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Can different types of retinal emboli be reliably differentiated from one another? An inter- and intraobserver agreement study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ophthalmologists can agree on the qualitative assessment of visible retinal emboli. DESIGN: Inter- and intraobserver agreement study. SETTING: The retina and vitreous subspecialty session at the 1996 Canadian Ophthalmological Society meeting. SUBJECTS: A total of 42 observers, of whom 30 were retinal specialists. OUTCOME MEASURES: The observers viewed 17 fundus photographs of 11 patients with embolic acute retinal artery occlusion and classified the visible retinal emboli into one of three groups: cholesterol, calcific or other. RESULTS: Overall, there was …

Bilateral acute retinal necrosis.

Four patients who experienced the sudden onset of anterior uveitis with large keratic precipitates and dense vitreous opacities developed confluent yellow-white swellings and exudates in the peripheral retina and sheathing and obliteration of retinal arteries. After absorption of the exudates, atrophic patches in the peripheral retina and a funnel-shaped retinal detachment with many tears appeared. Angiograms showed retinal edema, fluorescein leakage from the choroid in the affected areas, and perivasculitis of the retinal arteries. Although treatment seemed unable to alter the course of the d

Antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient with sarcoidosis: a case report.

We report the case of a 72-year-old female with sarcoidosis who developed a central retinal artery occlusion in her left eye in association with persistently high titers of IgG anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Only two previous cases of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in association with sarcoidosis have been reported. Our patient's vision stabilized on anti-coagulant therapy along with concomitant treatment of sarcoidosis-related uveitis with methotrexate.

[Two cases of isolated avulsed retinal vessels].

Two cases of isolated avulsed retinal vessels without retinal breaks or any other vitreoretinal disorders are reported. Case 1: a 57-year-old woman developed acute vitreous hemorrhages in the right eye associated with an avulsed retinal artery in the superior equatorial region. Case 2: a 74-year-old man had an asymptomatic avulsed retinal vein in the superior midperiphery. Repeat argon laser photocoagulation resulted in uncomplicated occlusion of the avulsed retinal vessels and reduced the risk of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage.

Retinal oximetry in branch retinal vein occlusion.

PURPOSE: To measure retinal oxygen saturation (SO2 ) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter in 50 eyes (50 patients) with resolved BRVO. SO2 was calculated in each major retinal artery and vein in four quadrants. The superior or inferior hemisphere with BRVO was categorized as the affected hemisphere and the other as the unaffected hemisphere. RESULTS: Oxymap T1 allowed us to measure SO2 in major retinal vessels. Both arterial and venous SO2 in the affected hemisphere were significantly higher than those…

A simulation study of fluorescein attenuation and dynamic tracer kinetic model-extracted retinal blood flow from human retinal fluorescein videoangiographies.

Diabetes mellitus catalyzes blood-retinal barrier degeneration and alterations to retinal hemodynamics, leading to changes in retinal vascul … in intensities at pathlengths equivalent to retinal tissue thicknesses, 170 μ m and 267 μ m , and retinal artery diameters, 79.0 μ m and 111.2 μ m , were found to be between ~12-17. The increased retinal arterial diameter had a negligible effect on the ratio of retinal tissue and blood's detected fluorescein intensities, whereas the increased retinal thickne …

[Mixed retinal thrombosis in a patient carrying prothrombin gene mutation in a homozygote state].

We reported a case of a thrombosis of the retinal and central artery and vein in a 44-year-old patient, with high-grade T-cell lymphoma. Car … us thrombotic disease. Otherwise, acute leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may induce thrombosis of retinal artery and vein by means of an optic nerve infiltration, as well as beta-thalassemia, ocular trauma and retrobulbar anesthesia. Retinal central artery and vein are seldom both involved; whereas occlusions of their branches are more frequent.

OCT based interpretation of the optic nerve head anatomy in young adults with retinal vascular occlusions and ischemic optic neuropathy.

PURPOSE: To examine optic nerve head (ONH) anatomy in young adults with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) or nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) in order to look for associated, potentially predisposing anomalies. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 54 patients (ages 16-50 years) diagnosed from 2009 to 2018 with CRVO, BRVO, CRAO, BRAO, or NA-AION. Using Optical Coherence Tomography the presence of optic disc drusen (ODD), prelaminar hyperreflect…

Complete visual recovery after incipient crao due to ocular hypoperfusion in a patient with moyamoya disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report a case of an impending central retinal artery occlusion with hypoperfusion in a moyamoya patient. METHODS: A young, surgically revascularized moyamoya patient experienced severe unilateral vision loss from 20/25 to hand motions because of impending central retinal artery occlusion. The patient was treated with a combination of intermittent ocular massage, intraocular pressure-lowering medications, and aspirin. PATIENTS: A case of a moyamoya patient at Stanford University Medical Center. RESULTS: Visual acuity was restored to baseline by impro…

[Assessment of the retinal blood flow by DRG retina Doppler in primary open angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma].

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the blood flow in central retinal artery (CRA) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were examined: I group consisted of 15 patients (19 eyes) with POAG, II group of 16 patients (32 eyes) with NTG. The controls were age-matched healthy persons. Blood flow velocities and resistance index in central retinal artery were measured by DRG Retina-Doppler. RESULTS: We found decreased blood flow velocity in CRA in most of the patients with NTG and in part of the patients with …

[Retinal vascular occlusion: possibilities of a direct oxygen supply to the hypoxic areas].

