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Virus-dependent mortality in Rift Valley fever, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and chikungunya virus-inoculated mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae.

The effect of inoculation of mosquito larvae with Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus on survival to the adult stage was evaluated in Aedes aegypt … s also poor survival to the adult stage of Ae. taeniorhynchus inoculated with either eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) or chikungunya (CHIK) virus. The high mortality rates observed under laboratory conditions of pupae derived from larvae inoculated with either RVF, EEE, or CHIK virus may be responsible for the lack of laboratory confirmation of vertical trans …

Chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Myelin basic protein induces suppression of blastogenesis during remissions but not during exacerbations.

Previous work from this laboratory has shown that resistance to acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) correlates with disease-specific, antigen-induced suppression of blastogenesis in vitro. We now report that this suppression in vitro also occurs during remissions in animals with chronic-relapsing EAE. Hartley strain guinea pigs were injected with an homogenate of guinea pig spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce EAE or, for control purposes, with CFA alone. Animals injected with spinal cord homogenate developed EAE. Susceptible animals displayed up to 3 exa…

[Activity and properties of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase induced in cell cultures infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus].

The activity and properties of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase in cells infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus were studied. The maximum activity of the enzyme was found 4-5 hours after infection. The effect of two synthetic drugs (rimantadine and diacetylaminocyclohexenon) with antiviral activity against some viruses on RNA-polymerase was studied. Rimantadine was shown to have no effect on the synthesis and activity of the enzyme. Diacetylaminocyclohexenon added into the growth medium was found to inhibit production of RNA-polymerase by 35-40% without reducing the activity of th…

Gut Microbiota-Derived Indole-3-Acetaldehyde Contributes to the Disease-Alleviating Effects of Kurarinone in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system autoimmune disease primarily driven by Th1 and Th17 cells, whose onset and progression are closely associated with gut microbiota. Kurarinone (KU), an active component from Radix Sophora Flavescens, exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and gut microbiota-modulating properties. However, whether KU alleviates MS severity via a gut microbiota-mediated mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that KU ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-an animal model of MS-by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly via …

Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning Reveals Myalgic Encephalomyelitis-Associated Biomolecular Signatures at Rest and After Standardized Stress.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is characterized by profound fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), and cognitive dysfunction. Despite its clinical significance, the pathophysiology of PEM and disease heterogeneity remain unclear, and no validated biomarkers are available for rapid diagnosis or monitoring. We aimed to develop a screening approach combining label-free Raman spectroscopy (RS) and machine learning modeling (ML) to detect biomolecular changes in blood plasma and differentiate patients with ME from sedentary healthy controls. Blood plasma was collected from 115 patients with ME and…

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Successful Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Treatment After SARS-CoV-2 Infection-A Case Report.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex neuroimmunological disorder characterized by disabling symptoms that are often difficult to manage. More recently, in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, potential pathophysiological overlaps and disease modulation have been hypothesized. Our successful case highlights the need to investigate novel therapeutic approaches, including plasma exchange.

REenergizeME: intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia treatment for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic, disabling condition characterised by post-exertional malaise (PEM), autonomic dysfunction and markedly reduced quality of life. Its prevalence has increased following the COVID-19 pandemic, yet no effective disease-modifying treatments are available and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence implicates immune-metabolic dysregulation, impaired energy metabolism, vascular dysfunction and altered oxygen handling. Intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia treatment (IHHT) is a non-pharmacological intervention prop…

A cardiometabolic perspective on post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long COVID.

Post-exertional malaise (PEM), the defining feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), is increasingly recognized in individuals with Long COVID. Although traditionally viewed as symptom exacerbation and/or emergence of new symptoms following exertion, PEM may reflect disrupted coordination across interconnected physiological systems operating over distinct post-exertional timescales. Such disruption may result in altered post-exertional physiological trajectories that contribute to multisystem manifestations and potential cardiometabolic consequences. This perspec…

Alphavirus madariaga-associated encephalomyelitis in equines from the Brazilian Pantanal reveals arbovirus circulation in a peri-urban environment.

