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[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with cefluprenam in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Gefluprenam].

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefluprenam (code number: E1077, abbreviation: CFLP), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotics w … eumonia. As for bacteriological responses, eradication rates were 95.2% (177/186) in total. Against Gram-positive cocci, the eradication rate was 92.7% (76/82), with eradication rates of 94.3% (33/35) for Staphylococcus aureus, and 93.3% (28/30) for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Against Gram-negative rods, the eradication rate was 97.1% (101/104), and eradication rates w …

[Risk factors of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis and their predictive values].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis (IE), construct prediction model, and discuss its predictive value. METHODS: The clinical data of 402 adult inpatients diagnosed with IE admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2010 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the AKI group and the non-AKI group. The clinical data, such as gender, age, presence of diabetes, basic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), laboratory indexes at admission, invo

Dynamic changes and clinical significance of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in breast cancer onset, progression and chemotherapy intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Alterations of the gut microbiota and host metabolic reprogramming are closely associated with the development of breast cancer a … and PCBC groups. It identified a cluster of strongly associated features characterized by anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Lactobacillus-associated microbiota, and their paired metabolites, providing an important molecular fingerprint for clinical assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This study integrates gut microbiome and serum metabolomic data to reveal that during the progres …

Host impairments in patients with neoplastic diseases.

Healthy individuals possess an immune system comprising physical barriers, innate and acquired immunity as well as the indigenous microflora that populate the body surfaces. The immune system maintains constant vigilance over the body at the cellular level as well as at the interface between the host integument and the resident microflora. However, neoplastic diseases and their treatment often lead to impaired immunity resulting in an increased risk of infections due to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This chapter explores the various aspects of host impairment focusing on the componen

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… Table 1 Microbial residents of the normal skin Major group Genus Opportunistic pathogens Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus spp. S. epidermidis Micrococcus spp. Gram-positive bacilli Corynebacterium spp. C . jeikeium Brevibacterium spp. Propionibacterium spp. Acinetobacter spp. … Table 2 Resident flora of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity Major group Genus Opportunistic pathogens Gram-positive cocci Micrococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. S. epidermidis Stomatococcus spp. …

Outcomes and microbiological patterns of bacteremia in chemotherapy-related febrile neutropenia at a tertiary facility in Kenya.

IntroductionFebrile neutropenia (FN) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with malignancy post-chmotherapy. Current guidelines for managing FN recommend starting empiric antibiotic therapy (EAT) promptly. The choice of antibiotic is based on the patient's condition, local data on common microorganisms isolated, and their resistance patterns. Of note, there is a growing trend of isolating multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in these patients. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are insufficient data on the mortality rates of FN. There is also a lack of local epidemiologic da

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… For these BSI, 68% (n = 17 of 25) were gram-negative rods, 24% (n = 6 of 25) were gram-positive cocci, and 8% (n = 2 of 25) were candidemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most commonly isolated bacteria among the gram-negative bacteria at 35.3% (n = 6 of 17). … Blood cultures taken at onset of febrile neutropeni a (n = 90) | Yes | 90 | 100.0% Positive blood culture | Yes | 25 | 27.8% | No | 65 | 72.2% Organism isolated in blood (n = 25) | Gram positive Cocci | 6 | 24.0% | Gram negative rods | 17 | 68.0% | Fungi | 2 | 8.0% Gram positive Cocci in blood (n …

Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host

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… Anaerobic bacteria and aerobic gram-positive cocci were recognized less commonly. Aerobic gram-negative bacillus infections were also associated with a poorer outcome than infections from gram-positive cocci. … Resistance is no longer an issue exclusively for aerobic gram-negative organisms but is a concern for anaerobes, gram-positive cocci, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. …

A multicenter prospective study of 515 febrile neutropenia episodes in Argentina during a 5-year period.

For better management of patients with febrile neutropenia, our study investigated the epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical characteristics of adult inpatients with febrile neutropenia and their mortality-associated factors. To this end, we carried out a prospective, observational, multicenter study in 28 Argentinian hospitals between 2007 and 2012. We included 515 episodes of febrile neutropenia from 346 patients, median age 49 years. Neutropenia followed chemotherapy in 77% of cases, half of the cases due to hematological malignancies. Most episodes were classified as high-risk accordi

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… (n = 312) | Isolated microbe (n) Gram-negative bacilli | 18 Klebsiella pneumoniae (7) , Escherichia coli (4) , Acinetobacter baumannii (3) , Pseudomonas sp (2) , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1) , Klebsiella oxytoca (1) Gram-positive cocci | 15 Staphylococcus coagulase negative (4) , Methicillin-susceptible … The latter one was also found to predominate among Gram-positive cocci [ 20 – 22 , 37 ]. …

Evaluating the Use of Meropenem in Hematologic Patients with Febrile Neutropenia: A Retrospective Observational Single-Cohort Study.

