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Correlation of the ultrasound thyroid imaging reporting and data system with cytology findings among patients in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography is a noninvasive modality for the initial assessment of thyroid nodules. The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) has demonstrated good performance in differentiating malignant thyroid nodules. However, the combination of ACR TI-RADS categories and cytology has not been studied extensively, in Uganda. The study aims to correlate ACR TI-RADS with cytology among patients referred for US-guided fine-needle aspiration at Mulago National Referral Hospital. METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that recr…

Molecular Diversity of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus in Uganda and Relationships with Other Strains from Africa.

Rice yellow mottle virus disease, caused by Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), is the most important disease of lowland rice in Uganda. However, little is known about its genetic diversity in Uganda and relationships with other strains elsewhere across Africa. A new degenerate primer pair that targets amplification of the entire RYMV coat protein gene (circa 738 bp) was designed to aid virus variability analysis using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. A total of 112 rice leaf samples from plants with RYMV mottling symptoms were collected during the year 2022 in 35 lowland rice fields within Uganda. …

Prevalence and pattern of retinopathy of prematurity at two national referral hospitals in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children and an ROP epidemic is predicted this decade in sub-Saharan Africa. With the increasing survival rate of preterm babies in Uganda, and no data on ROP prevalence, there is a need to assess the burden of ROP to inform preventive strategies and targeted screening. METHODS: We conducted a two-center cross-sectional study of preterm (< 37 weeks gestational age) infants from the neonatal units of Kawempe National Referral Hospital (KNRH) and Mulago Specialised Women and Neonatal Hospital (MSWNH) from August 202…

Iron deficiency in whole blood donors in a resource-poor setting: A cross-sectional study in Uganda.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Blood donation is known to result in iron deficiency (ID), with a higher prevalence in females. There is little published data on the frequency of ID among blood donors in resource-poor settings. We determined the prevalence of ID in blood donors in Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study at the Uganda Blood Transfusion Service, Kampala from December 2021 to February 2022. A sample of 500 whole blood donors was enrolled. The evaluation included demographic characteristics, donation history, nutritional history, complete blood count, and seru…

Barriers and facilitators to maternal death surveillance and response at a busy urban National Referral Hospital in Uganda.

Background: Preventable maternal and newborn deaths remain a global concern, particularly in low- and- middle-income countries (LMICs) Timely maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) is a recommended strategy to account for such deaths through identifying contextual factors that contributed to the deaths to inform recommendations to implement in order to reduce future deaths. Implementation of MDSR is still suboptimal due to barriers such as inadequate skills and leadership to support MDSR. With the leadership of WHO and UNFPA, there is momentum to roll out MDSR, however, the barriers a

Prevalence, trends and distribution of lifestyle cancer risk factors in Uganda: a 20-year systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is becoming an important public health problem in Uganda. Cancer control requires surveillance of lifestyle risk factors to inform targeted interventions. However, only one national Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) risk factor survey has been conducted in Uganda. This review assessed the prevalence, trends and distribution of lifestyle risk factors in Uganda. METHODS: The review identified studies up to January 2019 by searching Medline, Embase, CINAL and Cochrane databases. Further literature was identified from relevant websites and journals; scanning reference lists of rel…

A comparative analysis of two national tuberculosis reporting systems and their impact on tuberculosis case notification in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Before 2018, the use of parallel tuberculosis (TB) reporting systems was resource intensive with duplication of efforts and hence the need to select one that contributed to better TB case notification at the National TB and Leprosy Program (NLTP) in Uganda. We sought to analyse the difference in reporting rates between the two systems in order to improve NTLP TB case notification rates, logistics management, and planning for better health service delivery initiatives. METHODS: We conducted a comparative study to assess TB case notification between the web-based DHIS2 and the distr…

Socio-economic and education related inequities in use of modern contraceptive in seven sub-regions in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Advocacy for equity in health service utilization and access, including Family Planning (FP) continues to be a cornerstone in increasing universal health coverage. Inequities in Family planning are highlighted by the differences in reproductive health outcomes or in the distribution of resources among different population groups. In this study we examine inequities in use of modern contraceptives with respect to Socio-economic and Education dimensions in seven sub-regions in Uganda. METHODS: The data were obtained from a baseline cross-sectional study in seven statistical regions …

An accident waiting to happen? Exposing the potential of urogenital schistosomiasis transmission in the Lake Albert region, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium is the most common form of that constitutes a majority of over 240 million schistosomiasis cases. The enigmatic absence of urogenital schistosomiasis in Uganda has, until now, been attributed to the absence of substantial populations of suitable snail intermediate hosts. METHODS: Malacological surveys were carried out in 73 sites southeast of Lake Albert, Uganda in October and November 2020. Collected snails were transported to the laboratory for identification. The snails were identified using …

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in pregnancy indicators in Northern Uganda: a joinpoint regression analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is both a risk factor for P. falciparum infection and development of severe malaria. In low- and middle-income countries, the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted health systems, including utilization of maternal services. This study aimed to assess trends in delivering malaria in pregnancy-related health-care services before and during COVID-19 in Northern Uganda. METHODS: An interrupted time-series study comparing pre-COVID-19 (January 2018 to April 2020) and COVID-19 (May to December 2021) periods, based on the date the first COVID case was detected. The study involved…

The impact of HIV infection on clinical presentation and mortality among persons with hepatocellular carcinoma in Kampala, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: HIV infection is associated with more rapid progression of some comorbidities. This study assessed the impact of HIV-infection on the presentation and outcome of HCC. METHODS: HCC patients attending the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda were enrolled into a natural history study of HCC between March 2015 and February 2019. Standardized methods were used to collect clinical, ultrasound and laboratory data at enrolment. HCC cases were confirmed and enrolled based on a combination of clinical, ultrasound, tumor marker and pathology data. Follow-up contact was made at one, t…

Обследование на основе широкого участия факторов риска и путей воздействия лихорадки долины Рифт в скотоводческих и агропастбищных общинах Уганды.