Alphavirus madariaga (MADV), a member of the eastern equine encephalitis virus complex, is an emerging arbovirus in South America, with limited information regarding its occurrence and molecular characterization in equine populations. This study reports the detection and genetic characterization of MADV in equines from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Two horses presenting acute neurological disease with a clinical course of approximately two days were evaluated. Histopathological examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. Molecular screening for neurotropic viruses using T…

The potential therapeutic approaches targeting gut health in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): a narrative review.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disorder characterized by persistent fatigue and cognitive impairments, with emerging evidence highlighting the role of gut health in its pathophysiology. The main objective of this review was to synthesize qualitative and quantitative data from research examining the gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers, and therapeutic outcomes of interventions targeting the microbiome in the context of ME/CFS. METHODS: The data collection involved a detailed search of peer-reviewed English literature from Janua…

Variation in Repeated Handgrip Strength Testing Indicates Submaximal Force Production in Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Changes in handgrip strength have recently been adapted as clinical biomarkers for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) under the assumption of a disease-specific peripheral neuromuscular dysfunction. However, some have proposed that strength impairments in ME/CFS are better explained by alterations in higher-order motor control. In serial measurements, exertion can been assessed through analysis of variation, since maximal voluntary contractions exhibit lower coefficients of variation (CV) than submaximal contractions. METHODS: Serial handgrip strength meas…

Solriamfetol improves daily fatigue symptoms in adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome after 8 weeks of treatment.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term illness with no treatment options that address the disease directly. Solriamfetol is a selective dual norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor that promotes wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy. AIMS: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol for fatigue symptoms in adults with ME/CFS over 8 weeks of treatment. METHODS: This was a phase 4, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of solriamfetol in adults with ME/CFS. Eligible participants (N = 38) were rando…

Unravelling the clinical complexity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children: a comprehensive analysis.

We present four different cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) within the Indian paediatric population. It is important to recognise how a single disease can manifest in various ways. Here, we emphasise the role of immunosuppression in treating ADEM. In all four cases, treatment was initiated based on clinical suspicion, even before confirming the demyelinating cause through laboratory or radiological tests. The degree of immunosuppression employed varied depending on the complexity of each case and their response to treatment. Case 1 demonstrated significant improvement in vis…

Abnormal T-Cell activation and cytotoxic T-Cell frequency discriminate symptom severity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating but poorly-understood disease. ME/CFS symptoms include immune system effects alongside incapacitating fatigue and post-exertional disease exacerbation. Symptom severity can range from mild to severe and whilst symptoms can fluctuate, few people fully recover. METHODS: Immunological profiles of people living with ME/CFS were analysed by flow cytometry, focusing on cytotoxic cells, to determine whether people with mild/moderate (n = 43) or severe ME/CFS (n = 53) expressed different immunological markers. F…

Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and C4A deficiency: case-based review.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a fulminant inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, typically triggered by an aberrant immune response to infectious agents or vaccination. While ADEM is primarily observed in the pediatric population, it can also develop in adults; however, the precise host factors that increase susceptibility to ADEM remain poorly understood. Although ADEM has occasionally been reported in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we present, to our knowledge, the first documented case of multiphasic ADEM in a patient with m…

Retrospective Analysis of Central Nervous System Diseases in Dogs, with Special Focus on Non-Suppurative Encephalomyelitis (1962-2022).

Studies spanning decades provide important information about the epidemiology and occurrence of a broad range of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs. This study analyzed records and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CNS tissue samples from necropsied dogs with neuropathologic changes between 1962 and 2022. A total of 134,854 animals, including 20,117 dogs, were submitted for necropsy during this time span. Of these dogs, 2646 displayed alterations of the CNS. Degenerative and non-suppurative inflammatory lesions were the most common changes, accounting for 35.6%

Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, полученные из костного мозга, и их внеклеточные везиклозы подавляют активацию селеноцита и улучшают экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит.

Множественный склероз (MS) — нейродегенеративное и аутоиммунное заболевание, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему (КНС). В последнее время мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (МСЦ) и их внеклеточные везикла (ЭМ) были тщательно изучены в качестве потенциального метода лечения МУ. В этом исследовании мы изучили воздействие терапии с использованием ЭМ, полученных из мустурного костного мозга MSCs (BMSC-EVs), на распространение сленоцитов, частотность регулируемых Т клеток (Tregs) и секрецию цитокина у мышей, вызванную экспериментальным аутоиммунным энцефаломиэлитом (EAE), сравнивая эффекты с воз

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, mesenchymal stem … of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and cytokine secretion in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), comparing the effects with those of their parent cells. After inducing EAE in 30 mice, the animals were divided into three groups and treated with PBS, BMSCs, or BMSC-EVs. The mice were sacrificed on day 30 post-immunization, and their spleno …

High salt diet intake promotes the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by exacerbating neutrophil infiltration and microglial activation.

Although the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not fully known, environmental and lifestyle factors are considered significant risk factors for its development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Here, we found that dietary high salt (HS) intake significantly exacerbated the clinical scores of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE mice in the acute phase, but not in the chronic phase. During the acute phase of EAE, HS diet intake selectively promoted neutrophil infiltration into the spinal cord without affecting T cell, B cell,…