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… Although meropenem has an ultra-broad-spectrum coverage, it does not treat infections caused by some gram-positive cocci, such as Staphylococcus epidermis and Enterococcus faecalis . 14 Except for E. faecalis , which is sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, the bacteria mentioned above were resistant … to both meropenem and either of the alternatives. 14 When these gram-positive cocci are either suspected or found, they are treated with different antibiotics, such as vancomycin. 13 To avoid reporting results biased as a higher resistance frequency, we displayed bacteria separately based on their resistance …

Neutropenic sepsis and septic shock in ICU patients: A single-center experience over the last decade.

PURPOSE: Sepsis and septic shock in patients with neutropenia are associated with high mortality. We investigated the features and outcome predictors of neutropenic sepsis in the last decade. METHODS: Consecutive patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a French university-affiliated hospital in 2012-2022, met criteria for sepsis or septic shock, and had neutropenia were included retrospectively. Patient features were collected and compared for 2012-2017 and 2018-2022. Factors associated with hospital mortality were sought by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULT

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… 0.12 Unidentified | 14 (16.5) | 20 (20.0) | 0.57 Secondary BSI, n (%) | 17 (20.0) | 39 (39.0) | 0.006 Multiple sites of infection, n (%) | 7 (8.2) | 5 (5.0) | 0.39 Microbiological documentation, b n (%) | | | Bacteria | 65 (76.5) | 70 (70.0) | Gram-negative bacilli | 41 (48.2) | 54 (54.0) | 0.46 Gram-positive … The prevalence of Gram-positive cocci was significantly lower during the recent period than during the early period. Anti-pseudomonal broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was given to most patients, usually in combination with an aminoglycoside ( Table 3 ). …

Neutropenic Enterocolitis as a Complication of Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series.

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a rare but severe complication occurring in neutropenic patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Mortality is high, so early diagnosis is required to start urgent medical or surgical treatment. Data analysis of the development of NE after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains scarce. The aim of this case series is to discuss five out of 100 patients receiving autologous stem cell transplants (ASCTs) for multiple myeloma complicated with NE between 2016 and 2020 in the hematology department of the Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, C

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… Several studies reported the polymicrobial causative effect including gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci, anaerobes, and fungi. … Anti gram-positive cocci antibiotics such as vancomycin are considered if mucositis is associated with the clinical presentation or if Clostridium difficile is isolated in the microbiological findings [ 17 ]. The guidelines do not address concrete treatment recommendations for fungal NE [ 12 ]. …

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting PICC catheter-related bloodstream infection among patients with hematologic malignancies.

PurposeTo identify risk factors for PICC-related bloodstream infections (PICC-CRBSI) in patients with hematologic malignancies and to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for clinical risk assessment.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 764 patients with hematologic malignancy who had PICC from a tertiary center (2021-2024). LASSO regression identified key predictors after addressing class imbalance via SMOTE-NC in the training set (n = 534). A multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a predictive nomogram, subsequently validated in a validation set (n = 230). Mo

Prevalence and characteristics of concomitant septic and crystal-induced arthritis: A hospital database and literature review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Concomitant septic and crystal-induced arthritis is a rare condition. Failure to diagnose this condition can result in significant harm to the patient. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of concomitant septic and crystal-induced arthritis. METHODS: A retrospective study included patients diagnosed with concomitant septic and crystal-induced arthritis confirmed by positive bacterial culture and intracellular crystals in synovial fluid of the same joint, from January 1, 2015, to July 31 ,2024. RESULTS: A total of 45 cases were defined a

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… The characteristics of each patient are presented in Table 2 Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics CPPD: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, GNB: C-reactive protein (CRP), GPC: gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci, IQR: interquartile range, MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus … Gram-positive cocci were the most frequently isolated organisms and were identified in 84.4% of culture-positive patients. Among these cases, Staphylococcus was the most common (48.9%), and gram-negative bacilli were present in 15.6% of culture-positive patients. …

Prospective study evaluating the incidence of bacteraemia and bacteruria in afebrile and febrile neutropaenic dogs undergoing chemotherapy.

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the incidence and character of bacteraemia and bacteruria in afebrile and febrile neutropaenic dogs undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Fifty-five neutropaenic dogs presenting to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were enrolled for a total of 57 neutropaenic episodes. The overall incidence of bacteraemia was 12.3% (n = 7/57). Three afebrile dogs and four febrile dogs were bacteraemic; this difference was not significant (P = 0.6968). The overall incidence of bacteruria was 7.5% (n = 4/53). Two afebrile dogs and

Adjuvant A-PRF Application in Patients with Various Stages of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): Case Series.

