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HDM1002 in Chinese Adults With Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Ascending-Dose Phase 1b Study.

OBJECTIVE: HDM1002, a small-molecule agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, was evaluated for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD). METHODS: Chinese participants (18-60 years) with BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 to ≤ 36.0 kg/m2 without diabetes were enrolled and randomized 5:1 (12 per cohort) to receive HDM1002 or placebo orally for 28 days. Dose cohorts included 50 mg once daily (QD); 100 mg QD; 200 mg QD; 100 mg twice daily (BID); and 400 mg QD. Primary endpoint was safety, assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, physical examination, e

Blood Pressure Differences among Obese, Overweight, and Normal-Weight Adolescents in Enugu Metropolis: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, and increasing adolescent obesity is strongly linked to early-onset hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in adults. This study compared blood pressure among obese, overweight, and normal-weight adolescents and examined associated anthropometric factors and patterns. METHODOLOGY: This comparative cross-sectional study included 486 adolescents (162 normal-weight, 162 overweight, and 162 obese) from secondary schools in Enugu. The participants were selected via multistage sampling. Anthropome…

Associations Between Sources of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Overweight and Obesity Among Chinese School-Aged Youth.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and obesity is still a matter of debate, and few studies have considered the settings of exposure when exploring this relationship. We aimed to examine the associations of secondhand smoke exposure in different places with overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: We used data from the Shandong Provincial Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Survey conducted in 2021. Secondhand smoke exposure in different places was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. The associations of sec…

High-Protein Meal Replacement Intervention in Overweight and Obese Career Firefighters: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this cluster randomized controlled trial was to examine the effectiveness of a 14-week high-protein meal replacement (MRP) intervention on macronutrient intake, body composition, cardiometabolic health, and stair climb (SC) performance in career firefighters with overweight and obesity, and collect acceptability data to inform implementation efforts. METHODS: Twenty-six fire stations (51 firefighters; 36.7±7.3yrs; 33.1±4.8kg·m -2) were randomized to a MRP or wait-list control (CON) group. The MRP group consumed one shake/day (week 1) and two shakes/day (weeks 2-14) ad …

Food motivation and owner feeding management practices are associated with overweight among Dog Aging Project participants.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations of dogs' food motivation scores (FMS) and owners' feeding management scores (OMS; a measure of intensity of dietary control) derived from the Dog Obesity Risk Assessment questionnaire with dog physical condition and to investigate the potential impact of several factors on dogs' levels of food motivation. METHODS: Observational prospective study of US dogs enrolled in the Dog Aging Project from 2019 through 2021. Participating owners completed standardized questionnaires, including information about their dogs' physical condition (overweight vs not over…

Contemporary treatment patterns of overweight and obesity: insights from the Mass General Brigham health care system.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, obesity-related conditions (ORCs), and antiobesity medication (AOM) eligibility and prescribing practice among eligible patients in a large health care system.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis of the multicenter Mass General Brigham health care system (Boston, Massachusetts) spanning 2018 to 2022, adults eligible for AOMs (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or BMI 27-29.9 kg/m2 with ≥1 ORC) were identified. Among those AOM-eligible, the prevalence of prescriptions for AOMs approved for long-term weight management was evaluated.R

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… First, we did not evaluate temporal changes in overweight, obesity, or ORCs. Second, because BMI is a proxy for excess or dysfunctional adiposity with well‐established limitations [ 42 ], use of this anthropometric may have led to misclassification of overweight or obesity status in some groups. … FDA approves first treatment to reduce risk of serious heart problems specifically in adults with obesity or overweight. News release. …

COVID-19 impact on overweight and obesity rates in Aotearoa | New Zealand 4-year-old children.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has had profound societal impacts. This study estimated overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity rates in 4-year-old children over pre- and post-COVID-19 periods, and investigated differential changes between sex, ethnic and deprivation groups. METHODS: A national screening programme of 4-year-old children undertaking B4 School Checks (B4SCs) between 1 January 2010 and 7 March 2023 was analysed. B4SCs include anthropometric measurements enabling sex-specific body mass index-for-age Z-scores (BMI z-scores) to be derived. Children with ≥85th, ≥95th, and ≥99.7th percentile B…

Interactions between overweight/obesity and alcohol dependence impact human brain white matter microstructure: evidence from DTI.

There is inconsistent evidence for an association of obesity with white matter microstructural alterations. Such inconsistent findings may be related to the cumulative effects of obesity and alcohol dependence. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between alcohol dependence and overweight/obesity on white matter microstructure in the human brain. A total of 60 inpatients with alcohol dependence during early abstinence (44 normal weight and 16 overweight/obese) and 65 controls (42 normal weight and 23 overweight/obese) were included. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measu…

Residence-based inequalities in overweight/obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis.

BACKGROUND: Overweight/obesity remains a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and their associated morbidities and mortalities. Yet, limited studies have comprehensively examined factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, our study sought to decompose the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using nationally representative datasets. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 23 sub-Saharan African countries…

Increasing maternal age associates with lower placental CPT1B mRNA expression and acylcarnitines, particularly in overweight women.