Treatment of a retinal vascular occlusion consists in restoration of normal oxygenation to the affected area. An experimentally induced increase in arterial CO2 provokes an increase in preretinal CO2 in a hypoxic retinal area which has developed after venous obstruction, but it is ineffective in anoxic areas of an arterial occlusion. However, clinical application of this treatment offers no benefit for the patient. Hyperoxia caused by respiration of a gas mixture of 5% CO2 and 95% O2 is also ineffective. On the other hand, the results of recent studies in which blood is replaced with fluorocar

RETINAL EMBOLIZATION AFTER CAROTID ECHO DOPPLER: A CASE REPORT.

PURPOSE: To report a case of symptomatic multiple retinal emboli during a carotid Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) procedure. METHODS: Case re … etinal whitening with cherry point, and multiple intraarterial emboli in all arcades of the central retinal artery. Computed tomography angiography of the supraaortic vessels revealed an absence of filling throughout the cervical, petrous, and cavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery, resuming only in the ophthalmic segment and an important stenosis …

Retinal Vessel Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Unilateral Edema of the Optic Nerve Head: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: Evaluate whether optic disc edema results in changes in retinal microcirculation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted … n the retinal arterial diameter was statistically significant (p=0.001). The median diameter of the retinal artery was 11.70 px (IQR 1.47) or after conversion 109.00 µm (IQR 14.00) in the papilledema group and 13.75 px (IQR 1.61) or 128.00 µm (IQR 15.00) in the control group. The increase in the diameter of the retinal veins in the papilledema group was statisti …

Pre-papillary arterial loop in ocular hypertension: a rare association.

Pre-papillary vascular loop (PVL) is a rare congenital retinal vascular anomaly, often underdiagnosed due to its asymptomatic nature. Originating from retinal arteries or veins, PVL may lead to complications such as branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). This case report describes a man in his 60s presenting with sudden-onset vision loss in the left eye, diagnosed with BRAO secondary to a pre-papillary arterial loop, alongside ocular hypertension and their management. Differentiating BRAO-induced retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects from glaucomatous changes was challenging due to overlap…

Thrombolyic and Vasodilator Treatment in a Patient With Prolonged Retinal Ischemia.

Vasospastic transient monocular vision loss associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome is typically short lasting and responsive to vasodilators. Virchow's triad of endothelial dysfunction, arterial stasis, and a hypercoagulable state are factors in systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome that may potentially contribute to prolonged retinal hypoperfusion and central retinal artery occlusion. Consequently, rapid intervention to address all components of Virchow's triad may increase the probability of a good outcome. Time of retinal viability should…

Внезапная потеря зрения: диагностический подход.

Потеря зрения затрагивает более 7 миллионов американцев и влияет на качество жизни, независимость, социальное функционирование и общее состояние здоровья. Обычные и опасные условия, приводящие к внезапной потере зрения, включают острую глаукому, закрывающуюся под углом, сетчатку, окклюзию сетчатки, гигантский клеточный артерит и оптический неуриит. Острая глаукома, закрывающая угол, имеет окулярную боль, головную боль и тошноту; лечение включает пилокарпиновые капли глаз, пероральный или внутривенный ацетазоламид и внутривенный маннитол. Отделение сетчатки имеет зрительный дефект, похожий на з

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vision loss affects more than 7 million Americans and impacts quality of life, independence, social functioning, and overall health. Common and dangerous conditions causing sudden vision loss include acute angle-closure glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal artery occlusion, giant cell arteritis, and optic neuritis. Acute angle-closure glaucoma features ocul…

Acute visual loss after preoperative embolization of an ethmoidal metastasis.

An unintentional embolization of retinal arteries is rare and has been documented as a complication after embolization of arteries supplying head and neck tumors. However, occlusion of the central retinal artery with severe loss of vision has never been reported to be a complication from embolization of tumor-supplying ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery. A 40 year-old male patient with a history of right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma underwent preoperative radiological embolization of an ethmoidal metastasis after having experienced a life-threatening sinus bleeding. Repeated p…

Eye Emergencies.

Central retinal artery occlusions, chemical injuries, mechanical globe injuries, and retinal detachments are eye emergencies that can result in permanent vision loss if not treated urgently. Family physicians should be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of each condition and be able to perform a basic eye examination. Patients with a central retinal artery occlusion require urgent referral for stroke evaluation and should receive therapy to lower intraocular pressure and vasodilating agents to minimize retinal ischemia. Chemical injuries require immediate irrigation of the eye to neutral…

Retinal and optic nerve ischemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on aspects of retinal and optic nerve ischemia that may be encountered by neurologists. RECENT FINDI … c symptoms are common in patients with anterior circulation ischemic strokes. Patients with central retinal artery occlusion, whether permanent or transient (responsible for transient visual loss), need to be evaluated and managed emergently similar to patients with cerebral ischemia, while anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy are more concerning for …

The effect of off-pump coronary bypass graft surgery on subfoveal choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery has been associated with adverse ocular events. Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery evades the systemic inflammatory response seen in extracorporeal circulation and is superior to on-pump surgery with regard to end-organ dysfunction and neurological outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of off-pump (without extracorporeal circulation) coronary artery bypass graft surgery on choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex, and the retinal nerve fiber layer. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. METHODS: Patients who underwent off-pump surgery were