Background and Clinical Significance: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication of antiresorptive therapies such as Zolendronic acid, used for bone metastases. Its management remains challenging, with outcomes often unpredictable. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), rich in growth factors, has been proposed as a potential adjunct to surgical treatment, aiming to promote tissue regeneration and improve patient outcomes. Case Presentation: We reported three clinical cases of MRONJ in patients previously treated with Zolendronic acid. All patients underwent surgical seq

Use of MASCC score in the inpatient management of febrile neutropenia: a single-center retrospective study.

PurposeThe Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score is used to risk stratify outpatients with febrile neutropenia (FN). However, it is rarely used in hospital settings. We aimed to describe management, use of MASCC score, and outcomes among hospitalized patients with FN.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer and FN. We collected patient demographics, cancer characteristics, microbiological profile, MASCC score, utilization of critical care therapies, documentation of goals of care (GOC), and inpatient deaths. Outcomes associated wi

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… 4.00) Use of GCSF prior/during hospitalization, n (%) | 66 (34.2) | 38 (37.6) | 28 (30.4) Use of prophylactic antimicrobials, Yes, n (%) | 43 (22.3) | 26 (25.7) | 17 (18.5) Microbiological profile Viral infection at time of admission | 30 (15.5) | 12 (11.9) | 18 (19.6) Positive blood cultures, n (%) Gram-positive … A quarter of the patients (53/193, 27.5%) had positive blood cultures, with a slight preponderance of gram-negative rods (26/53, 49.1%) when compared to gram-positive cocci (23/53, 43.4%). …

Current trends of infectious complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a single center.

This study was to analyze the infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) according to the recent changes of HSCT. Medical records of 379 adult patients who underwent HSCT consecutively at Catholic HSCT Center from January 2001 to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Allogeneic HSCT accounted for 75.7% (287/379) and autologous HSCT for 24.3% (92/379). During pre-engraftment period, bacterial infection was predominant, and E. coli was still the most common organism. After engraftment, viral infection was predominant. The incidence of invasive fungal inf

Infectious Diseases

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… In general, therapeutic trials of antimicrobials or steroids are discouraged TREAT UNDERLYING CAUSE Fever and Rash Differential Diagnosis Infections gram-positive cocci —scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, acute rheumatic fever (erythema marginatum, subcutaneous … inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may cause toxic levels of rifampin, which should be replaced by rifabutin) CANADIAN TUBERCULOSIS STANDARDS —see http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tbpc-latb/index-eng.php for more information Approach to Gram Stain, Culture, and Sensitivity Gram-Positive …

Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Patients in the Hematological Department Receiving Carbapenem Therapy: A Single-Center and Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

As antibiotic resistance has become a global problem, the intervention of an antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) is warranted. In hematological disorders, infectious complications are crucial owing to abnormal neutrophil function and decreased cell-mediated immunity. Despite the widespread implementation of AST intervention, the effectiveness of stewardship practices for immunocompromised patients remains uncertain. We determined the effect of AST interventions on carbapenem therapy in the department of hematology. Patients admitted to the department and undergoing carbapenem therapy were enr

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… Furthermore, the percentage of gram-positive cocci detected in blood cultures increased in the post-AST period (7.2% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.001). … cocci | 15 (7.2) | 54 (17.4) | 0.001 * 2.4. …

Infectious Diseases

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… In general, therapeutic trials of antimicrobials or steroids are discouraged TREAT UNDERLYING CAUSE Fever and Rash Differential Diagnosis INFECTIONS gram - positive cocci —scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, acute rheumatic fever (erythema marginatum, subcutaneous … Also beware of TB and HIV drug interactions (protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may cause toxic levels of rifampin, which should be replaced by rifabutin) Approach to Gram Stain, Culture, and Sensitivity Gram-Positive Cocci CLUSTERS (catalase positive) (Staphylococci …

Infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current status and future perspectives in Korea.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for hematologic malignancies, immune deficiencies, or genetic diseases, ect. Recently, the number of HSCTs performed in Korea has increased and the outcomes have improved. However, infectious complications account for most of the morbidity and mortality after HSCT. Post-HSCT infectious complications are usually classified according to the time after HSCT: pre-engraftment, immediate post-engraftment, and late post-engraftment period. In addition, the types and risk factors of infectious complications differ according to the stem cell

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… Gram positive cocci (mainly viridans group streptococci) | Gram positive cocci | Nocardia Clostridium difficile Fungi | Candida | Aspergillus and other non- Aspergillus molds | Aspergillus and other non- Aspergillus molds Aspergillus | Pneumocystis jirovecii | Pneumocystis jirovecii Herpesviruses | HSV … Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are common pathogens in the former, while Gram-positive cocci (GPC) are more common in the latter [ 14 ]. In general, microbiologically defined infections (MDIs) account for only 30% to 40% of cases of neutropenic fever [ 15 ]. …