence accelerate the research process and decrease the cost of experimental studies. Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors as the tyrosine kinase family of receptors plays a vital role in a wide range of malignancies. Because of their functional significance, they were considered promising drug targets for the therapy of various cancers. This review has summarized small molecules capable of inhibiting

The role of cholesterol metabolism in leukemia.

Leukemia is a common hematological malignancy with overall poor prognosis. Novel therapies are needed to improve the outcome of leukemia patients. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is a featured alteration in leukemia. Many metabolic-related genes and metabolites are essential to the progress and drug resistance of leukemia. Exploring potential therapeutical targets related to cholesterol homeostasis is a promising area. This review summarized the functions of cholesterol and its derived intermediate metabolites, and also discussed potential agents targeting this metabolic vulnerability in

Targeting the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase for Cancer Prevention and Therapy.

Despite the advances in biomedical research and clinical applications, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Given the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutics, including serious toxicities and reduced quality of life for patients, the development of safe and efficacious alternatives with known mechanism of action is much needed. Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention may hold promise and has been investigated extensively in the recent years. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that plays a key role in the regulation of protein and lipid metabol

Yttrium-90 resin microspheres as an adjunct to sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

PurposeThe safety and efficacy of the combined use of sorafenib and yttrium-90 resin microspheres (Y90 RMS) to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well established. We determined the incidence of adverse events with this combination therapy in patients with advanced HCC at our institution and analyzed the treatment and survival outcomes.Materials and methodsWe reviewed the records of 19 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer class B or C HCC who underwent treatment with Y90 RMS (for 21 sessions) while receiving full or reduced doses of sorafenib between January 2008 and M

Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly

Analysis of medical malpractice liability disputes related to novel antineoplastic drugs and research on risk prevention and control strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the general characteristics of litigation cases of medical malpractice liability disputes (MMLDs) related to novel antineoplastic drugs (NADs), the drugs involved, as well as the common types of medical errors related to NADs and their damages in the process of diagnosis and treatment, with the aims of improving the level of rational medication use in the clinical application of NADs and actively prevent medical disputes. METHODS: The China Judgments Online was searched for the cause of action using the key word "MMLDs" along with the name of 77 kinds of NADs. A tota