Older pregnant women have increased risks of complications including gestational diabetes and stillbirth. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (C … ility, potentially contributing to pregnancy complications in older women, particularly if they are overweight.

Nutritional supplements improve cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese patients: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are considered as one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). At present, many studies have proved that multiple nutritional supplements play an active role in metabolic diseases. However, the comparative efficacy of different nutritional supplements in improving indicators of cardiometabolic risk in obese and overweight patients is uncertain. METHODS: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for the period from January 1990 to March 2022. A random-effect model was built in the Bayesian network meta-analysis. Th…

Sequential algorithm to stratify liver fibrosis risk in overweight/obese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Non-diabetic overweight/obese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents the largest subgroup with heterogeneous liver fibrosis risk. Metabolic dysfunction promotes liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated whether incorporating additional metabolic risk factors into clinical evaluation improved liver fibrosis risk stratification among individuals with non-diabetic overweight/obese MAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive metabolic evaluation including 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test was performed in over 1000 participants from the New Hong Kong Car…

Prevalence and risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome among an ethnically diverse overweight/obese adolescent population.

BACKGROUND: More remains to be known about polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among overweight/obese adolescents across different ethnicities especially in regards to mental illness as an associated comorbidity. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of PCOS among overweight and obese adolescents and to evaluate known risk factors for PCOS in a diverse population. METHODS: Charts of patients at an Adolescent Clinic between April 1, 2016 and July 30, 2018 were filtered using: obese, overweight and body mass index (BMI) >85%. Charts were reviewed to identify the presence of PCOS using National I…

Obesity class does not further stratify outcome in overweight and obese pediatric patients after heart transplantation.

The effect of obesity stratification on pediatric heart transplant outcomes is unknown. The UNOS database was queried for patients ≥2-<18 years listed for heart transplant and stratified by BMI: normal (BMI>5%-≤85 percentile), overweight (BMI=86%-95 percentile), class 1 (BMI=100%-120% of 95 percentile), class 2 (BMI=121%-140% of 95 percentile), and class 3 obesity (BMI>140% of 95 percentile). A total of 5056 individuals were listed for transplant, with 71% normal, 13% overweight, 10% class 1, 4% class 2, and 2% class 3 obesity. Waitlist survival was not different between groups. Post-transplan…

Montmorency cherry supplementation attenuates vascular dysfunction induced by prolonged forearm occlusion in overweight, middle-aged men.

Flavonoid supplementation improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), but it is not known whether flavonoids protect against vascular dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and associated respiratory burst. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we investigated whether 4 wk supplementation with freeze-dried Montmorency cherry (MC) attenuated suppression of FMD after IR induced by prolonged forearm occlusion. Twelve physically inactive overweight, middle-aged men (52.8 ± 5.8 yr, BMI: 28.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2) consumed MC (235 mg/day anthocyanins)…

Overweight and obesity in New Caledonian adults: Results from measured and adjusted self-reported anthropometric data.

AIMS: To estimate the overweight (OW) and obesity (Ob) prevalence and associated socio-demographic risk factors in New Caledonian adults aged 18-67years. METHODS: From a randomly selected cross-sectional population survey, self-reported (n=2513) and measured (n=736) height and weight data were collected. Separate linear regression analyses for measured weight and height were performed, using cases with both self-reported weight and height and socio-demographic variables. The final weight and height assigned to each case was either measured or predicted from the regression (n=2075). OW prevale…

Physician Weight-Related Counseling Is Unrelated to Extreme Weight Loss Behaviors Among Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Some physicians may be hesitant to counsel overweight and obese adolescents about weight because of concerns that such counseling may result in extreme weight loss behaviors and the subsequent development of eating disorders. We compared self-reported extreme weight loss behaviors in 535 overweight/obese adolescents prior to receiving weight-related counseling during primary care visits, and again after 3 months. We found no change in fasting (7.7% vs 6.3%, P = .45), and decreases in diet pill use (4.1% vs 1.7%, P = .003) and laxative use/vomiting (2.6% vs 1.0%, P = .02). Three months followin…

Predictors of overweight and obesity among adults aged 50 years and above: Serbian national health survey.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial condition related to morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life and many other problems. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and factors associated with them (demographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle) in adults aged 50 years and above in Serbia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, representative for the population in Serbia, was carried out in one-year period, including 6,932 people aged 50 and over. Individuals were interviewed and anthropometrically examined. The association between o…

Diagnostic performance of glycated hemoglobin for diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic older overweight/obese African-Americans.

OBJECTIVES: Although clinicians do not routinely screen for diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic patients, previous studies have shown that diabetic retinopathy can occur in patients with prediabetes. However, due to the limitations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in overweight/obese subjects, African-Americans and older adults, little is known about the correlation between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic older overweight/obese African-Americans. The aims of this study were to determine the association between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy, and the optimal diagnostic threshold o…