Для оценки знаний скотоводов и агропасториалистов о лихорадке Рифт-Вэлли (RVF) в период с января по февраль 2022 года в Напаке, Бутебо, Исингиро и Лянтонде, Уганда, были проведены эпидемиологические исследования с участием 215 скотоводов и 27 основных информаторов. Скотоводы во всех четырех округах были знакомы с РВФ и даже имели местные названия или описания. Пасторалисты и агропасторалисты обладали ценными знаниями о клинических характеристиках РВФ и таких эпидемиологических факторах риска, как наличие инфицированных комаров, проживание в районах, подверженных наводнениям, и чрезмерное колич

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
To assess pastoralists' and agropastoralists' knowledge on Rift Valley fever (RVF), participatory epidemiological studies were conducted with 215 livestock keepers and 27 key informants in Napak, Butebo, Isingiro and Lyantonde districts, Uganda, between January and February 2022. Livestock keepers in all four districts had knowledge of RVF and even had local…

Evaluation of a WASH/MNCH targeted primary health care program in Uganda; a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the impact of Maternal Newborn and child health (MNCH) and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions on skilled birth attendance (SBA) and neonatal sepsis remains unclear. We conducted this study in Amuru district to generate evidence. METHODS: A before-and-after study design was conducted. Interventions implemented included; training of HCWs, construction of WASH facilities, and health education of communities. A digitized structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on ANC and SBA, WASH practices and prevalence of pneumonia and diarrhea among 466 expecta

Burden and correlates of significant liver fibrosis among HIV-infected and uninfected adults in urban Uganda.

INTRODUCTION: Following chronic inflammation and other disease specific factors, the risk of liver disease is believed to be higher among HIV-infected patients than in the general population despite shared risk factors. Understanding this differentiated burden and its drivers will inform policy and priority populations for intervention. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study among 516 adults attending care clinics in Kampala Uganda. Significant liver fibrosis (SLF) was defined as liver stiffness measurement ≥7.2 KPa identified by Fibroscan®. Data analyses were stratified by HIV status and …

Implementation of UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in public and private schools in three districts of Uganda.

BACKGROUND: The study was grounded in the recent developments of implementing the United Nations Convention on the Right of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in schools in Uganda, leading to a renewed interest in the questionings about inclusive education. OBJECTIVES: The inclusive approach was evaluated in terms of: (1) how public or private schools in Uganda understand inclusive education; (2) how schools implement inclusive education under the influence of the UN Convention; and (3) what determines the course of action and school routine of private and state schools. METHODS: This explor…

The preference of women living with HIV for the HPV self-sampling of urine at a rural HIV clinic in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV have a double risk of acquiring cervical cancer (CC) due to repeated human papilloma virus (HPV) infections resulting from reduced immunity, with CC screening being low at 46.7%. OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors associated with the preference for HPV self-sampling using urine as well as establish its feasibility among women living with HIV attending a rural HIV clinic in Uganda. METHOD: A cross-sectional study design using quantitative data collection methods was used at the HIV clinic, Luweero District Hospital, among 426 women aged between 30 and 65 ye…

The Clinical Presentation and Factors Associated with Disease Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating disease that leads to joint destruction and disability if left untreated. Few studies on RA have been conducted in Uganda, and there is limited information on disease severity and associated factors. This study sought to characterize the clinical presentation and to determine disease severity and the factors associated with disease severity among participants with RA in Uganda. METHODS: Between August 2018 and February 2019, patients presenting to the rheumatology outpatient clinic in Mulago National Referral Hospital were enrol…

Reconstructing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in eastern Uganda through longitudinal serosurveillance in a malaria cohort.

IMPORTANCE: Estimating the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been difficult in sub-Saharan Africa due to asymptomatic infections and inadequate testing capacity. Antibody responses from serologic surveys can provide an estimate of SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the population level. OBJECTIVE: To estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, attack rates, and re-infection in eastern Uganda using serologic surveillance from 2020 to early 2022. DESIGN: Plasma samples from participants in the Program for Resistance, Immunology, Surveillance, and Modeling of Malaria in Uganda (PRISM) Border Cohort were obta…

Asymptomatic School-Aged Children Are Important Drivers of Malaria Transmission in a High Endemicity Setting in Uganda.

Achieving malaria elimination requires a better understanding of the transmissibility of human infections in different transmission settings. This study aimed to characterize the human infectious reservoir in a high endemicity setting in eastern Uganda, using gametocyte quantification and mosquito feeding assays. In asymptomatic infections, gametocyte densities were positively associated with the proportion of infected mosquitoes (β = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.32-1.92; P < .0001). Combining transmissibility and abundance in the population, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections were estimated to contri…

Pneumonia surveillance with culture-independent metatranscriptomics in HIV-positive adults in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a major health-care challenge in people living with HIV. Despite this, the causes of pneumonia in this population remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the feasibility of metatranscriptomics for epidemiological surveillance of pneumonia in patients with HIV in Uganda. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study in patients with HIV who were admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda between Oct 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, HIV-positivity, and clinically diagno…